I don’t know about that KR. I had a Jewish patient once who I’d discuss Jewish cosmology with between exercises, besides Jewish recipes. She pretty much described their worldview like that picture, except maybe for water being above the stars. 
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Yes, but what does the view of a 21st century Jewish lady with all the metaphysical sophistication of a chemist have to do with the wisdom of ancient Israel?
You're dealing with a world view in which
everything is continuously interwoven, concrete and living symbol, like a fractal of flowers unfolding from themselves. If you don't understand this, consider "the Word". God creates through speaking words, symbols of things. But the letters and sounds are themselves symbolic of powers and essences. However, the sounds are these powers again. But again the Word is the Wisdom of God, and Wisdom operates through thought, and thought through words, and these words shape the cosmos, the metaphorical book of creation, just as they shape the written book. Then you take the first chapters of Genesis and its cosmos and see how they reveal the structure and ritual of the Solomonic Temple, but the Temple reflects the structure of Heavenly temple, up to the throne of God in the Holy of Holies, seated upon the Cherubim. And again the story of these chapters of Genesis can be seen as a narrative of the building of the Temple and its subsequent history, right up to the exile of the Jews.
It is
just like the Sacraments. We wash in water and are washed in Christ's blood; we are submerged and lifted out as we symbolically die and rise again, and we mentally die to the world and enter into the Church's life, but we also
really undergo a kind of spiritual death and rebirth in a new order of being. The Eucharist, it's bread and wine, and leaving Thomistic babble aside, you can touch it, taste it, break it apart and materially encounter bread and wine, but that bread and wine is
really the flesh and blood of Christ. All attempts to explain the meaning and reality of this in philosophies increasingly alien to the Hebrew mind, where the Platonic is superior to the Aristotelian and the dominant modern one can't even allow it, are flawed and futile.
There is much though in our own heliocentric and even Hawking-esque view of the cosmos that is rightfully founded on the natural philosophy and cosmology of the ancients, whether from Athens or Jerusalem. SL Jaki, SJ in The Savior of Science , and W Wallace, OP in The Modeling of Nature, go into this. Which you may find interesting reads.
It breaks down at the most basic level when to Hawking's view a star is a dead intelligible object consisting of fundamental physical particles.
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