I don't know when last Western Catholics saw themselves, in their Christian identity, as anything but Catholic.
Gallicanism was strong in France, for instance.
In the West, nationalism has played a part in fostering one's cultural identity alongside Catholicism. Spanish Catholics and French Catholics, for instance. All of them identified themselves as Catholics but were also very different and proud to be French or Spanish. They were also willing to fight one other over land and royal rights.