The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
Of This, that Not the Whole Observance of Righteousness Is Laid Down in this Rule
Now, we have written this Rule that, observing it in monasteries, we may show that we have acquired at least some moral righteousness, or a beginning of the monastic life.
On the other hand, he that hasteneth on to the perfection of the religious life, hath at hand the teachings of the holy Fathers, the observance of which leadeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what utterance of the divinely inspired books of the Old and the New Testament is not a most exact rule of human life? Or, what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may go straight to our Creator? So, too, the collations of the Fathers, and their institutes and lives, and the rule of our holy Father, Basil -- what are they but the monuments of the virtues of exemplary and obedient monks? But for us slothful, disedifying, and negligent monks they are a source for shame and confusion.
Thou, therefore, who hastenest to the heavenly home, with the help of Christ fulfil this least rule written for a beginning; and then thou shalt with God's help attain at last to the greater heights of knowledge and virtue which we have mentioned above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE
Listen, O my son, to the precepts of thy master, and incline the ear of thy heart, and cheerfully receive and faithfully execute the admonitions of thy loving Father, that by the toil of obedience thou mayest return to Him from whom by the sloth of disobedience thou hast gone away.
To thee, therefore, my speech is now directed, who, giving up thine own will, takest up the strong and most excellent arms of obedience, to do battle for Christ the Lord, the true King.
In the first place, beg of Him by most earnest prayer, that He perfect whatever good thou dost begin, in order that He who hath been pleased to count us in the number of His children, need never be grieved at our evil deeds. For we ought at all times so to serve Him with the good things which He hath given us, that He may not, like an angry father, disinherit his children, nor, like a dread lord, enraged at our evil deeds, hand us over to everlasting punishment as most wicked servants, who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Let us then rise at length, since the Scripture arouseth us, saying: "It is now the hour for us to rise from sleep" (Rom 13:11); and having opened our eyes to the deifying light, let us hear with awestruck ears what the divine voice, crying out daily, doth admonish us, saying: "Today, if you shall hear his voice, harden not your hearts" (Ps 94[95]:8 . And again: "He that hath ears to hear let him hear what the Spirit saith to the churches" (Rev 2:7). And what doth He say? -- "Come, children, hearken unto me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord" (Ps 33[34]:12). "Run whilst you have the light of life, that the darkness of death overtake you not" (Jn 12:35).
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
And the Lord seeking His workman in the multitude of the people, to whom He proclaimeth these words, saith again: "Who is the man that desireth life and loveth to see good days" (Ps 33[34]:13)? If hearing this thou answerest, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile; turn away from evil and do good; seek after peace and pursue it" (Ps 33[34]:14-15). And when you shall have done these things, my eyes shall be upon you, and my ears unto your prayers. And before you shall call upon me I will say: "Behold, I am here" (Is 58:9).
What, dearest brethren, can be sweeter to us than this voice of the Lord inviting us? See, in His loving kindness, the Lord showeth us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May.
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Therefore, having our loins girt with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk His ways under the guidance of the Gospel, that we may be found worthy of seeing Him who hath called us to His kingdom (cf 1 Thes 2:12).
If we desire to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we cannot reach it in any way, unless we run thither by good works. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest in Thy holy hill" (Ps 14[15]:1)?
After this question, brethren, let us listen to the Lord answering and showing us the way to this tabernacle, saying: "He that walketh without blemish and worketh justice; he that speaketh truth in his heart; who hath not used deceit in his tongue, nor hath done evil to his neighbor, nor hath taken up a reproach against his neighbor" (Ps 14[15]:2-3), who hath brought to naught the foul demon tempting him, casting him out of his heart with his temptation, and hath taken his evil thoughts whilst they were yet weak and hath dashed them against Christ (cf Ps 14[15]:4; Ps 136[137]:9); who fearing the Lord are not puffed up by their goodness of life, but holding that the actual good which is in them cannot be done by themselves, but by the Lord, they praise the Lord working in them (cf Ps 14[15]:4), saying with the Prophet: "Not to us, O Lord, not to us; by to Thy name give glory" (Ps 113[115:1]:9). Thus also the Apostle Paul hath not taken to himself any credit for his preaching, saying: "By the grace of God, I am what I am" (1 Cor 15:10). And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord" (2 Cor 10:17).
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Hence, the Lord also saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these my words and doeth them, shall be likened to a wise man who built his house upon a rock; the floods came, the winds blew, and they beat upon that house, and it fell not, for it was founded on a rock" (Mt 7:24-25). The Lord fulfilling these words waiteth for us from day to day, that we respond to His holy admonitions by our works. Therefore, our days are lengthened to a truce for the amendment of the misdeeds of our present life; as the Apostle saith: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God leadeth thee to penance" (Rom 2:4)? For the good Lord saith: "I will not the death of the sinner, but that he be converted and live" (Ezek 33:11).
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. John Lateran.
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Now, brethren, that we have asked the Lord who it is that shall dwell in His tabernacle, we have heard the conditions for dwelling there; and if we fulfil the duties of tenants, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts and our bodies must, therefore, be ready to do battle under the biddings of holy obedience; and let us ask the Lord that He supply by the help of His grace what is impossible to us by nature. And if, flying from the pains of hell, we desire to reach life everlasting, then, while there is yet time, and we are still in the flesh, and are able during the present life to fulfil all these things, we must make haste to do now what will profit us forever.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 The Vigil of the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
For 2013 At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. Peter.
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
We are, therefore, about to found a school of the Lord's service, in which we hope to introduce nothing harsh or burdensome. But even if, to correct vices or to preserve charity, sound reason dictateth anything that turneth out somewhat stringent, do not at once fly in dismay from the way of salvation, the beginning of which cannot but be narrow. But as we advance in the religious life and faith, we shall run the way of God's commandments with expanded hearts and unspeakable sweetness of love; so that never departing from His guidance and persevering in the monastery in His doctrine till death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, and be found worthy to be coheirs with Him of His kingdom.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 On Mount Olivet, the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the Kinds or the Life of Monks
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first kind is that of Cenobites, that is, the monastic, who live under a rule and an Abbot.
The second kind is that of Anchorites, or Hermits, that is, of those who, no longer in the first fervor of their conversion, but taught by long monastic practice and the help of many brethren, have already learned to fight against the devil; and going forth from the rank of their brethren well trained for single combat in the desert, they are able, with the help of God, to cope single-handed without the help of others, against the vices of the flesh and evil thoughts.
But a third and most vile class of monks is that of Sarabaites, who have been tried by no rule under the hand of a master, as gold is tried in the fire (cf Prov 27:21); but, soft as lead, and still keeping faith with the world by their works, they are known to belie God by their tonsure. Living in two's and three's, or even singly, without a shepherd, enclosed, not in the Lord's sheepfold, but in their own, the gratification of their desires is law unto them; because what they choose to do they call holy, but what they dislike they hold to be unlawful.
But the fourth class of monks is that called Landlopers, who keep going their whole life long from one province to another, staying three or four days at a time in different cells as guests. Always roving and never settled, they indulge their passions and the cravings of their appetite, and are in every way worse than the Sarabaites. It is better to pass all these over in silence than to speak of their most wretched life.
Therefore, passing these over, let us go on with the help of God to lay down a rule for that most valiant kind of monks, the Cenobites.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
The Abbot who is worthy to be over a monastery, ought always to be mindful of what he is called, and make his works square with his name of Superior. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, when he is called by his name, according to the saying of the Apostle: "You have received the spirit of adoption of sons, whereby we cry Abba (Father)" (Rom 8:15). Therefore, the Abbot should never teach, prescribe, or command (which God forbid) anything contrary to the laws of the Lord; but his commands and teaching should be instilled like a leaven of divine justice into the minds of his disciples.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot always bear in mind that he must give an account in the dread judgment of God of both his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let the Abbot know that whatever lack of profit the master of the house shall find in the sheep, will be laid to the blame of the shepherd. On the other hand he will be blameless, if he gave all a shepherd's care to his restless and unruly flock, and took all pains to correct their corrupt manners; so that their shepherd, acquitted at the Lord's judgment seat, may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hid Thy justice within my heart. I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation" (Ps 39[40]:11). "But they contemning have despised me" (Is 1:2; Ezek 20:27). Then at length eternal death will be the crushing doom of the rebellious sheep under his charge.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
When, therefore, anyone taketh the name of Abbot he should govern his disciples by a twofold teaching; namely, he should show them all that is good and holy by his deeds more than by his words; explain the commandments of God to intelligent disciples by words, but show the divine precepts to the dull and simple by his works. And let him show by his actions, that whatever he teacheth his disciples as being contrary to the law of God must not be done, "lest perhaps when he hath preached to others, he himself should become a castaway" (1 Cor 9:27), and he himself committing sin, God one day say to him: "Why dost thou declare My justices, and take My covenant in thy mouth? But thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee" (Ps 49[50]:16-17). And: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, hast not seen the beam in thine own" (Mt 7:3).
Martyrology-May 13th
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let him not love one more than another, unless it be one whom he findeth more exemplary in good works and obedience. Let not a free-born be preferred to a freedman, unless there be some other reasonable cause. But if from a just reason the Abbot deemeth it proper to make such a distinction, he may do so in regard to the rank of anyone whomsoever; otherwise let everyone keep his own place; for whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ (cf Gal 3:28; Eph 6:8, and we all bear an equal burden of servitude under one Lord, "for there is no respect of persons with God" (Rom 2:11). We are distinguished with Him in this respect alone, if we are found to excel others in good works and in humility. Therefore, let him have equal charity for all, and impose a uniform discipline for all according to merit.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
For in his teaching the Abbot should always observe that principle of the Apostle in which he saith: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke" (2 Tm 4:2), that is, mingling gentleness with severity, as the occasion may call for, let him show the severity of the master and the loving affection of a father. He must sternly rebuke the undisciplined and restless; but he must exhort the obedient, meek, and patient to advance in virtue. But we charge him to rebuke and punish the negligent and haughty. Let him not shut his eyes to the sins of evil-doers; but on their first appearance let him do his utmost to cut them out from the root at once, mindful of the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo (cf 1 Sam 2:11-4:18). The well-disposed and those of good understanding, let him correct at the first and second admonition only with words; but let him chastise the wicked and the hard of heart, and the proud and disobedient at the very first offense with stripes and other bodily punishments, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words" (Prov 29:19). And again: "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death" (Prov 23:14).
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is and what he is called, and to know that to whom much hath been entrusted, from him much will be required; and let him understand what a difficult and arduous task he assumeth in governing souls and accommodating himself to a variety of characters. Let him so adjust and adapt himself to everyone -- to one gentleness of speech, to another by reproofs, and to still another by entreaties, to each one according to his bent and understanding -- that he not only suffer no loss in his flock, but may rejoice in the increase of a worthy fold.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Above all things, that the Abbot may not neglect or undervalue the welfare of the souls entrusted to him, let him not have too great a concern about fleeting, earthly, perishable things; but let him always consider that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he must give an account. And that he may not perhaps complain of the want of earthly means, let him remember what is written: "Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you" (Mt 6:33). And again: "There is no want to them that fear Him" (Ps 33[34]:10). And let him know that he who undertaketh the government of souls must prepare himself to give an account for them; and whatever the number of brethren he hath under his charge, let him be sure that on judgment day he will, without doubt, have to give an account to the Lord for all these souls, in addition to that of his own. And thus, whilst he is in constant fear of the Shepherd's future examination about the sheep entrusted to him, and is watchful of his account for others, he is made solicitous also on his own account; and whilst by his admonitions he had administered correction to others, he is freed from his own failings.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren for Counsel
Whenever weighty matters are to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and make known the matter which is to be considered. Having heard the brethren's views, let him weigh the matter with himself and do what he thinketh best. It is for this reason, however, we said that all should be called for counsel, because the Lord often revealeth to the younger what is best. Let the brethren, however, give their advice with humble submission, and let them not presume stubbornly to defend what seemeth right to them, for it must depend rather on the Abbot's will, so that all obey him in what he considereth best. But as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so also it becometh the master to dispose all things with prudence and justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 The Vigil of Pentecost.
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren for Counsel (cont.)
Therefore, let all follow the Rule as their guide in everything, and let no one rashly depart from it.
Let no one in the monastery follow the bent of his own heart, and let no one dare to dispute insolently with his Abbot, either inside or outside the monastery. If any one dare to do so, let him be placed under the correction of the Rule. Let the Abbot himself, however, do everything in the fear of the Lord and out of reverence for the Rule, knowing that, beyond a doubt, he will have to give an account to God, the most just Judge, for all his rulings. If, however, matters of less importance, having to do with the welfare of the monastery, are to be treated of, let him use the counsel of the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not repent when thou hast done" (Sir 32:24).
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works
(1) In the first place to love the Lord God with the whole heart, the whole soul, the whole strength...
(2) Then, one's neighbor as one's self (cf Mt 22:37-39; Mk 12:30-31; Lk 10:27).
(3) Then, not to kill...
(4) Not to commit adultery...
(5) Not to steal...
(6) Not to covet (cf Rom 13:9).
(7) Not to bear false witness (cf Mt 19:18; Mk 10:19; Lk 18:20).
8 To honor all men (cf 1 Pt 2:17).
(9) And what one would not have done to himself, not to do to another (cf Tob 4:16; Mt 7:12; Lk 6:31).
(10) To deny one's self in order to follow Christ (cf Mt 16:24; Lk 9:23).
(11) To chastise the body (cf 1 Cor 9:27).
(12) Not to seek after pleasures.
(13) To love fasting.
(14) To relieve the poor.
(15) To clothe the naked...
(16) To visit the sick (cf Mt 25:36).
(17) To bury the dead.
(18) To help in trouble.
(19) To console the sorrowing.
(20) To hold one's self aloof from worldly ways.
(21) To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
(22) Not to give way to anger.
(23) Not to foster a desire for revenge.
(24) Not to entertain deceit in the heart.
(25) Not to make a false peace.
(26) Not to forsake charity.
(27) Not to swear, lest perchance one swear falsely.
(28) To speak the truth with heart and tongue.
(29) Not to return evil for evil (cf 1 Thes 5:15; 1 Pt 3:9).
(30) To do no injury, yea, even patiently to bear the injury done us.
(31) To love one's enemies (cf Mt 5:44; Lk 6:27).
(32) Not to curse them that curse us, but rather to bless them.
(33) To bear persecution for justice sake (cf Mt 5:10).
(34) Not to be proud...
(35) Not to be given to wine (cf Ti 1:7; 1 Tm 3:3).
(36) Not to be a great eater.
(37) Not to be drowsy.
(38) Not to be slothful (cf Rom 12:11).
(39) Not to be a murmurer.
(40) Not to be a detractor.
(41) To put one's trust in God.
(42) To refer what good one sees in himself, not to self, but to God.
(43) But as to any evil in himself, let him be convinced that it is his own and charge it to himself.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
(44) To fear the day of judgment.
(45) To be in dread of hell.
(46) To desire eternal life with all spiritual longing.
(47) To keep death before one's eyes daily.
(48) To keep a constant watch over the actions of our life.
(49) To hold as certain that God sees us everywhere.
(50) To dash at once against Christ the evil thoughts which rise in one's heart.
(51) And to disclose them to our spiritual father.
(52) To guard one's tongue against bad and wicked speech.
(53) Not to love much speaking.
(54) Not to speak useless words and such as provoke laughter.
(55) Not to love much or boisterous laughter.
(56) To listen willingly to holy reading.
(57) To apply one's self often to prayer.
(58) To confess one's past sins to God daily in prayer with sighs and tears, and to amend them for the future.
(59) Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh (cf Gal 5:16).
(60) To hate one's own will.
(61) To obey the commands of the Abbot in all things, even though he himself (which Heaven forbid) act otherwise, mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; what they do, do ye not" (Mt 23:3).
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
(63) To fulfill daily the commandments of God by works.
(64) To love chastity.
(65) To hate no one.
(66) Not to be jealous; not to entertain envy.
(67) Not to love strife.
(68) Not to love pride.
(69) To honor the aged.
(70) To love the younger.
(71) To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
(72) To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
(73) And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the instruments of the spiritual art, which, if they have been applied without ceasing day and night and approved on judgment day, will merit for us from the Lord that reward which He hath promised: "The eye hath not seen, nor the ear heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man, what things God hath prepared for them that love Him" (1 Cor 2:9). But the workshop in which we perform all these works with diligence is the enclosure of the monastery, and stability in the community
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who, on account of the holy subjection which they have promised, or of the fear of hell, or the glory of life everlasting, hold nothing dearer than Christ. As soon as anything hath been commanded by the Superior they permit no delay in the execution, as if the matter had been commanded by God Himself. Of these the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me" (Ps 17[18]:45). And again He saith to the teachers: "He that heareth you heareth Me" (Lk 10:16).
Such as these, therefore, instantly quitting their own work and giving up their own will, with hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were doing, follow up, with the ready step of obedience, the work of command with deeds; and thus, as if in the same moment, both matters -- the master's command and the disciple's finished work -- are, in the swiftness of the fear of God, speedily finished together, whereunto the desire of advancing to eternal life urgeth them. They, therefore, seize upon the narrow way whereof the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth to life" (Mt 7:14), so that, not living according to their own desires and pleasures but walking according to the judgment and will of another, they live in monasteries, and desire an Abbot to be over them. Such as these truly live up to the maxim of the Lord in which He saith: "I came not to do My own will, but the will of Him that sent Me" (Jn 6:38).
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
This obedience, however, will be acceptable to God and agreeable to men then only, if what is commanded is done without hesitation, delay, lukewarmness, grumbling or complaint, because the obedience which is rendered to Superiors is rendered to God. For He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you heareth Me" (Lk 10:16). And it must be rendered by the disciples with a good will, "for the Lord loveth a cheerful giver (2 Cor 9:7). " For if the disciple obeyeth with an ill will, and murmureth, not only with lips but also in his heart, even though he fulfil the command, yet it will not be acceptable to God, who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he acquireth no reward; rather he incurreth the penalty of murmurers, unless he maketh satisfactory amendment.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of Silence
Let us do what the Prophet saith: "I said, I will take heed of my ways, that I sin not with my tongue: I have set a guard to my mouth, I was dumb, and was humbled, and kept silence even from good things" (Ps 38[39]:2-3). Here the prophet showeth that, if at times we ought to refrain from useful speech for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, because of the importance of silence, let permission to speak be seldom given to perfect disciples even for good and holy and edifying discourse, for it is written: "In much talk thou shalt not escape sin" (Prov 10:19). And elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue" (Prov 18:21). For it belongeth to the master to speak and to teach; it becometh the disciple to be silent and to listen. If, therefore, anything must be asked of the Superior, let it be asked with all humility and respectful submission. But coarse jests, and idle words or speech provoking laughter, we condemn everywhere to eternal exclusion; and for such speech we do not permit the disciple to open his lips.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
Brethren, the Holy Scripture crieth to us saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted" (Lk 14:11; 18:14). Since, therefore, it saith this, it showeth us that every exaltation is a kind of pride. The Prophet declareth that he guardeth himself against this, saying: "Lord, my heart is not puffed up; nor are my eyes haughty. Neither have I walked in great matters nor in wonderful things above me" (Ps 130[131]:1). What then? "If I was not humbly minded, but exalted my soul; as a child that is weaned is towards his mother so shalt Thou reward my soul" (Ps 130[131]:2).
Hence, brethren, if we wish to reach the greatest height of humility, and speedily to arrive at that heavenly exaltation to which ascent is made in the present life by humility, then, mounting by our actions, we must erect the ladder which appeared to Jacob in his dream, by means of which angels were shown to him ascending and descending (cf Gen 28:12). Without a doubt, we understand this ascending and descending to be nothing else but that we descend by pride and ascend by humility. The erected ladder, however, is our life in the present world, which, if the heart is humble, is by the Lord lifted up to heaven. For we say that our body and our soul are the two sides of this ladder; and into these sides the divine calling hath inserted various degrees of humility or discipline which we must mount.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man always have the fear of God before his eyes (cf Ps 35[36]:2), shunning all forgetfulness and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, that he always considereth in his mind how those who despise God will burn in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for those who fear God. And whilst he guardeth himself evermore against sin and vices of thought, word, deed, and self-will, let him also hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let a man consider that God always seeth him from Heaven, that the eye of God beholdeth his works everywhere, and that the angels report them to Him every hour. The Prophet telleth us this when he showeth God thus ever present in our thoughts, saying: "The searcher of hearts and reins is God" (Ps 7:10). And again: "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men" (Ps 93[94]:11) And he saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off" (Ps 138[139]:3). And: "The thoughts of man shall give praise to Thee" (Ps 75[76]:11). Therefore, in order that he may always be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother always say in his heart: "Then I shall be spotless before Him, if I shall keep myself from iniquity" (Ps 17[18]:24).
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are thus forbidden to do our own will, since the Scripture saith to us: "And turn away from thy evil will" (Sir 18:30). And thus, too, we ask God in prayer that His will may be done in us (cf Mt 6:10). We are, therefore, rightly taught not to do our own will, when we guard against what Scripture saith: "There are ways that to men seem right, the end whereof plungeth into the depths of hell" (Prov 16:25). And also when we are filled with dread at what is said of the negligent: "They are corrupted and become abominable in their pleasure" (Ps 13[14]:1). But as regards desires of the flesh, let us believe that God is thus ever present to us, since the Prophet saith to the Lord: "Before Thee is all my desire" (Ps 37[38]:10).
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 The Feast of the most Sacred Body of Christ..
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We must, therefore, guard thus against evil desires, because death hath his station near the entrance of pleasure. Whence the Scripture commandeth, saying: "Go no after thy lusts" (Sir 18:30). If, therefore, the eyes of the Lord observe the good and the bad (cf Prov 15:3) and the Lord always looketh down from heaven on the children of men, to see whether there be anyone that understandeth or seeketh God (cf Ps 13[14]:2); and if our actions are reported to the Lord day and night by the angels who are appointed to watch over us daily, we must ever be on our guard, brethren, as the Prophet saith in the psalm, that God may at no time see us "gone aside to evil and become unprofitable" (Ps 13[14]:3), and having spared us in the present time, because He is kind and waiteth for us to be changed for the better, say to us in the future: "These things thou hast done and I was silent" (Ps 49[50]:21).
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, when a man loveth not his own will, nor is pleased to fulfill his own desires but by his deeds carrieth our that word of the Lord which saith: "I came not to do My own will but the will of Him that sent Me" (Jn 6:38). It is likewise said: "Self-will hath its punishment, but necessity winneth the crown."
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that for the love of God a man subject himself to a Superior in all obedience, imitating the Lord, of whom the Apostle saith: "He became obedient unto death" (Phil 2:8.
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that, if hard and distasteful things are commanded, nay, even though injuries are inflicted, he accept them with patience and even temper, and not grow weary or give up, but hold out, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere unto the end shall be saved" (Mt 10:22). And again: "Let thy heart take courage, and wait thou for the Lord" (Ps 26[27]:14). And showing that a faithful man ought even to bear every disagreeable thing for the Lord, it saith in the person of the suffering: "For Thy sake we suffer death all the day long; we are counted as sheep for the slaughter" (Rom 8:36; Ps 43[44]:22). And secure in the hope of the divine reward, they go on joyfully, saying: "But in all these things we overcome because of Him that hath loved us" (Rom 8:37). And likewise in another place the Scripture saith: "Thou, O God, hast proved us; Thou hast tried us by fire as silver is tried; Thou hast brought us into a net, Thou hast laid afflictions on our back" (Ps 65[66]:10-11). And to show us that we ought to be under a Superior, it continueth, saying: "Thou hast set men over our heads" (Ps 65[66]:12). And fulfilling the command of the Lord by patience also in adversities and injuries, when struck on the one cheek they turn also the other; the despoiler of their coat they give their cloak also; and when forced to go one mile they go two (cf Mt 5:39-41); with the Apostle Paul they bear with false brethren and "bless those who curse them" (2 Cor 11:26; 1 Cor 4:12).
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, when one hideth from his Abbot none of the evil thoughts which rise in his heart or the evils committed by him in secret, but humbly confesseth them. Concerning this the Scripture exhorts us, saying: "Reveal thy way to the Lord and trust in Him" (Ps 36[37]:5). And it saith further: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, for His mercy endureth forever" (Ps 105[106]:1; Ps 117[118]:1). And the Prophet likewise saith: "I have acknowledged my sin to Thee and my injustice I have not concealed. I said I will confess against myself my injustice to the Lord; and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my sins" (Ps 31[32]:5).
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, when a monk is content with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him holdeth himself as a bad and worthless workman, saying with the Prophet: "I am brought to nothing and I knew it not; I am become as a beast before Thee, and I am always with Thee" (Ps 72[73]:22-23).
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, when, not only with his tongue he declareth, but also in his inmost soul believeth, that he is the lowest and vilest of men, humbling himself and saying with the Prophet: "But I am a worm and no man, the reproach of men and the outcast of the people" (Ps 21[22]:7). "I have been exalted and humbled and confounded" (Ps 87[88]:16). And also: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments" (Ps 118[119]:71,73).
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, when a monk doeth nothing but what is sanctioned by the common rule of the monastery and the example of his elders.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
For 2013 The Feast of the most Sacred Heart of Jesus.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, when a monk withholdeth his tongue from speaking, and keeping silence doth not speak until he is asked; for the Scripture showeth that "in a multitude of words there shall not want sin" (Prov 10:19); and that "a man full of tongue is not established in the earth" (Ps 139[140]:12).
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, when a monk is not easily moved and quick for laughter, for it is written: "The fool exalteth his voice in laughter" (Sir 21:23).
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheaded.
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that, when a monk speaketh, he speak gently and without laughter, humbly and with gravity, with few and sensible words, and that he be not loud of voice, as it is written: "The wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, when a monk is not only humble of heart, but always letteth it appear also in his whole exterior to all that see him; namely, at the Work of God, in the garden, on a journey, in the field, or wherever he may be, sitting, walking, or standing, let him always have his head bowed down, his eyes fixed on the ground, ever holding himself guilty of his sins, thinking that he is already standing before the dread judgment seat of God, and always saying to himself in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said, with his eyes fixed on the ground: "Lord, I am a sinner and not worthy to lift up mine eyes to heaven" (Lk 18:13); and again with the Prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled exceedingly" (Ps 37[38]:7-9; Ps 118[119]:107).
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God, which being perfect, casteth out fear (1 Jn 4:18). In virtue of this love all things which at first he observed not without fear, he will now begin to keep without any effort, and as it were, naturally by force of habit, no longer from the fear of hell, but from the love of Christ, from the very habit of good and the pleasure in virtue. May the Lord be pleased to manifest all this by His Holy Spirit in His laborer now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God. |
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office during the Night
Making due allowance for circumstances, the brethren will rise during the winter season, that is, from the calends of November till Easter, at the eighth hour of the night; so that, having rested till a little after midnight, they may rise refreshed. The time, however, which remains over after the night office (Matins) will be employed in study by those of the brethren who still have some parts of the psalms and the lessons to learn.
But from Easter to the aforesaid calends, let the hour for celebrating the night office (Matins) be so arranged, that after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, the morning office (Lauds), which is to be said at the break of day, may follow presently.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
During the winter season, having in the first place said the verse: Deus, in adjutorium meum intende; Domine, ad adjuvandum me festina, there is next to be said three times, Domine, labia mea aperies, et os meum annuntiabit laudem tuam (Ps 50[51]:17). To this the third psalm and the Gloria are to be added. After this the 94th psalm with its antiphon is to be said or chanted. Hereupon let a hymn follow, and after that six psalms with antiphons. When these and the verse have been said, let the Abbot give the blessing. All being seated on the benches, let three lessons be read alternately by the brethren from the book on the reading stand, between which let three responsories be said. Let two of the responsories be said without the Gloria, but after the third lesson, let him who is chanting say the Gloria. When the cantor beginneth to sing it, let all rise at once from their seats in honor and reverence of the Blessed Trinity.
Let the inspired books of both the Old and the New Testaments be read at the night offices, as also the expositions of them which have been made by the most eminent orthodox and Catholic Fathers.
After these three lessons with their responsories, let six other psalms follow, to be sung with Alleluia. After these let the lessons from the Apostle follow, to be said by heart, then the verse, the invocation of the litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And thus let the night office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Office Is to Be Said during the Summer Season
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night Office Is to Be Said on Sundays
For the night office on Sunday the monks should rise earlier. At this office let the following regulations be observed, namely: after six psalms and the verse have been sung, as we arranged above, and all have been properly seated on the benches in their order, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as we said above. In the fourth responsory only, let the Gloria be said by the chanter, and as soon as he beginneth it let all presently rise with reverence.
After these lessons let six other psalms with antiphons and the verse follow in order as before. After these let there be said three canticles from the Prophets, selected by the Abbot, and chanted with Alleluia. When the verse also hath been said and the Abbot hath given the blessing, let four other lessons from the New Testament be read in the order above mentioned. But after the fourth responsory let the Abbot intone the hymn Te Deum laudamus. When this hath been said, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, all standing with reverence and awe. When the Gospel hath been read let all answer Amen, and immediately the Abbot will follow up with the hymn Te decet laus, and when he hath given the blessing Lauds will begin.
Let this order of the night office be observed on Sunday the same way in all seasons, in summer as well as in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) the brethren should rise too late and part of the lessons or the responsories would have to be shortened. Let every precaution be taken that this does not occur. If it should happen, let him through whose neglect it came about make due satisfaction for it to God in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How Lauds Are to Be Said
At Lauds on Sunday, let the 66th psalm be said first simply, without an antiphon. After that let the 50th psalm be said with Alleluia; after this let the 117th and the 62d be said; then the blessing and the praises, one lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, the Ambrosian hymn, the verse and the canticle from the Gospel, the litany, and it is finished.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds Are to Be Said on Week Days
On week days let Lauds be celebrated in the following manner, to wit: Let the 66th psalm be said without an antiphon, drawing it out a little as on Sunday, that all may arriver for the 50th, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other psalms be said according to custom; namely, the 5th and the 35th on the second day, the 42d and the 56th on the third day, the 63rd and the 64th on the fourth day, the 87th and the 89th on the fifth day, the 75th and the 91st on the sixth day, and on Saturday the 142d and the canticle of Deuteronomy, which should be divided into two Glorias. On the other days, however, let the canticle from the Prophets, each for its proper day, be said as the Roman Church singeth it. After these let the psalms of praise follow; then one lesson from the Apostle, to be said from memory, the responsory, the Ambrosian hymn, the verse, the canticle from the Gospel, the litany, and it is finished.
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds Are to Be Said on Week Days (cont.)
Owing to the scandals which are wont to spring up, the morning and the evening office should, plainly, never end unless the Lord's Prayer is said in the hearing of all by the Superior in its place at the end; so that in virtue of the promise which the brethren make when they say, "Forgive us as we forgive" (Mt 6:12), they may cleanse themselves of failings of this kind.
At the other hours which are to be said, however, let only the last part of this prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil" (Mt 6:13).
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night Office Is to Be Said on the Feasts of the Saints
On the feasts of the saints and on all solemn festivals let the night office be performed as we said it should be done on Sunday; except that the psalms, the antiphons, and the lessons proper for that day be said; but let the number above mentioned be maintained.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At What Times the Alleluia Is to Be Said
From holy Easter until Pentecost let the Alleluia be said without intermission, both with the psalms and with the responsories; but from Pentecost until the beginning of Lent let it be said every night at the nocturns with the six latter psalms only. However, on all Sundays outside of Lent, let the canticles, Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, and None be said with Alleluia. Let Vespers, however, be said with the antiphon; but let the responsories never be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God Is to Be Performed during the Day
As the Prophet saith: "Seven times a day I have given praise to Thee" (Ps 118[119]:164), this sacred sevenfold number will be fulfilled by us in this wise if we perform the duties of our service at the time of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Complin; because it was of these day hours that he hath said: "Seven times a day I have given praise to Thee" (Ps 118[119]:164). For the same Prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to confess to Thee" (Ps 118[119]:62). At these times, therefore, let us offer praise to our Creator "for the judgments of His justice;" namely, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Complin; and let us rise at night to praise Him (cf Ps 118[119]:164, 62).
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How Many Psalms Are to Be Sung at These Hours
We have now arranged the order of the psalmody for the night and the morning office; let us next arrange for the succeeding Hours. At the first Hour let three psalms be said separately, and not under one Gloria. Let the hymn for the same Hour be said after the verse Deus, in adjutorium (Ps 69[70]:2), before the psalms are begun. Then, after the completion of three psalms, let one lesson be said, a verse, the Kyrie eleison, and the collects.
At the third, the sixth, and the ninth Hours, the prayer will be said in the same order; namely, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, the three psalms, the lesson, the verse, the Kyrie eleison, and the collects. If the brotherhood is large, let these Hours be sung with antiphons; but if small, let them be said without a break.
Let the office of Vespers be ended with four psalms and antiphons; after these psalms a lesson is to be recited, next a responsory, the Ambrosian hymn, a verse, the canticle from the Gospel, the litany, the Lord's Prayer, and the collects.
Let Complin end with the saying of three psalms, which are to be said straight on without an antiphon, and after these the hymn for the same Hour, one lesson, the verse, Kyrie eleison, the blessing, and the collects.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said
In the beginning let there be said the verse, Deus, in adjutorium meum intende; Domine, ad adjuvandum me festina (Ps 69[70]:2), and the Gloria, followed by the hymn for each Hour. At Prime on Sunday, then, there are to be said four sections of the 118th psalm. At the other Hours, however, namely Tierce, Sext, and None, let three sections of the same psalm be said. But at Prime on Monday let three psalms be said, namely, the first, the second, and the sixth; and thus each day at Prime until Sunday, let three psalms be said each time in consecutive order up to the 19th psalm, yet so that the ninth psalm and the 17th be each divided into two Glorias; and thus it will come about that at the night office on Sundays we always begin with the 20th psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext, and None, on Monday, however, let the nine sections which remain over the 118th psalm be said, three sections at each of these Hours. The 118th psalm having thus been parceled out for two days, namely, Sunday and Monday, let there be sung on Tuesday for Tierce, Sext, and None, three psalms each, from the 119th to the 127th, that is, nine psalms. These psalms will always be repeated at the same Hours in just the same way until Sunday, observing also for all these days a regular succession of the hymns, the lessons, and the verses, so, namely, that on Sunday the beginning is always made with the 118th psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Let Vespers be sung daily with the singing of four psalms. Let these psalms begin with the 109th to the 147th, excepting those which are set aside for the other Hours; namely, from the 117th to the 127th, and the 133d, and the 142d. All the rest are to be said at Vespers; and as the psalms fall three short, those of the aforesaide psalms which are found to be longer, are to be divided; namely, the 138th, the 143d, and the 144th. But because the 116th is short, let it be joined to the 115th. The order of the psalms for Vespers having thus been arranged let the rest, namely, the lessons, the responsories, the hymns, the verses, and the canticles, be said as we have directed above.
At Complin, however, let the same psalms be repeated every day; namely, the 4th, the 90th, and the 133d.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Having arranged the order of the office, let all the rest of the psalms which remain over, be divided equally into seven night offices, by so dividing such of them as are of greater length that twelve fall to each night. We especially impress this, that, if this distribution of the psalms should perchance displease anyone, he arrange them if he thinketh another better, by all means seeing to it that the whole Psalter of one hundred and fifty psalms be said every week, and that it always start again from the beginning at Matins on Sunday; because those monks show too lax a service in their devotion who in the course of a week chant less than the whole Psalter with is customary canticles; since we read, that our holy forefathers promptly fulfilled in one day what we lukewarm monks should, please God, perform at least in a week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angoulême, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Manner of Reciting the Psalter
We believe that God is present everywhere and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the bad in every place (cf Prov 15:3). Let us firmly believe this, especially when we take part in the Work of God. Let us, therefore, always be mindful of what the Prophet saith, "Serve ye the Lord with fear" (Ps 2:11). And again, "Sing ye wisely" (Ps 46[47]:Cool. And, "I will sing praise to Thee in the sight of the angels" (Ps 137[138]1). Therefore, let us consider how it becometh us to behave in the sight of God and His angels, and let us so stand to sing, that our mind may be in harmony with our voice.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If we do not venture to approach men who are in power, except with humility and reverence, when we wish to ask a favor, how much must we beseech the Lord God of all things with all humility and purity of devotion? And let us be assured that it is not in many words, but in the purity of heart and tears of compunction that we are heard. For this reason prayer ought to be short and pure, unless, perhaps it is lengthened by the inspiration of divine grace. At the community exercises, however, let the prayer always be short, and the sign having been given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
If the brotherhood is large, let brethren of good repute and holy life be chosen from among them and be appointed Deans; and let them take care of their deaneries in everything according to the commandments of God and the directions of their Abbot. Let such be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burden. Let them not be chosen for their rank, but for the merit of their life and their wisdom and knowledge; and if any of them, puffed up with pride, should be found blameworthy and, after having been corrected once and again and even a third time, refuseth to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be placed in his stead. We make the same regulation with reference to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks Are to Sleep
Let the brethren sleep singly, each in a separate bed. Let them receive the bedding befitting their mode of life, according to the direction of their Abbot. If it can be done, let all sleep in one apartment; but if the number doth not allow it, let them sleep in tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a light be kept burning constantly in the cell till morning.
Let them sleep clothed and girded with cinctures or cords, that they may be always ready; but let them not have knives at their sides whilst they sleep, lest perchance the sleeping be wounded in their dreams; and the sign having been given, rising without delay, let them hasten to outstrip each other to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and decorum. Let the younger brethren not have their beds beside each other, but intermingled with the older ones; and rising to the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another on account of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Faults
If a brother is found stubborn or disobedient or proud or murmuring, or opposed to anything in the Holy Rule and a contemner of the commandments of his Superiors, let him be admonished by his Superiors once and again in secret, according to the command of our Lord (cf Mt 18:15-16). If he doth not amend let him be taken to task publicly before all. But if he doth not reform even then, and he understandeth what a penalty it is, let him be placed under excommunication; but if even then he remaineth obstinate let him undergo corporal punishment.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the Manner of Excommunication Should Be
The degree of excommunication or punishment ought to be meted out according to the gravity of the offense, and to determine that is left to the judgment of the Abbot. If, however, anyone of the brethren is detected in smaller faults, let him be debarred from eating at the common table.
The following shall be the practice respecting one who is excluded from the common table: that he does not intone a psalm or an antiphon nor read a lesson in the oratory until he hath made satisfaction; let him take his meal alone, after the refection of the brethren; thus: if, for instance, the brethren take their meal at the sixth hour that brother will take his at the ninth, and if the brethren take theirs at the ninth, he will take his in the evening, until by due satisfaction he obtaineth pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
But let the brother who is found guilty of a graver fault be excluded from both the table and the oratory. Let none of the brethren join his company or speak with him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined on him, persevering in penitential sorrow, mindful of the terrible sentence of the Apostle who saith, that "such a man is delivered over for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord" (1 Cor 5:5). Let him get his food alone in such quantity and at such a time as the Abbot shall deem fit; and let him not be blessed by anyone passing by, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of Those Who without the Command of the Abbot Associate with the Excommunicated
If any brother presume to associate with an excommunicated brother in any way, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, without the command of the Abbot, let him incur the same penalty of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How Concerned the Abbot Should Be about the Excommunicated
Let the Abbot show all care and concern towards offending brethren because "they that are in health need not a physician, but they that are sick" (Mt 9:12). Therefore, like a prudent physician he ought to use every opportunity to send consolers, namely, discreet elderly brethren, to console the wavering brother, as it were, in secret, and induce him to make humble satisfaction; and let them cheer him up "lest he be swallowed up with overmuch sorrow" (2 Cor 2:7); but, as the same Apostle saith, "confirm your charity towards him" (2 Cor 2:8; and let prayer be said for him by all.
The Abbot must take the utmost pains, and strive with all prudence and zeal, that none of the flock entrusted to him perish. For the Abbot must know that he has taken upon himself the care of infirm souls, not a despotism over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the Prophet wherein the Lord saith: "What ye saw to be fat, that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased you threw away" (Ezek 34:3-4). And let him follow the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety-nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek the one that had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such pity, that He was pleased to lay it on His sacred shoulders and thus carry it back to the fold (cf Lk 15:5).
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of Those Who Having Often Been Corrected Do Not Amend
If a brother hath often been corrected and hath even been excommunicated for a fault and doth not amend, let a more severe correction be applied to him, namely, proceed against him with corporal punishment.
But if even then he doth not reform, or puffed up with pride, should perhaps, which God forbid, even defend his actions, then let the Abbot act like a prudent physician. After he hath applied soothing lotions, ointments of admonitions, medicaments of the Holy Scriptures, and if, as a last resource, he hath employed the caustic of excommunication and the blows of the lash, and seeth that even then his pains are of no avail, let him apply for that brother also what is more potent than all these measures: his own prayer and that of the brethren, that the Lord who is all-powerful may work a cure in that brother.
But if he is not healed even in this way, then finally let the Abbot dismiss him from the community, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from among you" (1 Cor 5:13); and again: "If the faithless depart, let him depart" (1 Cor 7:15); lest one diseased sheep infect the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether Brethren Who Leave the Monastery Ought to Be Received Again
If a brother, who through his own fault leaveth the monastery or is expelled, desireth to return, let him first promise full amendment of the fault for which he left; and thus let him be received in the last place, that by this means his humility may be tried. If he should leave again, let him be received even a third time, knowing that after this every means of return will be denied him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How Young Boys Are to Be Corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper discipline. Whenever, therefore, boys or immature youths or such as can not understand how grave a penalty excommunication is, are guilty of a serious fault, let them undergo severe fasting or be disciplined with corporal punishment, that they may be corrected.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
The Kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery Ought to Be
Let there be chosen from the brotherhood as Cellarer of the monastery a wise man, of settled habits, temperate and frugal, not conceited, irritable, resentful, sluggish, or wasteful, but fearing God, who may be as a father to the whole brotherhood.
Let him have the charge of everything, let him do nothing without the command of the Abbot, let him do what hath been ordered him and not grieve the brethren. If a brother should perchance request anything of him unreasonably let him not sadden the brother with a cold refusal, but politely and with humility refuse him who asketh amiss. Let him be watchful of his own soul, always mindful of the saying of the Apostle: "For they that have ministered well, shall purchase to themselves a good degree" (1 Tm 3:13). Let him provide for the sick, the children, the guests, and the poor, with all care, knowing that, without doubt, he will have to give an account of all these things on judgment day. Let him regard all the vessels of the monastery and all its substance, as if they were sacred vessels of the altar. Let him neglect nothing and let him not give way to avarice, nor let him be wasteful and a squanderer of the goods of the monastery; but let him do all things in due measure and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
The Kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery Ought to Be (cont.)
Above all things, let him be humble; and if he hath not the things to give, let him answer with a kind word, because it is written: "A good word is above the best gift" (Sir 18:17). Let him have under his charge everything that the Abbot hath entrusted to him, and not presume to meddle with matters forbidden him. Let him give the brethren their apportioned allowance without a ruffle or delay, that they may not be scandalized, mindful of what the Divine Word declareth that he deserveth who shall scandalize one of these little ones: "It were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea" (Mt 18:6).
If the community is large, let assistants be given him, that, with their help, he too may fulfil the office entrusted to him with an even temper. Let the things that are to be given be distributed, and the things that are to be gotten asked for at the proper times, so that nobody may be disturbed or grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Tools and Goods of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren on whose life and character he can rely, over the property of the monastery in tools, clothing, and things generally, and let him assign to them, as he shall deem proper, all the articles which must be collected after use and stored away. Let the Abbot keep a list of these articles, so that, when the brethren in turn succeed each other in these trusts, he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth back. If anyone, however, handleth the goods of the monastery slovenly or carelessly let him be reprimanded and if he doth not amend let him come under the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks Ought to Have Anything of Their Own
The vice of personal ownership must by all means be cut out in the monastery by the very root, so that no one may presume to give or receive anything without the command of the Abbot; nor to have anything whatever as his own, neither a book, nor a writing tablet, nor a pen, nor anything else whatsoever, since monks are allowed to have neither their bodies nor their wills in their own power. Everything that is necessary, however, they must look for from the Father of the monastery; and let it not be allowed for anyone to have anything which the Abbot did not give or permit him to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written. And let no one call or take to himself anything as his own (cf Acts 4:32). But if anyone should be found to indulge this most baneful vice, and, having been admonished once and again, doth not amend, let him be subjected to punishment.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether All Should Receive in Equal Measure What Is Necessary
It is written, "Distribution was made to everyone according as he had need" (Acts 4:35). We do not say by this that respect should be had for persons (God forbid), but regard for infirmities. Let him who hath need of less thank God and not give way to sadness, but let him who hath need of more, humble himself for his infirmity, and not be elated for the indulgence shown him; and thus all the members will be at peace.
Above all, let not the evil of murmuring appear in the least word or sign for any reason whatever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be placed under very severe discipline.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of the Aged and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus, lætantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of Those Who Commit a Fault in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of the Reception of Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10 :
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community(cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about. He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. André Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia.. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, Praesidius, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named Laetus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the Kinds or the Life of Monks
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmária.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Counsel
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Counsel (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man always have the fear of God before his eyes (cf Ps 35[36]:2), shunning all forgetfulness and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, that he always considereth in his mind how those who despise God will burn in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for those who fear God. And whilst he guardeth himself evermore against sin and vices of thought, word, deed, and self-will, let him also hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are thus forbidden to do our own will, since the Scripture saith to us: "And turn away from thy evil will" (Sir 18:30). And thus, too, we ask God in prayer that His will may be done in us (cf Mt 6:10). We are, therefore, rightly taught not to do our own will, when we guard against what Scripture saith: "There are ways that to men seem right, the end whereof plungeth into the depths of hell" (Prov 16:25). And also when we are filled with dread at what is said of the negligent: "They are corrupted and become abominable in their pleasure" (Ps 13[14]:1). But as regards desires of the flesh, let us believe that God is thus ever present to us, since the Prophet saith to the Lord: "Before Thee is all my desire" (Ps 37[38]:10).
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown."
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald,, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besancon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office during the Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel, and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, René Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord?s Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
For 2013 The Feast of our Lord Jesus Christ the King.
The vigil of the holy apostles Simon and Jude.
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed.
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be(cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God. The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while they were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table(cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction..
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
For 2013 The first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline..
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and Prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion(cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenæus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received(cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII Of the Order of the Community(cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmária, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and Poténtian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
In 2014 The Feast of the most holy Name of Jesus.
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiána. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimæus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nábor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8 :
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless she
uttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was
offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St.
Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Office Is to Be Said during the Summer Season
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night Office Is to Be Said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy, and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. St. Helladius, bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At What Times the Alleluia Is to Be Said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At What Times the Alleluia Is to Be Said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God Is to Be Performed during the Day
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Matthias the Apostle.
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical impiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent penÃtence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick.
Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of Those Who Are Excommunicated -- How They Make Satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaonia(which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmio, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regulátus, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of Brethren Who Work a Long Distance from the Oratory or Are on a Journey
The brethren who are at work too far away, and cannot come to the oratory at the appointed time, and the Abbot hath assured himself that such is the case -- let them perform the Work of God in the fear of God and on bended knees where they are working. In like manner let those who are sent on a journey not permit the appointed hours to pass by; but let them say the office by themselves as best they can, and not neglect to fulfil the obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrifÃcing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated.
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chionia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Sunday of the Passion.
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his penitential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Festival of the Seven Sorrows of the most blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
For 2014 Palm Sunday, when our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the prophecy of Zacharias, entered into Jerusalem, seated upon the foal of an ass, and was met by the multitude bearing palms.
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-April 15th
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of ServÃtes of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received(cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Lord's Supper, when Christ Jesus, the day before he was crucified for our salvation, gave to his disciples the mysteries of his Body and Blood, to be celebrated by them.
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurélius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-April 18th
Roman Martyrology-April 18th-on this date in various years-
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, St. Amadeo, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for his ardent love for God. His feast, together with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, blessed Apollonius, a senator under Emperor Commodus and the prefect Perennius. He was denounced as a Christian by one of his slaves, and being commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed an able work which he read in the Senate. He was nevertheless beheaded for Christ by their sentence.
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eleutherius, bishop of Illyria, and Anthia, his mother. He was famous for holiness of life and the power of miracles. During the reign of Hadrian, he was placed on a bed of red-hot iron, on a gridiron, in a vessel filled with boiling oil, pitch, and resin, and also cast to the lions; but remaining unhurt through all of this, they finally cut his throat with a sword. His mother suffered the same torments.
At Cordova, St. Perfectus, priest and martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors, because he argued against the sect of Mohammed and firmly insisted on the Catholic faith.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Corebus, the prefect, who was converted to the faith by St. Eleutherius, and died by the sword.
At Brescia, the martyr St. Calocerus, who was converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and who gloriously triumphed in the test of his confession, in the time of Hadrian.
At Milan, St. Galdini, cardinal bishop of that city, who at the very end of a sermon against heretics, gave up his soul to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for Aprl 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-April 19th
Roman Martyrology-April 19th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Timon, one of the first seven deacons, who was first a teacher at Berea. Afterwards, while preaching the word of the Lord at Corinth, he was delivered to the flames by the Jews and the Greeks, but remaining uninjured, he ended his martyrdom by crucifixion.
At Canterbury in England, St. Elphege, bishop and martyr.
At Melitine in Armenia, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galatas, all crowned on the same day.
At Collioure in Spain, the martyr St. Vincent.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Socrates and Denis, who were killed with spears.
At Jerusalem, the martyr St. Paphnutius.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo IX, illustrious for his virtues and his miracles.
At Antioch in Pisidia, St. George, a bishop, who died in exile for the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Lobbes in Belgium, the bishop St. Ursmar.
At Florence, St. Crescent, confessor, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Zenobius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-April 20th
Roman Martyrology-April 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, who were converted to the faith of Christ by the speeches and the miracles of the holy virgin Domitilla. Because they refused to sacrifice to the idols, they were beheaded by Anian, prefect of the city, in the persecution of Trajan.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severian, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antonine. They were converted to Christ by the miracles and the martyrdom of St. George, and because of their own dauntless confession of the faith, they were tortured in various ways under the Emperor Diocletian, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Tomis in Scythia, Bishop St. Theotimus, whose great sanctity and miracles procured him the respect even of unbelieving barbarians.
At Embrun in France, St. Marcellin, first bishop of that city. By divine inspiration he came from Africa with his holy companions Vincent and Domninus, and converted the greater portion of the inhabitants of the Maritime Alps by his preaching, and by the wonderful prodigies which he still continues to work.
At Auxerre, the priest St. Marcian.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, confessor, surnamed Trichinas, from the rough garment of hair which he wore. He was renowned for many miracles, but especially for his power over the demons. From his body issues a liquid that imparts health to the sick.
At Monte Pulciano, St. Agnes, a virgin of the Order of St. Dominic, celebrated for her miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
For 2014 On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Then the day of the month is announced and the Martyrology for the following day is read according to the usual manner.
Martyrology-April 21st
Roman Martyrology-April 21st-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury, England, St. Anselm, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning.
In Persia, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon. He was arrested by order of Sapor, king of Persia, loaded with irons, and presented to the iniquitous tribunals. As he refused to adore the sun, and openly and constantly bore testimony to Jesus Christ, he was confined for a long time in a dungeon with one hundred other confessors, some of whom were bishops. others priests, others clerics of various ranks.
Afterwards, Usthazanes, the king's foster-father, who had been converted from apostasy by Simeon, endured martyrdom with great constancy. The day after, which was the anniversary of our Lord's Passion, the companions of Simeon whom he had feelingly exhorted, were beheaded before his eyes, after which he met the same fate. With him suffered also several distinguished men: Abdechalas and Ananias, his priests, with Pusicius, the head of the royal workmen. This last having encouraged Ananias, who seemed to falter, died a cruel death, having his tongue drawn out through a perforation made in his neck. After him, his daughter, who was a consecrated virgin, was put to death.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Arator, a priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, who all died in prison.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Apollo, Isacius, and Codratus, who suffered under the Emperor Diocletian. The last of these was slain by the sword, and a few days later the other two died from starvation in prison,
meriting also the crown of martyrdom.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius the Sinaite, bishop.
At Wertingen in Bavaria, St. Conrad of Parzham, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, outstanding both for prayer and for love of neighbour. Being renowned for miracles, Pope Pius XI enrolled him among
the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-April 22nd
Roman Martyrology-April 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Soter, pope and martyr.
In the same city, Pope St. Caius, who was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, the Saints Apelles and Lucius, who were among the first disciples of Christ.
The same day, many holy martyrs who, the year following the death of St. Simeon, and on the anniversary of the Passion of our Lord, were put to the sword for the name of Christ throughout Persia, under King Sapor. Among those who then suffered for the faith were the eunuch Azades, a favorite of the king; Milles, a bishop renowned for sanctity and miracles; Bishop Acepsimas with one of his priests named James; also Aithalas and Joseph, priests; Azadan and Abdiesus, deacons, and many other clerics; Mareas and Bicor, bishop, with twenty other bishops, and nearly two hundred and fifty clerics; many monks and consecrated virgins, among whom was the sister of St. Simeon, called Tarbula, with her maid, who were both killed in a most cruel manner by being tied to stakes and sawn asunder.
Also in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, priests; Lucas and Mucius, deacons, whose triumph is related in the Acts of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of the martyr St. Leonides, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons in France, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, St. Epipodius, who was arrested with his companion Alexander, and after undergoing severe torments, completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, Pope St. Agapitus the First, whose sanctity was praised by St. Gregory the Great. His body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried in the Vatican.
At Sens, St. Leo, bishop and confessor.
At Anastasiopolis in Galatia, St. Theodore, a bishop well known for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-April 23rd
Roman Martyrology-April 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. George, whose illustrious martyrdom is honored by the Church of God among the triumphs of the other martyrs.
At Danzig in Prussia, the birthday of St. Adalbert, bishop of Prague, and martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and the Hungarians.
At Valence in France, the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus, deacons, who were sent there to preach the word of God by blessed Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. They converted the greater portion of that city to the faith of Christ. These martyrs were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius, were for a long time scourged, had their legs crushed, were bound to wheels in motion, and stifled with smoke while stretched on the rack, and finally died by the sword.
At Milan, St. Marolus, bishop and confessor.
At Toul in France, St. Gerard, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery(cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-April 24th
Roman Martyrology-April 24th-on this date in various years-
At Gruch in Switzerland, St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was sent there to preach the Catholic faith, but was put to death by the heretics. He was numbered among the holy martyrs by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Rome, St. Sabas, a military officer, who bravely confessed Christ before the judge when he was accused of visiting the Christians kept in prison. For this he was burned with torches and thrown into a cauldron of boiling pitch, out of which he came uninjured. Seventy men were converted to Christ at the sight of this miracle, and as they all remained unshaken in the confession of the faith, they were put to the sword. Sabas, however, completed his martyrdom by being cast into the river.
At Lyons in France, during the persecution of Antoninus Verus, the birthday of St. Alexander, martyr. After being imprisoned, he was so lacerated by the cruelty of those who scourged him, that his ribs and the interior of his body were exposed to view. Then he was fastened to the gibbet of the cross, on which he yielded up his blessed soul. Thirty-four others who suffered with him are commemorated on other days.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, all of whom were slain with the sword after enduring great torments.
In England, the death of St. Mellitus, bishop. He was sent there by St. Gregory, and he converted to the faith the East Saxons and their king.
At Elvira, in Spain, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
In Iona, an island of Scotland, St. Egbert, priest and monk, a man of admirable humility and continency.
At Rheims in France, the holy virgins Bona and Doda.
At Angers in France, St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, virgin and foundress of the Institute of the Good Shepherd Sisters, whom Pius XII, Sovereign Pontiff, enrolled among the number of the saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of St. Augustine, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whom the bishop St. Ambrose had instructed in the truth of the Catholic faith, and baptized on this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-April 25th
Roman Martyrology-April 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at St. Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of the apostle St. Peter. He wrote his gospel at the request of the faithful at Rome, and taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt and founded a church at Alexandria, where he was the first to preach Christ. Afterwards, being arrested for the faith, he was bound, dragged over stones, and endured great afflictions. Finally he was confined to prison, where, being comforted by the visit of an angel, and even by an apparition of our Lord himself, he was called to the heavenly kingdom in the eighth year of the reign of Nero.
Also at Alexandria, Bishop St. Anian, disciple of blessed Mark, and his successor in the episcopate. With a great renown for virtue, he rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, St. Stephen, bishop and martyr, who suffered a great deal from the heretics opposed to the Council of Chalcedon, and was cast into the river Orontes, in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the holy martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista.
At Lobbes in Belgium, the birthday of St. Ermin, bishop and confessor.
At Antioch, the deacons Saints Philo and Agathopodes, who were praised in the letters of blessed Ignatius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 26th
Roman Martyrology-April 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Cletus, the pope who governed the Church the second after the apostle St. Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 25th of October.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Basileus, bishop and martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom occurred under Emperor Licinius. His body was thrown into the sea, but was found by Elpidiphorus, through the reveleation of an angel, and was honorably buried.
At Braga in Portugal, St. Peter, martyr, the first bishop of that city.
At Vienne in France, St. Clarence, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lucidius, bishop.
In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor.
At Troyes in France, St. Exuperantia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-April 27th
Roman Martyrology-April 27th-on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Sunday in White, and the Octave of the Pasch.
St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and doctor of the Church, who departed to the Lord on the 21st of December.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of St. Anthimus, bishop and martyr, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by being beheaded for the faith. Nearly all his numerous flock followed him. The judge ordered some to be beheaded, others to be burned alive, others to be put in boats and sunk in the sea.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the Saints Castor and Stephen, martyrs.
At Bologna, St. Tertullian, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Theophilus, bishop.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, abbot, who was a disciple of St. Pachomius.
At Constantinople, the abbot St. John, who valiantly defended the veneration of sacred images, under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona in Spain, the blessed Peter Armengaudius, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives. He endured many tribulations in Africa in ransoming the faithful, and finally closed his career peacefully in the convent of St. Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Zita, a virgin renowned for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-April 28th
Roman Martyrology-April 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul of the Cross, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. He went to his repose in the Lord on the 18th of October.
At Ravenna, the birthday of St. Vitalis, martyr, father of the Saints Gervase and Protase. When he had taken up and reverently buried the body of blessed Ursicinus, he was arrested by the governor Paulinus, and after being racked and thrown into a deep pit, was covered with earth and stones, and by this kind of martyrdom went to Christ.
At Atino in Campania, St. Mark, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. He was the first to preach the Gospel to the Equicoli, and received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian, under the governor Maximus.
At Broussa in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Patrick, a bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Hungary, St. Pollio, martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, the martyr St. Valeria, who was the wife of St. Vitalis and the mother of Saints Gervase and Protase.
At Alexandria, the martyrdom of the virgin St. Theodora. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was sent to a place of debauchery; but one of the brethren, named Didymus, through the admirable providence of God, delivered her by quickly exchanging garments with her. He was afterwards beheaded and crowned with her in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Eustratius.
At Tarrazona in Spain, St. Prudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pamphilus, bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity towards the poor and the gift of miracles. His body was buried at Solmona.
At St. Laurent sur Sevres, in the diocese of Lucon, St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, confessor and founder of the Missionaries of the Company of Mary and the Sisters of Wisdom, a form of apostolic life. He was renowned for his preaching and devotion to the Blessed Mother, and was added to the number of the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 29th
Roman Martyrology-April 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, who was slain for the Catholic faith on the 6th day of April.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, renowned for her holy life and her miracles. She was inscribed among the canonized virgins by Pope Pius II. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos in Cyprus, St. Tychicus, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul, who called him in his Epistles, "most dear brother," "faithful minister," and "fellow-servant in the Lord".
At Pisa in Tuscany, the martyr St. Torpes, who filled a high office in the court of Nero, and was one of those of whom the apostle wrote from Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints salute you, especially those that are of the house of Caesar." For the faith of Christ, he was, by order of Satellicus, beaten, cruelly scourged, and delivered to the beasts to be devoured, but remained uninjured. He completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Cirta in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apapius and Secundinus, bishops, who, after a long exile in that city, added to the glory of their priesthood the crown of martyrdom. They suffered in the persecution of Valerian, during which the enraged Gentiles made every effort to shake the faith of the just. In their company suffered Aemilian, a soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, consecrated virgins, and a woman with her twin children.
In the island of Codyra, the seven holy thieves who were converted to Christ by St. Jason, and gained eternal life by martyrdom.
At Naples in Campania, Bishop St. Severus, who, among other prodigies, raised for a short time a dead man from the grave in order to convict of falsehood the lying creditor of a widow and her children.
At Brescia, St. Paulinus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny in France, St. Hugh Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesmes in France, St. Robert, the first abbot of the Cistercians.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 30th
Roman Martyrology-April 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, who on the previous day went to her heavenly Spouse.
At Saintes in France, blessed Eutropius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop and sent to France by St. Clement. After preaching for many years, he had his skull crushed for bearing testimony to Christ, and thus gained victory by his death.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Amator, a priest, Peter, a monk, and Louis.
At Novara, the martyrdom of the holy priest Laurence, and some boys whom he was teaching.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, a priest, and thirty martyrs.
At Lambesa in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marian, a lector, and James, a deacon. The former, after having successfully endured many trials for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Decius, was again arrested with his noble companions, and both were subjected to severe and cruel torments, during which they were twice miraculously comforted by heaven, but finally fell by the sword along with many others.
At Ephesus, the martyr St. Maximus, who received his crown during the persecution of Decius.
At Ferno in Piceno, St. Sophia, virgin and martyr.
At Evorea in Epirus, St. Donatus, a bishop, who was eminent for sanctity in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples in Campania, St. Pomponius, bishop.
At London in England, St. Erkenwald, a bishop celebrated for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, St. Joseph Cottolengo, confessor, founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, full of trust in God and remarkable for his charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, ?in honour preferring one another.? Let them most patiently endure one another?s infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-May 1st
Roman Martyrology-May 1st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of the blessed apostles Philip and James. Philip, after having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, went to Hieropolis, a city in Asia, where he was fastened to a cross and stoned, and thus ended his life gloriously. James, who is also called the brother of our Lord, was the first bishop of Jerusalem. Being hurled down from a pinnacle of the temple, his legs were broken, and being struck on the head with a dyer's staff, he expired and was buried near the temple.
At Rome, Pope St. Pius V of the Order of Preachers, who labored zealously and successfully for the re-establishment of church discipline, the stamping out of heresies, and the destruction of the enemies of the Christian name. He governed the Catholic Church by holy laws, and the example of a saintly life. His feast is observed on the fifth day of May.
In Egypt, St. Jeremias, prophet, who was stoned to death by the people at Taphnas, where he was buried. St. Epiphanius tells that the faithful were accustomed to pray at his grave, and to take away from it dust to heal those who were stung by serpents.
In France, in the Province of Vivarias, blessed Andeol, subdeacon, who was sent from the East into Gaul with others by St. Polycarp to preach the word of God. Under Emperor Severus he was scourged with thorny sticks, and having his head split with a wooden sword into four parts, in the shape of a cross, he completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy martyrs Orentius and Patience.
In the town of Columna, in the province of Orleans in France, the martyrdom of St. Sigismund, king of Burgundy. He met death by being drowned in a well, and was afterwards famous for his miracles. His venerable body was later recovered and taken to the monastery of Agaune in the diocese of Sitten where it was honorably entombed.
At Auxerre, St. Amator, bishop and confessor.
At Auch in France, Bishop St. Orientius.
At Llanelwy in Wales, Bishop St. Asaph, in whose memory the cathedral city was later named
At Forli, St. Peregrinus of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, St. Grata, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God?s protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May.
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the Kinds or the Life of Monks
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-May 13th
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostratus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: ?I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things.? Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: ?In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin?; and elsewhere: ?Death and life are in the power of the tongue.? For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
For 2014 At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
For 2014 At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. John Lateran.
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Vigil of the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ. and At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. Peter.
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
For 2014 On Mount Olivet, the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown."
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Vigil of Pentecost.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
For 2014 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheade
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night Office Is to Be Said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord?s Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say ?Forgive us as we forgive,? may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, ?But deliver us from evil.?
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints? Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Feast of the most Sacred Body of Christ.
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord?s Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: ?O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me,? and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.June 23rd Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years- The Vigil of St. John Baptist. At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius. Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles. At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more. At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ. At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him. At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII. In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards. And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins. R. Thanks be to God.[/font]
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angouleme, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord?s commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to bee (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
he reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Please note that this may be the last one for about a week. I am leaving on vacation tomorrow, and may not have much internet time/access until I get back home.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers..
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick..
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour(cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
Roman Martyrology-August 5-On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Communityy (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various
years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suXXXXion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. André Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, præsidius, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named lætus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord?s sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called ?Girovagi,? who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmária.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-September 20th
Roman Martyrology-September 20th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eustace, and Theopistes, his wife, with their two sons, Agapitus and Theopistus. Under Emperor Hadrian they were condemned to be cast to the beasts, but by the power of God they were uninjured by them, so they were shut up in a heated brazen ox, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicum, on the sea of Marmora, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evilasius and the virgin Fausta, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Fausta's head was shaved to shame her, and she was hung up and tortured by Evilasius, then a pagan priest. But when he wished to have her body cut in two, the executioners could not inflict any injury upon her. Amazed at this prodigy, Evilasius believed in Christ and was cruelly tortured by order of the emperor; at the same time Fausta had her head bored through and her whole body pierced with nails. She was then laid on a heated gridiron, and being called by a celestial voice, went in company with Evilasius to enjoy the blessedness of heaven.
In Phrygia, the holy martyrs Denis and Privatus.
Also St. Priscus, martyr, whose body was pierced throughout with daggers, after which he was beheaded.
At Pergen in Pamphylia, the Saints Theodore, his mother Philippa, and their fellow martyrs, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, under Emperor Maximian, St. Candida, virgin and martyr. After her body was lacerated by whips she was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, St. Clicerius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Agapitus I, pope and confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which he died on the 22nd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: ?I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded.? And again: ?It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments.?
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: ?The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.?
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besançon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel, and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, René Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy
of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The Martyrology for October 26, 2014 should also mention that it is the Feast of Christ the King.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Simon and Jude.
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed. [11/3 in 2014]
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while there were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen(cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river
with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
For 2014 The first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light
disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, ?in honour preferring one another.? Let them most patiently endure one another?s infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and Potentian.. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for this January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiána. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus, bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimaeus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
For 2015 Septuagesima Sunday, on which the canticle of the Lord, Alleluia, ceaseth to be said.
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless she
uttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was
offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy, and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
For 2015 The Day of Ashes, and the beginning of the most holy fast of Lent.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. Helladius , bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
[This actually should have been added to yesterday]
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.]
CHAPTER XIX. Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XX.
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical impiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XXI.
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXII.
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXIII.
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the perseuction of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus,, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent penÃtence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
For 2014 The Sunday of the Passion.
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick. Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaónia (which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmium, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
For 2015 Palm Sunday, when our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the prophecy of Zacharias, entered into Jerusalem, seated upon the foal of an ass, and was met by the multitude bearing palms.
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regulátus, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years-
For 2015 The Lord's Supper, when Christ Jesus, the day before he was crucified for our salvation, gave to his disciples the mysteries of his Body and Blood, to be celebrated by them.
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrifÃcing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
FYI: Although I post the Martyrology during the Triduum, it is not read during the Divine Office as happens during the rest of the year.
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chiónia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(Cont.
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
On Easter Sunday, before naming the day of the month
On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Then the day of the month is announced and the Martyrology for the following day is read according to the usual manner.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren(cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his penitential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
For 2015 The Sunday in White, and the Octave of the Pasch.
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-April 15th
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-April 18th
Roman Martyrology-April 18th-on this date in various years-
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, St. Amadeo, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for his ardent love for God. His feast, together with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, blessed Apollonius, a senator under Emperor Commodus and the prefect Perennius. He was denounced as a Christian by one of his slaves, and being commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed an able work which he read in the Senate. He was nevertheless beheaded for Christ by their sentence.
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eleutherius, bishop of Illyria, and Anthia, his mother. He was famous for holiness of life and the power of miracles. During the reign of Hadrian, he was placed on a bed of red-hot iron, on a gridiron, in a vessel filled with boiling oil, pitch, and resin, and also cast to the lions; but remaining unhurt through all of this, they finally cut his throat with a sword. His mother suffered the same torments.
At Cordova, St. Perfectus, priest and martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors, because he argued against the sect of Mohammed and firmly insisted on the Catholic faith.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Corebus, the prefect, who was converted to the faith by St. Eleutherius, and died by the sword.
At Brescia, the martyr St. Calocerus, who was converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and who gloriously triumphed in the test of his confession, in the time of Hadrian.
At Milan, St. Galdini, cardinal bishop of that city, who at the very end of a sermon against heretics, gave up his soul to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-April 19th
Roman Martyrology-April 19th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Timon, one of the first seven deacons, who was first a teacher at Berea. Afterwards, while preaching the word of the Lord at Corinth, he was delivered to the flames by the Jews and the Greeks, but remaining uninjured, he ended his martyrdom by crucifixion.
At Canterbury in England, St. Elphege, bishop and martyr.
At Melitine in Armenia, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galatas, all crowned on the same day.
At Collioure in Spain, the martyr St. Vincent.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Socrates and Denis, who were killed with spears.
At Jerusalem, the martyr St. Paphnutius.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo IX, illustrious for his virtues and his miracles.
At Antioch in Pisidia, St. George, a bishop, who died in exile for the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Lobbes in Belgium, the bishop St. Ursmar.
At Florence, St. Crescent, confessor, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Zenobius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-April 20th
Roman Martyrology-April 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, who were converted to the faith of Christ by the speeches and the miracles of the holy virgin Domitilla. Because they refused to sacrifice to the idols, they were beheaded by Anian, prefect of the city, in the persecution of Trajan.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severian, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antonine. They were converted to Christ by the miracles and the martyrdom of St. George, and because of their own dauntless confession of the faith, they were tortured in various ways under the Emperor Diocletian, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Tomis in Scythia, Bishop St. Theotimus, whose great sanctity and miracles procured him the respect even of unbelieving barbarians.
At Embrun in France, St. Marcellin, first bishop of that city. By divine inspiration he came from Africa with his holy companions Vincent and Domninus, and converted the greater portion of the inhabitants of the Maritime Alps by his preaching, and by the wonderful prodigies which he still continues to work.
At Auxerre, the priest St. Marcian.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, confessor, surnamed Trichinas, from the rough garment of hair which he wore. He was renowned for many miracles, but especially for his power over the demons. From his body issues a liquid that imparts health to the sick.
At Monte Pulciano, St. Agnes, a virgin of the Order of St. Dominic, celebrated for her miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-April 21st
Roman Martyrology-April 21st-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury, England, St. Anselm, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning.
In Persia, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon. He was arrested by order of Sapor, king of Persia, loaded with irons, and presented to the iniquitous tribunals. As he refused to adore the sun, and openly and constantly bore testimony to Jesus Christ, he was confined for a long time in a dungeon with one hundred other confessors, some of whom were bishops. others priests, others clerics of various ranks. Afterwards, Usthazanes, the king's foster-father, who had been converted from apostasy by Simeon, endured martyrdom with great constancy. The day after, which was the anniversary of our Lord's Passion, the companions of Simeon whom he had feelingly exhorted, were beheaded before his eyes, after which he met the same fate. With him suffered also several distinguished men: Abdechalas and Ananias, his priests, with Pusicius, the head of the royal workmen. This last having encouraged Ananias, who seemed to falter, died a cruel death, having his tongue drawn out through a perforation made in his neck. After him, his daughter, who was a consecrated virgin, was put to death.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Arator, a priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, who all died in prison.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Apollo, Isacius, and Codratus, who suffered under the Emperor Diocletian. The last of these was slain by the sword, and a few days later the other two died from starvation in prison, meriting also the crown of martyrdom.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius the Sinaite, bishop.
At Wertingen in Bavaria, St. Conrad of Parzham, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, outstanding both for prayer and for love of neighbour. Being renowned for miracles, Pope Pius XI enrolled him among the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-April 22nd
Roman Martyrology-April 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Soter, pope and martyr.
In the same city, Pope St. Caius, who was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, the Saints Apelles and Lucius, who were among the first disciples of Christ.
The same day, many holy martyrs who, the year following the death of St. Simeon, and on the anniversary of the Passion of our Lord, were put to the sword for the name of Christ throughout Persia, under King Sapor. Among those who then suffered for the faith were the eunuch Azades, a favorite of the king; Milles, a bishop renowned for sanctity and miracles; Bishop Acepsimas with one of his priests named James; also Aithalas and Joseph, priests; Azadan and Abdiesus, deacons, and many other clerics; Mareas and Bicor, bishop, with twenty other bishops, and nearly two hundred and fifty clerics; many monks and consecrated virgins, among whom was the sister of St. Simeon, called Tarbula, with her maid, who were both killed in a most cruel manner by being tied to stakes and sawn asunder.
Also in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, priests; Lucas and Mucius, deacons, whose triumph is related in the Acts of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of the martyr St. Leonides, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons in France, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, St. Epipodius, who was arrested with his companion Alexander, and after undergoing severe torments, completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, Pope St. Agapitus the First, whose sanctity was praised by St. Gregory the Great. His body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried in the Vatican.
At Sens, St. Leo, bishop and confessor.
At Anastasiopolis in Galatia, St. Theodore, a bishop well known for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-April 23rd
Roman Martyrology-April 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. George, whose illustrious martyrdom is honored by the Church of God among the triumphs of the other martyrs.
At Danzig in Prussia, the birthday of St. Adalbert, bishop of Prague, and martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and the Hungarians.
At Valence in France, the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus, deacons, who were sent there to preach the word of God by blessed Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. They converted the greater portion of that city to the faith of Christ. These martyrs were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius, were for a long time scourged, had their legs crushed, were bound to wheels in motion, and stifled with smoke while stretched on the rack, and finally died by the sword.
At Milan, St. Marolus, bishop and confessor.
At Toul in France, St. Gerard, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-April 24th
Roman Martyrology-April 24th-on this date in various years-
At Gruch in Switzerland, St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was sent there to preach the Catholic faith, but was put to death by the heretics. He was numbered among the holy martyrs by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Rome, St. Sabas, a military officer, who bravely confessed Christ before the judge when he was accused of visiting the Christians kept in prison. For this he was burned with torches and thrown into a cauldron of boiling pitch, out of which he came uninjured. Seventy men were converted to Christ at the sight of this miracle, and as they all remained unshaken in the confession of the faith, they were put to the sword. Sabas, however, completed his martyrdom by being cast into the river.
At Lyons in France, during the persecution of Antoninus Verus, the birthday of St. Alexander, martyr. After being imprisoned, he was so lacerated by the cruelty of those who scourged him, that his ribs and the interior of his body were exposed to view. Then he was fastened to the gibbet of the cross, on which he yielded up his blessed soul. Thirty-four others who suffered with him are commemorated on other days.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, all of whom were slain with the sword after enduring great torments.
In England, the death of St. Mellitus, bishop. He was sent there by St. Gregory, and he converted to the faith the East Saxons and their king.
At Elvira, in Spain, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
In Iona, an island of Scotland, St. Egbert, priest and monk, a man of admirable humility and continency.
At Rheims in France, the holy virgins Bona and Doda.
At Angers in France, St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, virgin and foundress of the Institute of the Good Shepherd Sisters, whom Pius XII, Sovereign Pontiff, enrolled among the number of the saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of St. Augustine, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whom the bishop St. Ambrose had instructed in the truth of the Catholic faith, and baptized on this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-April 25th
Roman Martyrology-April 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at St. Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of the apostle St. Peter. He wrote his gospel at the request of the faithful at Rome, and taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt and founded a church at Alexandria, where he was the first to preach Christ. Afterwards, being arrested for the faith, he was bound, dragged over stones, and endured great afflictions. Finally he was confined to prison, where, being comforted by the visit of an angel, and even by an apparition of our Lord himself, he was called to the heavenly kingdom in the eighth year of the reign of Nero.
Also at Alexandria, Bishop St. Anian, disciple of blessed Mark, and his successor in the episcopate. With a great renown for virtue, he rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, St. Stephen, bishop and martyr, who suffered a great deal from the heretics opposed to the Council of Chalcedon, and was cast into the river Orontes, in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the holy martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista.
At Lobbes in Belgium, the birthday of St. Ermin, bishop and confessor.
At Antioch, the deacons Saints Philo and Agathopodes, who were praised in the letters of blessed Ignatius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 26th
Roman Martyrology-April 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Cletus, the pope who governed the Church the second after the apostle St. Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 25th of October.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Basileus, bishop and martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom occurred under Emperor Licinius. His body was thrown into the sea, but was found by Elpidiphorus, through the reveleation of an angel, and was honorably buried.
At Braga in Portugal, St. Peter, martyr, the first bishop of that city.
At Vienne in France, St. Clarence, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lucidius, bishop.
In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor.
At Troyes in France, St. Exuperantia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-April 27th
Roman Martyrology-April 27th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and doctor of the Church, who departed to the Lord on the 21st of December.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of St. Anthimus, bishop and martyr, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by being beheaded for the faith. Nearly all his numerous flock followed him. The judge ordered some to be beheaded, others to be burned alive, others to be put in boats and sunk in the sea.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the Saints Castor and Stephen, martyrs.
At Bologna, St. Tertullian, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Theophilus, bishop.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, abbot, who was a disciple of St. Pachomius.
At Constantinople, the abbot St. John, who valiantly defended the veneration of sacred images, under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona in Spain, the blessed Peter Armengaudius, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives. He endured many tribulations in Africa in ransoming the faithful, and finally closed his career peacefully in the convent of St. Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Zita, a virgin renowned for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-April 28th
Roman Martyrology-April 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul of the Cross, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. He went to his repose in the Lord on the 18th of October.
At Ravenna, the birthday of St. Vitalis, martyr, father of the Saints Gervase and Protase. When he had taken up and reverently buried the body of blessed Ursicinus, he was arrested by the governor Paulinus, and after being racked and thrown into a deep pit, was covered with earth and stones, and by this kind of martyrdom went to Christ.
At Atino in Campania, St. Mark, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. He was the first to preach the Gospel to the Equicoli, and received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian, under the governor Maximus.
At Broussa in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Patrick, a bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Hungary, St. Pollio, martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, the martyr St. Valeria, who was the wife of St. Vitalis and the mother of Saints Gervase and Protase.
At Alexandria, the martyrdom of the virgin St. Theodora. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was sent to a place of debauchery; but one of the brethren, named Didymus, through the admirable providence of God, delivered her
by quickly exchanging garments with her. He was afterwards beheaded and crowned with her in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Eustratius.
At Tarrazona in Spain, St. Prudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pamphilus, bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity towards the poor and the gift of miracles. His body was buried at Solmona.
At St. Laurent sur Sevres, in the diocese of Lucon, St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, confessor and founder of the Missionaries of the Company of Mary and the Sisters of Wisdom, a form of apostolic life. He was renowned for his preaching and devotion to the Blessed Mother, and was added to the number of the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 29th
Roman Martyrology-April 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, who was slain for the Catholic faith on the 6th day of April.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, renowned for her holy life and her miracles. She was inscribed among the canonized virgins by Pope Pius II. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos in Cyprus, St. Tychicus, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul, who called him in his Epistles, "most dear brother," "faithful minister," and "fellow-servant in the Lord".
At Pisa in Tuscany, the martyr St. Torpes, who filled a high office in the court of Nero, and was one of those of whom the apostle wrote from Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints salute you, especially those that are of the house of Caesar." For the faith of Christ, he was, by order of Satellicus, beaten, cruelly scourged, and delivered to the beasts to be devoured, but remained uninjured. He completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Cirta in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apapius and Secundinus, bishops, who, after a long exile in that city, added to the glory of their priesthood the crown of martyrdom. They suffered in the persecution of Valerian, during which the enraged Gentiles made every effort to shake the faith of the just. In their company suffered Aemilian, a soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, consecrated virgins, and a woman with her twin children.
In the island of Codyra, the seven holy thieves who were converted to Christ by St. Jason, and gained eternal life by martyrdom.
At Naples in Campania, Bishop St. Severus, who, among other prodigies, raised for a short time a dead man from the grave in order to convict of falsehood the lying creditor of a widow and her children.
At Brescia, St. Paulinus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny in France, St. Hugh Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesmes in France, St. Robert, the first abbot of the Cistercians.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 30th
Roman Martyrology-April 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, who on the previous day went to her heavenly Spouse.
At Saintes in France, blessed Eutropius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop and sent to France by St. Clement. After preaching for many years, he had his skull crushed for bearing testimony to Christ, and thus gained victory by his death.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Amator, a priest, Peter, a monk, and Louis.
At Novara, the martyrdom of the holy priest Laurence, and some boys whom he was teaching.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, a priest, and thirty martyrs.
At Lambesa in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marian, a lector, and James, a deacon. The former, after having successfully endured many trials for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Decius, was again arrested with his noble companions, and both were subjected to severe and cruel torments, during which they were twice miraculously comforted by heaven, but finally fell by the sword along with many others.
At Ephesus, the martyr St. Maximus, who received his crown during the persecution of Decius.
At Ferno in Piceno, St. Sophia, virgin and martyr.
At Evorea in Epirus, St. Donatus, a bishop, who was eminent for sanctity in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples in Campania, St. Pomponius, bishop.
At London in England, St. Erkenwald, a bishop celebrated for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, St. Joseph Cottolengo, confessor, founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, full of trust in God and remarkable for his charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-May 1st
Roman Martyrology-May 1st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of the blessed apostles Philip and James. Philip, after having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, went to Hieropolis, a city in Asia, where he was fastened to a cross and stoned, and thus ended his life gloriously. James, who is also called the brother of our Lord, was the first bishop of Jerusalem. Being hurled down from a pinnacle of the temple, his legs were broken, and being struck on the head with a dyer's staff, he expired and was buried near the temple.
At Rome, Pope St. Pius V of the Order of Preachers, who labored zealously and successfully for the re-establishment of church discipline, the stamping out of heresies, and the destruction of the enemies of the Christian name. He governed the Catholic Church by holy laws, and the example of a saintly life. His feast is observed on the fifth day of May.
In Egypt, St. Jeremias, prophet, who was stoned to death by the people at Taphnas, where he was buried. St. Epiphanius tells that the faithful were accustomed to pray at his grave, and to take away from it dust to heal those who were stung by serpents.
In France, in the Province of Vivarias, blessed Andeol, subdeacon, who was sent from the East into Gaul with others by St. Polycarp to preach the word of God. Under Emperor Severus he was scourged with thorny sticks, and having his head split with a wooden sword into four parts, in the shape of a cross, he completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy martyrs Orentius and Patience.
In the town of Columna, in the province of Orleans in France, the martyrdom of St. Sigismund, king of Burgundy. He met death by being drowned in a well, and was afterwards famous for his miracles. His venerable body was later recovered and taken to the monastery of Agaune in the diocese of Sitten where it was honorably entombed.
At Auxerre, St. Amator, bishop and confessor.
At Auch in France, Bishop St. Orientius.
At Llanelwy in Wales, Bishop St. Asaph, in whose memory the cathedral city was later named
At Forli, St. Peregrinus of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, St. Grata, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May.
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
For 2015 At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
For 2015 At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. John Lateran.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-May 13th
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
For 2015 The Vigil of the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
For 2015 At Rome, the Lesser Litanies in the church of St. Peter.
St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
For 2015 On Mount Olivet, the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
For 2015 The Vigil of Pentecost.
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
For 2015 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
For 2015 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
For 2015 The Feast of the most Sacred Body of Christ.
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheaded.
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
For 2015 The Feast of the most Sacred Heart of Jesus.
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
At Complin, however, let the same psalms be repeated every day; namely, the 4th, the 90th, and the 133d.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angoulême, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus, lætantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Communityy (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. André Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, præsidius, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named lætus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmaria.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Modify message
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 19:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-September 20th
Roman Martyrology-September 20th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eustace, and Theopistes, his wife, with their two sons, Agapitus and Theopistus. Under Emperor Hadrian they were condemned to be cast to the beasts, but by the power of God they were uninjured by them, so they were shut up in a heated brazen ox, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicum, on the sea of Marmora, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evilasius and the virgin Fausta, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Fausta's head was shaved to shame her, and she was hung up and tortured by Evilasius, then a pagan priest. But when he wished to have her body cut in two, the executioners could not inflict any injury upon her. Amazed at this prodigy, Evilasius believed in Christ and was cruelly tortured by order of the emperor; at the same time Fausta had her head bored through and her whole body pierced with nails. She was then laid on a heated gridiron, and being called by a celestial voice, went in company with Evilasius to enjoy the blessedness of heaven.
In Phrygia, the holy martyrs Denis and Privatus.
Also St. Priscus, martyr, whose body was pierced throughout with daggers, after which he was beheaded.
At Pergen in Pamphylia, the Saints Theodore, his mother Philippa, and their fellow martyrs, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, under Emperor Maximian, St. Candida, virgin and martyr. After her body was lacerated by whips she was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, St. Clicerius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Agapitus I, pope and confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which he died on the 22nd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besançon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel, and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, René Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy
of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
And for October 25, 2015 The Feast of our Lord Jesus Christ the King.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Simon and Jude.
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed.
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Modify message
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while there were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen(cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river
with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
November 29 for 2015 The first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, ?in honour preferring one another.? Let them most patiently endure one another?s infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and Potentian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
For 2016 January 3 The Feast of the most holy Name of Jesus.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for this January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiana. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
For 2016 Septuagesima Sunday, on which the canticle of the Lord, Alleluia, ceaseth to be said.
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus, bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimaeus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless she
uttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was
offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Day of Ashes, and the beginning of the most holy fast of Lent.
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy, and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. Helladius , bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
For 2016, due to the leap year, the martyrology is:
The Vigil of St. Matthias the Apostle.
Also the commemoration of many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
For 2016, due to leap year, the martyrology is:
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Manner of Reciting the Psalter
We believe that God is present everywhere and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the bad in every place (cf Prov 15:3). Let us firmly believe this, especially when we take part in the Work of God. Let us, therefore, always be mindful of what the Prophet saith, "Serve ye the Lord with fear" (Ps 2:11). And again, "Sing ye wisely" (Ps 46[47]:8). And, "I will sing praise to Thee in the sight of the angels" (Ps 137[138]:1). Therefore, let us consider how it becometh us to behave in the sight of God and His angels, and let us so stand to sing, that our mind may be in harmony with our voice.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
For 2016 due to leap year the martyrology is:
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
For 2016, due to leap year, the martyrology is:
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical ímpiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
For 2016, due to leap year, the marytology is:
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 29th
Roman Martyrology-February 29th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 29:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the perseuction of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Sunday of the Passion.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus,, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent penitence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick. Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Lord's Supper, when Christ Jesus, the day before he was crucified for our salvation, gave to his disciples the mysteries of his Body and Blood, to be celebrated by them.
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaónia (which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmium, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Then the day of the month is announced and the Martyrology for the following day is read according to the usual manner.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regalado, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrifÃcing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chiónia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(Cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren(cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his penitential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-April 15th
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-April 18th
Roman Martyrology-April 18th-on this date in various years-
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, St. Amadeo, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for his ardent love for God. His feast, together with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, blessed Apollonius, a senator under Emperor Commodus and the prefect Perennius. He was denounced as a Christian by one of his slaves, and being commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed an able work which he read in the Senate. He was nevertheless beheaded for Christ by their sentence.
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eleutherius, bishop of Illyria, and Anthia, his mother. He was famous for holiness of life and the power of miracles. During the reign of Hadrian, he was placed on a bed of red-hot iron, on a gridiron, in a vessel filled with boiling oil, pitch, and resin, and also cast to the lions; but remaining unhurt through all of this, they finally cut his throat with a sword. His mother suffered the same torments.
At Cordova, St. Perfectus, priest and martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors, because he argued against the sect of Mohammed and firmly insisted on the Catholic faith.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Corebus, the prefect, who was converted to the faith by St. Eleutherius, and died by the sword.
At Brescia, the martyr St. Calocerus, who was converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and who gloriously triumphed in the test of his confession, in the time of Hadrian.
At Milan, St. Galdini, cardinal bishop of that city, who at the very end of a sermon against heretics, gave up his soul to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-April 19th
Roman Martyrology-April 19th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Timon, one of the first seven deacons, who was first a teacher at Berea. Afterwards, while preaching the word of the Lord at Corinth, he was delivered to the flames by the Jews and the Greeks, but remaining uninjured, he ended his martyrdom by crucifixion.
At Canterbury in England, St. Elphege, bishop and martyr.
At Melitine in Armenia, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galatas, all crowned on the same day.
At Collioure in Spain, the martyr St. Vincent.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Socrates and Denis, who were killed with spears.
At Jerusalem, the martyr St. Paphnutius.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo IX, illustrious for his virtues and his miracles.
At Antioch in Pisidia, St. George, a bishop, who died in exile for the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Lobbes in Belgium, the bishop St. Ursmar.
At Florence, St. Crescent, confessor, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Zenobius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-April 20th
Roman Martyrology-April 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, who were converted to the faith of Christ by the speeches and the miracles of the holy virgin Domitilla. Because they refused to sacrifice to the idols, they were beheaded by Anian, prefect of the city, in the persecution of Trajan.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severian, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antonine. They were converted to Christ by the miracles and the martyrdom of St. George, and because of their own dauntless confession of the faith, they were tortured in various ways under the Emperor Diocletian, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Tomis in Scythia, Bishop St. Theotimus, whose great sanctity and miracles procured him the respect even of unbelieving barbarians.
At Embrun in France, St. Marcellin, first bishop of that city. By divine inspiration he came from Africa with his holy companions Vincent and Domninus, and converted the greater portion of the inhabitants of the Maritime Alps by his preaching, and by the wonderful prodigies which he still continues to work.
At Auxerre, the priest St. Marcian.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, confessor, surnamed Trichinas, from the rough garment of hair which he wore. He was renowned for many miracles, but especially for his power over the demons. From his body issues a liquid that imparts health to the sick.
At Monte Pulciano, St. Agnes, a virgin of the Order of St. Dominic, celebrated for her miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-April 21st
Roman Martyrology-April 21st-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury, England, St. Anselm, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning.
In Persia, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon. He was arrested by order of Sapor, king of Persia, loaded with irons, and presented to the iniquitous tribunals. As he refused to adore the sun, and openly and constantly bore testimony to Jesus Christ, he was confined for a long time in a dungeon with one hundred other confessors, some of whom were bishops. others priests, others clerics of various ranks. Afterwards, Usthazanes, the king's foster-father, who had been converted from apostasy by Simeon, endured martyrdom with great constancy. The day after, which was the anniversary of our Lord's Passion, the companions of Simeon whom he had feelingly exhorted, were beheaded before his eyes, after which he met the same fate. With him suffered also several distinguished men: Abdechalas and Ananias, his priests, with Pusicius, the head of the royal workmen. This last having encouraged Ananias, who seemed to falter, died a cruel death, having his tongue drawn out through a perforation made in his neck. After him, his daughter, who was a consecrated virgin, was put to death.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Arator, a priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, who all died in prison.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Apollo, Isacius, and Codratus, who suffered under the Emperor Diocletian. The last of these was slain by the sword, and a few days later the other two died from starvation in prison, meriting also the crown of martyrdom.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius the Sinaite, bishop.
At Wertingen in Bavaria, St. Conrad of Parzham, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, outstanding both for prayer and for love of neighbour. Being renowned for miracles, Pope Pius XI enrolled him among the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-April 22nd
Roman Martyrology-April 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Soter, pope and martyr.
In the same city, Pope St. Caius, who was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, the Saints Apelles and Lucius, who were among the first disciples of Christ.
The same day, many holy martyrs who, the year following the death of St. Simeon, and on the anniversary of the Passion of our Lord, were put to the sword for the name of Christ throughout Persia, under King Sapor. Among those who then suffered for the faith were the eunuch Azades, a favorite of the king; Milles, a bishop renowned for sanctity and miracles; Bishop Acepsimas with one of his priests named James; also Aithalas and Joseph, priests; Azadan and Abdiesus, deacons, and many other clerics; Mareas and Bicor, bishop, with twenty other bishops, and nearly two hundred and fifty clerics; many monks and consecrated virgins, among whom was the sister of St. Simeon, called Tarbula, with her maid, who were both killed in a most cruel manner by being tied to stakes and sawn asunder.
Also in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, priests; Lucas and Mucius, deacons, whose triumph is related in the Acts of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of the martyr St. Leonides, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons in France, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, St. Epipodius, who was arrested with his companion Alexander, and after undergoing severe torments, completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, Pope St. Agapitus the First, whose sanctity was praised by St. Gregory the Great. His body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried in the Vatican.
At Sens, St. Leo, bishop and confessor.
At Anastasiopolis in Galatia, St. Theodore, a bishop well known for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-April 23rd
Roman Martyrology-April 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. George, whose illustrious martyrdom is honored by the Church of God among the triumphs of the other martyrs.
At Danzig in Prussia, the birthday of St. Adalbert, bishop of Prague, and martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and the Hungarians.
At Valence in France, the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus, deacons, who were sent there to preach the word of God by blessed Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. They converted the greater portion of that city to the faith of Christ. These martyrs were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius, were for a long time scourged, had their legs crushed, were bound to wheels in motion, and stifled with smoke while stretched on the rack, and finally died by the sword.
At Milan, St. Marolus, bishop and confessor.
At Toul in France, St. Gerard, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-April 24th
Roman Martyrology-April 24th-on this date in various years-
At Gruch in Switzerland, St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was sent there to preach the Catholic faith, but was put to death by the heretics. He was numbered among the holy martyrs by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Rome, St. Sabas, a military officer, who bravely confessed Christ before the judge when he was accused of visiting the Christians kept in prison. For this he was burned with torches and thrown into a cauldron of boiling pitch, out of which he came uninjured. Seventy men were converted to Christ at the sight of this miracle, and as they all remained unshaken in the confession of the faith, they were put to the sword. Sabas, however, completed his martyrdom by being cast into the river.
At Lyons in France, during the persecution of Antoninus Verus, the birthday of St. Alexander, martyr. After being imprisoned, he was so lacerated by the cruelty of those who scourged him, that his ribs and the interior of his body were exposed to view. Then he was fastened to the gibbet of the cross, on which he yielded up his blessed soul. Thirty-four others who suffered with him are commemorated on other days.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, all of whom were slain with the sword after enduring great torments.
In England, the death of St. Mellitus, bishop. He was sent there by St. Gregory, and he converted to the faith the East Saxons and their king.
At Elvira, in Spain, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
In Iona, an island of Scotland, St. Egbert, priest and monk, a man of admirable humility and continency.
At Rheims in France, the holy virgins Bona and Doda.
At Angers in France, St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, virgin and foundress of the Institute of the Good Shepherd Sisters, whom Pius XII, Sovereign Pontiff, enrolled among the number of the saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of St. Augustine, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whom the bishop St. Ambrose had instructed in the truth of the Catholic faith, and baptized on this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-April 25th
Roman Martyrology-April 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at St. Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of the apostle St. Peter. He wrote his gospel at the request of the faithful at Rome, and taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt and founded a church at Alexandria, where he was the first to preach Christ. Afterwards, being arrested for the faith, he was bound, dragged over stones, and endured great afflictions. Finally he was confined to prison, where, being comforted by the visit of an angel, and even by an apparition of our Lord himself, he was called to the heavenly kingdom in the eighth year of the reign of Nero.
Also at Alexandria, Bishop St. Anian, disciple of blessed Mark, and his successor in the episcopate. With a great renown for virtue, he rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, St. Stephen, bishop and martyr, who suffered a great deal from the heretics opposed to the Council of Chalcedon, and was cast into the river Orontes, in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the holy martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista.
At Lobbes in Belgium, the birthday of St. Ermin, bishop and confessor.
At Antioch, the deacons Saints Philo and Agathopodes, who were praised in the letters of blessed Ignatius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 26th
Roman Martyrology-April 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Cletus, the pope who governed the Church the second after the apostle St. Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 25th of October.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Basileus, bishop and martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom occurred under Emperor Licinius. His body was thrown into the sea, but was found by Elpidiphorus, through the reveleation of an angel, and was honorably buried.
At Braga in Portugal, St. Peter, martyr, the first bishop of that city.
At Vienne in France, St. Clarence, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lucidius, bishop.
In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor.
At Troyes in France, St. Exuperantia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-April 27th
Roman Martyrology-April 27th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and doctor of the Church, who departed to the Lord on the 21st of December.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of St. Anthimus, bishop and martyr, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by being beheaded for the faith. Nearly all his numerous flock followed him. The judge ordered some to be beheaded, others to be burned alive, others to be put in boats and sunk in the sea.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the Saints Castor and Stephen, martyrs.
At Bologna, St. Tertullian, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Theophilus, bishop.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, abbot, who was a disciple of St. Pachomius.
At Constantinople, the abbot St. John, who valiantly defended the veneration of sacred images, under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona in Spain, the blessed Peter Armengaudius, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives. He endured many tribulations in Africa in ransoming the faithful, and finally closed his career peacefully in the convent of St. Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Zita, a virgin renowned for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-April 28th
Roman Martyrology-April 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul of the Cross, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. He went to his repose in the Lord on the 18th of October.
At Ravenna, the birthday of St. Vitalis, martyr, father of the Saints Gervase and Protase. When he had taken up and reverently buried the body of blessed Ursicinus, he was arrested by the governor Paulinus, and after being racked and thrown into a deep pit, was covered with earth and stones, and by this kind of martyrdom went to Christ.
At Atino in Campania, St. Mark, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. He was the first to preach the Gospel to the Equicoli, and received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian, under the governor Maximus.
At Broussa in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Patrick, a bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Hungary, St. Pollio, martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, the martyr St. Valeria, who was the wife of St. Vitalis and the mother of Saints Gervase and Protase.
At Alexandria, the martyrdom of the virgin St. Theodora. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was sent to a place of debauchery; but one of the brethren, named Didymus, through the admirable providence of God, delivered her
by quickly exchanging garments with her. He was afterwards beheaded and crowned with her in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Eustratius.
At Tarrazona in Spain, St. Prudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pamphilus, bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity towards the poor and the gift of miracles. His body was buried at Solmona.
At St. Laurent sur Sevres, in the diocese of Lucon, St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, confessor and founder of the Missionaries of the Company of Mary and the Sisters of Wisdom, a form of apostolic life. He was renowned for his preaching and devotion to the Blessed Mother, and was added to the number of the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 29th
Roman Martyrology-April 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, who was slain for the Catholic faith on the 6th day of April.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, renowned for her holy life and her miracles. She was inscribed among the canonized virgins by Pope Pius II. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos in Cyprus, St. Tychicus, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul, who called him in his Epistles, "most dear brother," "faithful minister," and "fellow-servant in the Lord".
At Pisa in Tuscany, the martyr St. Torpes, who filled a high office in the court of Nero, and was one of those of whom the apostle wrote from Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints salute you, especially those that are of the house of Caesar." For the faith of Christ, he was, by order of Satellicus, beaten, cruelly scourged, and delivered to the beasts to be devoured, but remained uninjured. He completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Cirta in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apapius and Secundinus, bishops, who, after a long exile in that city, added to the glory of their priesthood the crown of martyrdom. They suffered in the persecution of Valerian, during which the enraged Gentiles made every effort to shake the faith of the just. In their company suffered Aemilian, a soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, consecrated virgins, and a woman with her twin children.
In the island of Codyra, the seven holy thieves who were converted to Christ by St. Jason, and gained eternal life by martyrdom.
At Naples in Campania, Bishop St. Severus, who, among other prodigies, raised for a short time a dead man from the grave in order to convict of falsehood the lying creditor of a widow and her children.
At Brescia, St. Paulinus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny in France, St. Hugh Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesmes in France, St. Robert, the first abbot of the Cistercians.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 30th
Roman Martyrology-April 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, who on the previous day went to her heavenly Spouse.
At Saintes in France, blessed Eutropius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop and sent to France by St. Clement. After preaching for many years, he had his skull crushed for bearing testimony to Christ, and thus gained victory by his death.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Amator, a priest, Peter, a monk, and Louis.
At Novara, the martyrdom of the holy priest Laurence, and some boys whom he was teaching.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, a priest, and thirty martyrs.
At Lambesa in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marian, a lector, and James, a deacon. The former, after having successfully endured many trials for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Decius, was again arrested with his noble companions, and both were subjected to severe and cruel torments, during which they were twice miraculously comforted by heaven, but finally fell by the sword along with many others.
At Ephesus, the martyr St. Maximus, who received his crown during the persecution of Decius.
At Ferno in Piceno, St. Sophia, virgin and martyr.
At Evorea in Epirus, St. Donatus, a bishop, who was eminent for sanctity in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples in Campania, St. Pomponius, bishop.
At London in England, St. Erkenwald, a bishop celebrated for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, St. Joseph Cottolengo, confessor, founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, full of trust in God and remarkable for his charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-May 1st
Roman Martyrology-May 1st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of the blessed apostles Philip and James. Philip, after having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, went to Hieropolis, a city in Asia, where he was fastened to a cross and stoned, and thus ended his life gloriously. James, who is also called the brother of our Lord, was the first bishop of Jerusalem. Being hurled down from a pinnacle of the temple, his legs were broken, and being struck on the head with a dyer's staff, he expired and was buried near the temple.
At Rome, Pope St. Pius V of the Order of Preachers, who labored zealously and successfully for the re-establishment of church discipline, the stamping out of heresies, and the destruction of the enemies of the Christian name. He governed the Catholic Church by holy laws, and the example of a saintly life. His feast is observed on the fifth day of May.
In Egypt, St. Jeremias, prophet, who was stoned to death by the people at Taphnas, where he was buried. St. Epiphanius tells that the faithful were accustomed to pray at his grave, and to take away from it dust to heal those who were stung by serpents.
In France, in the Province of Vivarias, blessed Andeol, subdeacon, who was sent from the East into Gaul with others by St. Polycarp to preach the word of God. Under Emperor Severus he was scourged with thorny sticks, and having his head split with a wooden sword into four parts, in the shape of a cross, he completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy martyrs Orentius and Patience.
In the town of Columna, in the province of Orleans in France, the martyrdom of St. Sigismund, king of Burgundy. He met death by being drowned in a well, and was afterwards famous for his miracles. His venerable body was later recovered and taken to the monastery of Agaune in the diocese of Sitten where it was honorably entombed.
At Auxerre, St. Amator, bishop and confessor.
At Auch in France, Bishop St. Orientius.
At Llanelwy in Wales, Bishop St. Asaph, in whose memory the cathedral city was later named
At Forli, St. Peregrinus of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, St. Grata, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
For 2016 On Mount Olivet, the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May.
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-May 13th
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Vigil of Pentecost.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
For 2016 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Feast of the most Sacred Body of Christ.
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Feast of the most Sacred Heart of Jesus.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheaded.
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
At Complin, however, let the same psalms be repeated every day; namely, the 4th, the 90th, and the 133d.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angoulême, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
he reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus,Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. André Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
he reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, Praesidius,, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named Laetus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmaria.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 19:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-September 20th
Roman Martyrology-September 20th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eustace, and Theopistes, his wife, with their two sons, Agapitus and Theopistus. Under Emperor Hadrian they were condemned to be cast to the beasts, but by the power of God they were uninjured by them, so they were shut up in a heated brazen ox, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicum, on the sea of Marmora, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evilasius and the virgin Fausta, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Fausta's head was shaved to shame her, and she was hung up and tortured by Evilasius, then a pagan priest. But when he wished to have her body cut in two, the executioners could not inflict any injury upon her. Amazed at this prodigy, Evilasius believed in Christ and was cruelly tortured by order of the emperor; at the same time Fausta had her head bored through and her whole body pierced with nails. She was then laid on a heated gridiron, and being called by a celestial voice, went in company with Evilasius to enjoy the blessedness of heaven.
In Phrygia, the holy martyrs Denis and Privatus.
Also St. Priscus, martyr, whose body was pierced throughout with daggers, after which he was beheaded.
At Pergen in Pamphylia, the Saints Theodore, his mother Philippa, and their fellow martyrs, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, under Emperor Maximian, St. Candida, virgin and martyr. After her body was lacerated by whips she was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, St. Clicerius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Agapitus I, pope and confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which he died on the 22nd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: ?God searcheth the heart and the reins.? And again ?The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men.? And he also saith: ?Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off?; and ?The thought of man shall confess to Thee.? In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: ?Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity.?
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besançon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel, and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, René Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy
of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Simon and Jude.
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Feast of our Lord Jesus Christ the King.
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed.
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
he reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while there were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
e reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen(cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: ?I was sick, and ye visited Me.? And, ?What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me.? And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot?s greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot?s power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: ?See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting.? And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river
with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
For 2017 The first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another?s misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and Poténtian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
For 2017 The Feast of the most holy Name of Jesus.
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
I am going to post the readings for today and tomorrow now and resume this on a regular basis.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
For 2018 The first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and PotÃntian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
For 2019 The Feast of the most holy Name of Jesus.
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for this January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
For 2016 The Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
For 2019 in 1962 Calendar The Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiana. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus, bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimaeus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Posting a few days ahead because I will be away for 2 or 3 days and may not have much internet time.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless she
uttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was
offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of ServÃtes of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy, and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
For 2019 Septuagesima Sunday, on which the canticle of the Lord, Alleluia, ceaseth to be said.
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. Helladius , bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
CHAPTER XIX. Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XX.
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical impiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XXI.
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXII.
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXIII.
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the perseuction of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
For 2019 The Day of Ashes, and the beginning of the most holy fast of Lent.
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus,, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent penÃtence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick. Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaónia (which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmium, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
This will be a busy week for me, and I will be traveling some days, so am posting this weeks readings either tonight or tomorrow.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regalado, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrifÃcing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chiónia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(Cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
For 2019 The Sunday of the Passion.
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren(cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his penitential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
For 2019 Palm Sunday, when our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the prophecy of Zacharias, entered into Jerusalem, seated upon the foal of an ass, and was met by the multitude bearing palms.
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-April 15th
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-April 18th
Roman Martyrology-April 18th-on this date in various years-
For 2019 The Lord's Supper, when Christ Jesus, the day before he was crucified for our salvation, gave to his disciples the mysteries of his Body and Blood, to be celebrated by them.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, St. Amadeo, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for his ardent love for God. His feast, together with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, blessed Apollonius, a senator under Emperor Commodus and the prefect Perennius. He was denounced as a Christian by one of his slaves, and being commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed an able work which he read in the Senate. He was nevertheless beheaded for Christ by their sentence.
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eleutherius, bishop of Illyria, and Anthia, his mother. He was famous for holiness of life and the power of miracles. During the reign of Hadrian, he was placed on a bed of red-hot iron, on a gridiron, in a vessel filled with boiling oil, pitch, and resin, and also cast to the lions; but remaining unhurt through all of this, they finally cut his throat with a sword. His mother suffered the same torments.
At Cordova, St. Perfectus, priest and martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors, because he argued against the sect of Mohammed and firmly insisted on the Catholic faith.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Corebus, the prefect, who was converted to the faith by St. Eleutherius, and died by the sword.
At Brescia, the martyr St. Calocerus, who was converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and who gloriously triumphed in the test of his confession, in the time of Hadrian.
At Milan, St. Galdini, cardinal bishop of that city, who at the very end of a sermon against heretics, gave up his soul to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-April 19th
The martyrology is omitted from the Office of Prime during the Truiddum.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-April 20th
The martyrology is omitted from the Office of Prime during the Truiddum.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-April 21st
The martyrology is omitted from the Office of Prime during the Truiddum.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Martyrology-April 22nd
Roman Martyrology-April 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Soter, pope and martyr.
In the same city, Pope St. Caius, who was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, the Saints Apelles and Lucius, who were among the first disciples of Christ.
The same day, many holy martyrs who, the year following the death of St. Simeon, and on the anniversary of the Passion of our Lord, were put to the sword for the name of Christ throughout Persia, under King Sapor. Among those who then suffered for the faith were the eunuch Azades, a favorite of the king; Milles, a bishop renowned for sanctity and miracles; Bishop Acepsimas with one of his priests named James; also Aithalas and Joseph, priests; Azadan and Abdiesus, deacons, and many other clerics; Mareas and Bicor, bishop, with twenty other bishops, and nearly two hundred and fifty clerics; many monks and consecrated virgins, among whom was the sister of St. Simeon, called Tarbula, with her maid, who were both killed in a most cruel manner by being tied to stakes and sawn asunder.
Also in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, priests; Lucas and Mucius, deacons, whose triumph is related in the Acts of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of the martyr St. Leonides, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons in France, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, St. Epipodius, who was arrested with his companion Alexander, and after undergoing severe torments, completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, Pope St. Agapitus the First, whose sanctity was praised by St. Gregory the Great. His body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried in the Vatican.
At Sens, St. Leo, bishop and confessor.
At Anastasiopolis in Galatia, St. Theodore, a bishop well known for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 22:
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CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-April 23rd
Roman Martyrology-April 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. George, whose illustrious martyrdom is honored by the Church of God among the triumphs of the other martyrs.
At Danzig in Prussia, the birthday of St. Adalbert, bishop of Prague, and martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and the Hungarians.
At Valence in France, the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus, deacons, who were sent there to preach the word of God by blessed Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. They converted the greater portion of that city to the faith of Christ. These martyrs were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius, were for a long time scourged, had their legs crushed, were bound to wheels in motion, and stifled with smoke while stretched on the rack, and finally died by the sword.
At Milan, St. Marolus, bishop and confessor.
At Toul in France, St. Gerard, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-April 24th
Roman Martyrology-April 24th-on this date in various years-
At Gruch in Switzerland, St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was sent there to preach the Catholic faith, but was put to death by the heretics. He was numbered among the holy martyrs by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Rome, St. Sabas, a military officer, who bravely confessed Christ before the judge when he was accused of visiting the Christians kept in prison. For this he was burned with torches and thrown into a cauldron of boiling pitch, out of which he came uninjured. Seventy men were converted to Christ at the sight of this miracle, and as they all remained unshaken in the confession of the faith, they were put to the sword. Sabas, however, completed his martyrdom by being cast into the river.
At Lyons in France, during the persecution of Antoninus Verus, the birthday of St. Alexander, martyr. After being imprisoned, he was so lacerated by the cruelty of those who scourged him, that his ribs and the interior of his body were exposed to view. Then he was fastened to the gibbet of the cross, on which he yielded up his blessed soul. Thirty-four others who suffered with him are commemorated on other days.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, all of whom were slain with the sword after enduring great torments.
In England, the death of St. Mellitus, bishop. He was sent there by St. Gregory, and he converted to the faith the East Saxons and their king.
At Elvira, in Spain, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
In Iona, an island of Scotland, St. Egbert, priest and monk, a man of admirable humility and continency.
At Rheims in France, the holy virgins Bona and Doda.
At Angers in France, St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, virgin and foundress of the Institute of the Good Shepherd Sisters, whom Pius XII, Sovereign Pontiff, enrolled among the number of the saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of St. Augustine, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whom the bishop St. Ambrose had instructed in the truth of the Catholic faith, and baptized on this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-April 25th
Roman Martyrology-April 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at St. Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of the apostle St. Peter. He wrote his gospel at the request of the faithful at Rome, and taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt and founded a church at Alexandria, where he was the first to preach Christ. Afterwards, being arrested for the faith, he was bound, dragged over stones, and endured great afflictions. Finally he was confined to prison, where, being comforted by the visit of an angel, and even by an apparition of our Lord himself, he was called to the heavenly kingdom in the eighth year of the reign of Nero.
Also at Alexandria, Bishop St. Anian, disciple of blessed Mark, and his successor in the episcopate. With a great renown for virtue, he rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, St. Stephen, bishop and martyr, who suffered a great deal from the heretics opposed to the Council of Chalcedon, and was cast into the river Orontes, in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the holy martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista.
At Lobbes in Belgium, the birthday of St. Ermin, bishop and confessor.
At Antioch, the deacons Saints Philo and Agathopodes, who were praised in the letters of blessed Ignatius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 26th
Roman Martyrology-April 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Cletus, the pope who governed the Church the second after the apostle St. Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 25th of October.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Basileus, bishop and martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom occurred under Emperor Licinius. His body was thrown into the sea, but was found by Elpidiphorus, through the reveleation of an angel, and was honorably buried.
At Braga in Portugal, St. Peter, martyr, the first bishop of that city.
At Vienne in France, St. Clarence, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lucidius, bishop.
In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor.
At Troyes in France, St. Exuperantia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-April 27th
Roman Martyrology-April 27th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and doctor of the Church, who departed to the Lord on the 21st of December.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of St. Anthimus, bishop and martyr, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by being beheaded for the faith. Nearly all his numerous flock followed him. The judge ordered some to be beheaded, others to be burned alive, others to be put in boats and sunk in the sea.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the Saints Castor and Stephen, martyrs.
At Bologna, St. Tertullian, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Theophilus, bishop.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, abbot, who was a disciple of St. Pachomius.
At Constantinople, the abbot St. John, who valiantly defended the veneration of sacred images, under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona in Spain, the blessed Peter Armengaudius, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives. He endured many tribulations in Africa in ransoming the faithful, and finally closed his career peacefully in the convent of St. Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Zita, a virgin renowned for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 27:
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CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-April 28th
Roman Martyrology-April 28th-on this date in various years-
For 2019 [/size]The Sunday in White, and the Octave of the Pasch.[/size][/font]
St. Paul of the Cross, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. He went to his repose in the Lord on the 18th of October.
At Ravenna, the birthday of St. Vitalis, martyr, father of the Saints Gervase and Protase. When he had taken up and reverently buried the body of blessed Ursicinus, he was arrested by the governor Paulinus, and after being racked and thrown into a deep pit, was covered with earth and stones, and by this kind of martyrdom went to Christ.
At Atino in Campania, St. Mark, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. He was the first to preach the Gospel to the Equicoli, and received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian, under the governor Maximus.
At Broussa in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Patrick, a bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Hungary, St. Pollio, martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, the martyr St. Valeria, who was the wife of St. Vitalis and the mother of Saints Gervase and Protase.
At Alexandria, the martyrdom of the virgin St. Theodora. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was sent to a place of debauchery; but one of the brethren, named Didymus, through the admirable providence of God, delivered her
by quickly exchanging garments with her. He was afterwards beheaded and crowned with her in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Eustratius.
At Tarrazona in Spain, St. Prudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pamphilus, bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity towards the poor and the gift of miracles. His body was buried at Solmona.
At St. Laurent sur Sevres, in the diocese of Lucon, St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, confessor and founder of the Missionaries of the Company of Mary and the Sisters of Wisdom, a form of apostolic life. He was renowned for his preaching and devotion to the Blessed Mother, and was added to the number of the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 29th
Roman Martyrology-April 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, who was slain for the Catholic faith on the 6th day of April.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, renowned for her holy life and her miracles. She was inscribed among the canonized virgins by Pope Pius II. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos in Cyprus, St. Tychicus, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul, who called him in his Epistles, "most dear brother," "faithful minister," and "fellow-servant in the Lord".
At Pisa in Tuscany, the martyr St. Torpes, who filled a high office in the court of Nero, and was one of those of whom the apostle wrote from Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints salute you, especially those that are of the house of Caesar." For the faith of Christ, he was, by order of Satellicus, beaten, cruelly scourged, and delivered to the beasts to be devoured, but remained uninjured. He completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Cirta in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apapius and Secundinus, bishops, who, after a long exile in that city, added to the glory of their priesthood the crown of martyrdom. They suffered in the persecution of Valerian, during which the enraged Gentiles made every effort to shake the faith of the just. In their company suffered Aemilian, a soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, consecrated virgins, and a woman with her twin children.
In the island of Codyra, the seven holy thieves who were converted to Christ by St. Jason, and gained eternal life by martyrdom.
At Naples in Campania, Bishop St. Severus, who, among other prodigies, raised for a short time a dead man from the grave in order to convict of falsehood the lying creditor of a widow and her children.
At Brescia, St. Paulinus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny in France, St. Hugh Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesmes in France, St. Robert, the first abbot of the Cistercians.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 30th
Roman Martyrology-April 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, who on the previous day went to her heavenly Spouse.
At Saintes in France, blessed Eutropius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop and sent to France by St. Clement. After preaching for many years, he had his skull crushed for bearing testimony to Christ, and thus gained victory by his death.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Amator, a priest, Peter, a monk, and Louis.
At Novara, the martyrdom of the holy priest Laurence, and some boys whom he was teaching.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, a priest, and thirty martyrs.
At Lambesa in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marian, a lector, and James, a deacon. The former, after having successfully endured many trials for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Decius, was again arrested with his noble companions, and both were subjected to severe and cruel torments, during which they were twice miraculously comforted by heaven, but finally fell by the sword along with many others.
At Ephesus, the martyr St. Maximus, who received his crown during the persecution of Decius.
At Ferno in Piceno, St. Sophia, virgin and martyr.
At Evorea in Epirus, St. Donatus, a bishop, who was eminent for sanctity in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples in Campania, St. Pomponius, bishop.
At London in England, St. Erkenwald, a bishop celebrated for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, St. Joseph Cottolengo, confessor, founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, full of trust in God and remarkable for his charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, ?in honour preferring one another.? Let them most patiently endure one another?s infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-May 1st
Roman Martyrology-May 1st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of the blessed apostles Philip and James. Philip, after having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, went to Hieropolis, a city in Asia, where he was fastened to a cross and stoned, and thus ended his life gloriously. James, who is also called the brother of our Lord, was the first bishop of Jerusalem. Being hurled down from a pinnacle of the temple, his legs were broken, and being struck on the head with a dyer's staff, he expired and was buried near the temple.
At Rome, Pope St. Pius V of the Order of Preachers, who labored zealously and successfully for the re-establishment of church discipline, the stamping out of heresies, and the destruction of the enemies of the Christian name. He governed the Catholic Church by holy laws, and the example of a saintly life. His feast is observed on the fifth day of May.
In Egypt, St. Jeremias, prophet, who was stoned to death by the people at Taphnas, where he was buried. St. Epiphanius tells that the faithful were accustomed to pray at his grave, and to take away from it dust to heal those who were stung by serpents.
In France, in the Province of Vivarias, blessed Andeol, subdeacon, who was sent from the East into Gaul with others by St. Polycarp to preach the word of God. Under Emperor Severus he was scourged with thorny sticks, and having his head split with a wooden sword into four parts, in the shape of a cross, he completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy martyrs Orentius and Patience.
In the town of Columna, in the province of Orleans in France, the martyrdom of St. Sigismund, king of Burgundy. He met death by being drowned in a well, and was afterwards famous for his miracles. His venerable body was later recovered and taken to the monastery of Agaune in the diocese of Sitten where it was honorably entombed.
At Auxerre, St. Amator, bishop and confessor.
At Auch in France, Bishop St. Orientius.
At Llanelwy in Wales, Bishop St. Asaph, in whose memory the cathedral city was later named
At Forli, St. Peregrinus of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, St. Grata, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God?s protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
[size=78%]Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May. [/size]
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: ?Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?? After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: ?He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:? he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: ?Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory.? So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: ?By the grace of God I am what I am.? And again he saith: ?He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.?
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: ?He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock.? And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: ?Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?? For the merciful Lord saith: ?I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live.?
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord?s service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God?s commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord?s sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called ?Girovagi,? who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: ?Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father.? And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: ?I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me.? And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: ?Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee.? And again: ?Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother?s eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own??
Martyrology-May 13th
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, ?For with God there is no respecting of persons.? Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: ?Reprove, entreat, rebuke?; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: ?The fool is not corrected with words.? And again ?Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death.?
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: ?Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you.? And again: ?Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him.?
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men?s account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot?s discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: ?Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it.?
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one?s heart, all one?s soul, and all one?s strength.
2. Then one?s neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one?s heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one?s enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice?s sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one?s hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one?s eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one?s life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one?s evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one?s spiritual father.
52. To keep one?s mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one?s past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one?s own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: ?What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not.?
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one?s deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one?s enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God?s mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - ?which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him.? And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: ?At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me.? And again, to teachers He saith: ?He that heareth you heareth Me.?
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: ?Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life?; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: ?I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me.?
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: ?He that heareth you, heareth Me.? And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because ?God loveth a cheerful giver.? For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: ?I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things.? Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: ?In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin?; and elsewhere: ?Death and life are in the power of the tongue.? For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: ?Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted.? In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: ?Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me.? For why? ?If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul.? Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: ?God searcheth the heart and the reins.? And again ?The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men.? And he also saith: ?Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off?; and ?The thought of man shall confess to Thee.? In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: ?Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity.?
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: ?There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell?; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: ?They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures.? And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: ?O Lord, all my desire is before Thee.?
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
For 2019 On Mount Olivet, the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ??Go not after thy concupiscences.? Since, therefore, ?The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil,? and ?The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: ?These things thou didst and I held my peace.?
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: ?I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me.? And again Scripture saith: ?Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown.? *
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: ?He was made obedient even unto death.?
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: ?He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved.? And again: ?Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord.? And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: ?For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter.? And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: ?But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us.? And so in another place Scripture saith: ?Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs.? And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: ?Thou hast placed men over our heads.? Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one?s Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one?s heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: ?Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him.? And again: ?Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever.? So also the prophet saith: ?I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart.?
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: ?I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee.?
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: ?I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded.? And again: ?It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments.?
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: ?In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin?: and, ?The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth.?
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
June 8, For 2019
The Vigil of Pentecost.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: ?The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.?
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
For 2019 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheaded.
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: ?A wise man is known by the fewness of his words.?
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: ?Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven.? And again, with the prophet: ?I am bowed down and humbled on every side.?
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, ?O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me,? with the Gloria, let the words, ?O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise,? be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
For 2019 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord?s Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say ?Forgive us as we forgive,? may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, ?But deliver us from evil.?
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints? Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
For 2019 The Feast of the most Sacred Body of Christ.
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: ?Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee.? And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: ?Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee?; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: ?At midnight I arose to give Thee praise.? At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord?s Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: ?O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me,? and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
At Complin, however, let the same psalms be repeated every day; namely, the 4th, the 90th, and the 133d.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angoulême, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
For 2019 The Feast of the most Sacred Heart of Jesus.
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. Andrà Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, Praesidius,, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named Laetus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmaria.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 19:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-September 20th
Roman Martyrology-September 20th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eustace, and Theopistes, his wife, with their two sons, Agapitus and Theopistus. Under Emperor Hadrian they were condemned to be cast to the beasts, but by the power of God they were uninjured by them, so they were shut up in a heated brazen ox, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicum, on the sea of Marmora, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evilasius and the virgin Fausta, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Fausta's head was shaved to shame her, and she was hung up and tortured by Evilasius, then a pagan priest. But when he wished to have her body cut in two, the executioners could not inflict any injury upon her. Amazed at this prodigy, Evilasius believed in Christ and was cruelly tortured by order of the emperor; at the same time Fausta had her head bored through and her whole body pierced with nails. She was then laid on a heated gridiron, and being called by a celestial voice, went in company with Evilasius to enjoy the blessedness of heaven.
In Phrygia, the holy martyrs Denis and Privatus.
Also St. Priscus, martyr, whose body was pierced throughout with daggers, after which he was beheaded.
At Pergen in Pamphylia, the Saints Theodore, his mother Philippa, and their fellow martyrs, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, under Emperor Maximian, St. Candida, virgin and martyr. After her body was lacerated by whips she was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, St. Clicerius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Agapitus I, pope and confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which he died on the 22nd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besançon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel, and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, Renà Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy
of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
For 2019 The Feast of our Lord Jesus Christ the King.
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed.
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while there were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen(cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river
with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
For 2019 The first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
he reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and PotÃntian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for this January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiana. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus, bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimaeus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: ?A wise man is known by the fewness of his words.?
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
For 2020 Septuagesima Sunday, on which the canticle of the Lord, Alleluia, ceaseth to be said.
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless she
uttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was
offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy, and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. Helladius , bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
For 2020, due to the leap year, the martyrology is:
The Vigil of St. Matthias the Apostle.
Also the commemoration of many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
For 2020, due to leap year, the martyrology is:
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Manner of Reciting the Psalter
We believe that God is present everywhere and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the bad in every place (cf Prov 15:3). Let us firmly believe this, especially when we take part in the Work of God. Let us, therefore, always be mindful of what the Prophet saith, "Serve ye the Lord with fear" (Ps 2:11). And again, "Sing ye wisely" (Ps 46[47]:8). And, "I will sing praise to Thee in the sight of the angels" (Ps 137[138]:1). Therefore, let us consider how it becometh us to behave in the sight of God and His angels, and let us so stand to sing, that our mind may be in harmony with our voice.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Day of Ashes, and the beginning of the most holy fast of Lent.
For 2020 due to leap year the martyrology is:
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
For 2020, due to leap year, the martyrology is:
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical ímpiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
For 2020, due to leap year, the marytology is:
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 29th
Roman Martyrology-February 29th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 29:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the perseuction of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus,, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent penÃtence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick. Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaónia (which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmium, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Sunday of the Passion.
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regalado, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrifÃcing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
For 2020 Palm Sunday,when our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the prophecy of Zacharias, entered into Jerusalem, seated upon the foal of an ass, and was met by the multitude bearing palms.
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chiónia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(Cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren(cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Lord's Supper, when Christ Jesus, the day before he was crucified for our salvation, gave to his disciples the mysteries of his Body and Blood, to be celebrated by them.
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Note for 2020 Although I am posting the martyrology, it is not read in the Office of Prime during the triduum.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his penitential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
For 2020 On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-April 15th
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-April 18th
Roman Martyrology-April 18th-on this date in various years-
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, St. Amadeo, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for his ardent love for God. His feast, together with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, blessed Apollonius, a senator under Emperor Commodus and the prefect Perennius. He was denounced as a Christian by one of his slaves, and being commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed an able work which he read in the Senate. He was nevertheless beheaded for Christ by their sentence.
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eleutherius, bishop of Illyria, and Anthia, his mother. He was famous for holiness of life and the power of miracles. During the reign of Hadrian, he was placed on a bed of red-hot iron, on a gridiron, in a vessel filled with boiling oil, pitch, and resin, and also cast to the lions; but remaining unhurt through all of this, they finally cut his throat with a sword. His mother suffered the same torments.
At Cordova, St. Perfectus, priest and martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors, because he argued against the sect of Mohammed and firmly insisted on the Catholic faith.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Corebus, the prefect, who was converted to the faith by St. Eleutherius, and died by the sword.
At Brescia, the martyr St. Calocerus, who was converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and who gloriously triumphed in the test of his confession, in the time of Hadrian.
At Milan, St. Galdini, cardinal bishop of that city, who at the very end of a sermon against heretics, gave up his soul to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-April 19th
Roman Martyrology-April 19th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Timon, one of the first seven deacons, who was first a teacher at Berea. Afterwards, while preaching the word of the Lord at Corinth, he was delivered to the flames by the Jews and the Greeks, but remaining uninjured, he ended his martyrdom by crucifixion.
At Canterbury in England, St. Elphege, bishop and martyr.
At Melitine in Armenia, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galatas, all crowned on the same day.
At Collioure in Spain, the martyr St. Vincent.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Socrates and Denis, who were killed with spears.
At Jerusalem, the martyr St. Paphnutius.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo IX, illustrious for his virtues and his miracles.
At Antioch in Pisidia, St. George, a bishop, who died in exile for the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Lobbes in Belgium, the bishop St. Ursmar.
At Florence, St. Crescent, confessor, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Zenobius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-April 20th
Roman Martyrology-April 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, who were converted to the faith of Christ by the speeches and the miracles of the holy virgin Domitilla. Because they refused to sacrifice to the idols, they were beheaded by Anian, prefect of the city, in the persecution of Trajan.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severian, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antonine. They were converted to Christ by the miracles and the martyrdom of St. George, and because of their own dauntless confession of the faith, they were tortured in various ways under the Emperor Diocletian, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Tomis in Scythia, Bishop St. Theotimus, whose great sanctity and miracles procured him the respect even of unbelieving barbarians.
At Embrun in France, St. Marcellin, first bishop of that city. By divine inspiration he came from Africa with his holy companions Vincent and Domninus, and converted the greater portion of the inhabitants of the Maritime Alps by his preaching, and by the wonderful prodigies which he still continues to work.
At Auxerre, the priest St. Marcian.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, confessor, surnamed Trichinas, from the rough garment of hair which he wore. He was renowned for many miracles, but especially for his power over the demons. From his body issues a liquid that imparts health to the sick.
At Monte Pulciano, St. Agnes, a virgin of the Order of St. Dominic, celebrated for her miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-April 21st
Roman Martyrology-April 21st-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury, England, St. Anselm, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning.
In Persia, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon. He was arrested by order of Sapor, king of Persia, loaded with irons, and presented to the iniquitous tribunals. As he refused to adore the sun, and openly and constantly bore testimony to Jesus Christ, he was confined for a long time in a dungeon with one hundred other confessors, some of whom were bishops. others priests, others clerics of various ranks. Afterwards, Usthazanes, the king's foster-father, who had been converted from apostasy by Simeon, endured martyrdom with great constancy. The day after, which was the anniversary of our Lord's Passion, the companions of Simeon whom he had feelingly exhorted, were beheaded before his eyes, after which he met the same fate. With him suffered also several distinguished men: Abdechalas and Ananias, his priests, with Pusicius, the head of the royal workmen. This last having encouraged Ananias, who seemed to falter, died a cruel death, having his tongue drawn out through a perforation made in his neck. After him, his daughter, who was a consecrated virgin, was put to death.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Arator, a priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, who all died in prison.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Apollo, Isacius, and Codratus, who suffered under the Emperor Diocletian. The last of these was slain by the sword, and a few days later the other two died from starvation in prison, meriting also the crown of martyrdom.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius the Sinaite, bishop.
At Wertingen in Bavaria, St. Conrad of Parzham, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, outstanding both for prayer and for love of neighbour. Being renowned for miracles, Pope Pius XI enrolled him among the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-April 22nd
Roman Martyrology-April 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Soter, pope and martyr.
In the same city, Pope St. Caius, who was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, the Saints Apelles and Lucius, who were among the first disciples of Christ.
The same day, many holy martyrs who, the year following the death of St. Simeon, and on the anniversary of the Passion of our Lord, were put to the sword for the name of Christ throughout Persia, under King Sapor. Among those who then suffered for the faith were the eunuch Azades, a favorite of the king; Milles, a bishop renowned for sanctity and miracles; Bishop Acepsimas with one of his priests named James; also Aithalas and Joseph, priests; Azadan and Abdiesus, deacons, and many other clerics; Mareas and Bicor, bishop, with twenty other bishops, and nearly two hundred and fifty clerics; many monks and consecrated virgins, among whom was the sister of St. Simeon, called Tarbula, with her maid, who were both killed in a most cruel manner by being tied to stakes and sawn asunder.
Also in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, priests; Lucas and Mucius, deacons, whose triumph is related in the Acts of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of the martyr St. Leonides, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons in France, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, St. Epipodius, who was arrested with his companion Alexander, and after undergoing severe torments, completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, Pope St. Agapitus the First, whose sanctity was praised by St. Gregory the Great. His body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried in the Vatican.
At Sens, St. Leo, bishop and confessor.
At Anastasiopolis in Galatia, St. Theodore, a bishop well known for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-April 23rd
Roman Martyrology-April 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. George, whose illustrious martyrdom is honored by the Church of God among the triumphs of the other martyrs.
At Danzig in Prussia, the birthday of St. Adalbert, bishop of Prague, and martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and the Hungarians.
At Valence in France, the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus, deacons, who were sent there to preach the word of God by blessed Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. They converted the greater portion of that city to the faith of Christ. These martyrs were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius, were for a long time scourged, had their legs crushed, were bound to wheels in motion, and stifled with smoke while stretched on the rack, and finally died by the sword.
At Milan, St. Marolus, bishop and confessor.
At Toul in France, St. Gerard, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-April 24th
Roman Martyrology-April 24th-on this date in various years-
At Gruch in Switzerland, St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was sent there to preach the Catholic faith, but was put to death by the heretics. He was numbered among the holy martyrs by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Rome, St. Sabas, a military officer, who bravely confessed Christ before the judge when he was accused of visiting the Christians kept in prison. For this he was burned with torches and thrown into a cauldron of boiling pitch, out of which he came uninjured. Seventy men were converted to Christ at the sight of this miracle, and as they all remained unshaken in the confession of the faith, they were put to the sword. Sabas, however, completed his martyrdom by being cast into the river.
At Lyons in France, during the persecution of Antoninus Verus, the birthday of St. Alexander, martyr. After being imprisoned, he was so lacerated by the cruelty of those who scourged him, that his ribs and the interior of his body were exposed to view. Then he was fastened to the gibbet of the cross, on which he yielded up his blessed soul. Thirty-four others who suffered with him are commemorated on other days.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, all of whom were slain with the sword after enduring great torments.
In England, the death of St. Mellitus, bishop. He was sent there by St. Gregory, and he converted to the faith the East Saxons and their king.
At Elvira, in Spain, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
In Iona, an island of Scotland, St. Egbert, priest and monk, a man of admirable humility and continency.
At Rheims in France, the holy virgins Bona and Doda.
At Angers in France, St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, virgin and foundress of the Institute of the Good Shepherd Sisters, whom Pius XII, Sovereign Pontiff, enrolled among the number of the saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of St. Augustine, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whom the bishop St. Ambrose had instructed in the truth of the Catholic faith, and baptized on this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-April 25th
Roman Martyrology-April 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at St. Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of the apostle St. Peter. He wrote his gospel at the request of the faithful at Rome, and taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt and founded a church at Alexandria, where he was the first to preach Christ. Afterwards, being arrested for the faith, he was bound, dragged over stones, and endured great afflictions. Finally he was confined to prison, where, being comforted by the visit of an angel, and even by an apparition of our Lord himself, he was called to the heavenly kingdom in the eighth year of the reign of Nero.
Also at Alexandria, Bishop St. Anian, disciple of blessed Mark, and his successor in the episcopate. With a great renown for virtue, he rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, St. Stephen, bishop and martyr, who suffered a great deal from the heretics opposed to the Council of Chalcedon, and was cast into the river Orontes, in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the holy martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista.
At Lobbes in Belgium, the birthday of St. Ermin, bishop and confessor.
At Antioch, the deacons Saints Philo and Agathopodes, who were praised in the letters of blessed Ignatius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 26th
Roman Martyrology-April 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Cletus, the pope who governed the Church the second after the apostle St. Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 25th of October.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Basileus, bishop and martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom occurred under Emperor Licinius. His body was thrown into the sea, but was found by Elpidiphorus, through the reveleation of an angel, and was honorably buried.
At Braga in Portugal, St. Peter, martyr, the first bishop of that city.
At Vienne in France, St. Clarence, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lucidius, bishop.
In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor.
At Troyes in France, St. Exuperantia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-April 27th
Roman Martyrology-April 27th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and doctor of the Church, who departed to the Lord on the 21st of December.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of St. Anthimus, bishop and martyr, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by being beheaded for the faith. Nearly all his numerous flock followed him. The judge ordered some to be beheaded, others to be burned alive, others to be put in boats and sunk in the sea.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the Saints Castor and Stephen, martyrs.
At Bologna, St. Tertullian, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Theophilus, bishop.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, abbot, who was a disciple of St. Pachomius.
At Constantinople, the abbot St. John, who valiantly defended the veneration of sacred images, under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona in Spain, the blessed Peter Armengaudius, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives. He endured many tribulations in Africa in ransoming the faithful, and finally closed his career peacefully in the convent of St. Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Zita, a virgin renowned for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-April 28th
Roman Martyrology-April 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul of the Cross, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. He went to his repose in the Lord on the 18th of October.
At Ravenna, the birthday of St. Vitalis, martyr, father of the Saints Gervase and Protase. When he had taken up and reverently buried the body of blessed Ursicinus, he was arrested by the governor Paulinus, and after being racked and thrown into a deep pit, was covered with earth and stones, and by this kind of martyrdom went to Christ.
At Atino in Campania, St. Mark, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. He was the first to preach the Gospel to the Equicoli, and received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian, under the governor Maximus.
At Broussa in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Patrick, a bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Hungary, St. Pollio, martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, the martyr St. Valeria, who was the wife of St. Vitalis and the mother of Saints Gervase and Protase.
At Alexandria, the martyrdom of the virgin St. Theodora. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was sent to a place of debauchery; but one of the brethren, named Didymus, through the admirable providence of God, delivered her
by quickly exchanging garments with her. He was afterwards beheaded and crowned with her in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Eustratius.
At Tarrazona in Spain, St. Prudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pamphilus, bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity towards the poor and the gift of miracles. His body was buried at Solmona.
At St. Laurent sur Sevres, in the diocese of Lucon, St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, confessor and founder of the Missionaries of the Company of Mary and the Sisters of Wisdom, a form of apostolic life. He was renowned for his preaching and devotion to the Blessed Mother, and was added to the number of the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 29th
Roman Martyrology-April 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, who was slain for the Catholic faith on the 6th day of April.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, renowned for her holy life and her miracles. She was inscribed among the canonized virgins by Pope Pius II. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos in Cyprus, St. Tychicus, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul, who called him in his Epistles, "most dear brother," "faithful minister," and "fellow-servant in the Lord".
At Pisa in Tuscany, the martyr St. Torpes, who filled a high office in the court of Nero, and was one of those of whom the apostle wrote from Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints salute you, especially those that are of the house of Caesar." For the faith of Christ, he was, by order of Satellicus, beaten, cruelly scourged, and delivered to the beasts to be devoured, but remained uninjured. He completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Cirta in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apapius and Secundinus, bishops, who, after a long exile in that city, added to the glory of their priesthood the crown of martyrdom. They suffered in the persecution of Valerian, during which the enraged Gentiles made every effort to shake the faith of the just. In their company suffered Aemilian, a soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, consecrated virgins, and a woman with her twin children.
In the island of Codyra, the seven holy thieves who were converted to Christ by St. Jason, and gained eternal life by martyrdom.
At Naples in Campania, Bishop St. Severus, who, among other prodigies, raised for a short time a dead man from the grave in order to convict of falsehood the lying creditor of a widow and her children.
At Brescia, St. Paulinus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny in France, St. Hugh Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesmes in France, St. Robert, the first abbot of the Cistercians.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 30th
Roman Martyrology-April 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, who on the previous day went to her heavenly Spouse.
At Saintes in France, blessed Eutropius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop and sent to France by St. Clement. After preaching for many years, he had his skull crushed for bearing testimony to Christ, and thus gained victory by his death.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Amator, a priest, Peter, a monk, and Louis.
At Novara, the martyrdom of the holy priest Laurence, and some boys whom he was teaching.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, a priest, and thirty martyrs.
At Lambesa in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marian, a lector, and James, a deacon. The former, after having successfully endured many trials for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Decius, was again arrested with his noble companions, and both were subjected to severe and cruel torments, during which they were twice miraculously comforted by heaven, but finally fell by the sword along with many others.
At Ephesus, the martyr St. Maximus, who received his crown during the persecution of Decius.
At Ferno in Piceno, St. Sophia, virgin and martyr.
At Evorea in Epirus, St. Donatus, a bishop, who was eminent for sanctity in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples in Campania, St. Pomponius, bishop.
At London in England, St. Erkenwald, a bishop celebrated for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, St. Joseph Cottolengo, confessor, founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, full of trust in God and remarkable for his charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-May 1st
Roman Martyrology-May 1st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of the blessed apostles Philip and James. Philip, after having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, went to Hieropolis, a city in Asia, where he was fastened to a cross and stoned, and thus ended his life gloriously. James, who is also called the brother of our Lord, was the first bishop of Jerusalem. Being hurled down from a pinnacle of the temple, his legs were broken, and being struck on the head with a dyer's staff, he expired and was buried near the temple.
At Rome, Pope St. Pius V of the Order of Preachers, who labored zealously and successfully for the re-establishment of church discipline, the stamping out of heresies, and the destruction of the enemies of the Christian name. He governed the Catholic Church by holy laws, and the example of a saintly life. His feast is observed on the fifth day of May.
In Egypt, St. Jeremias, prophet, who was stoned to death by the people at Taphnas, where he was buried. St. Epiphanius tells that the faithful were accustomed to pray at his grave, and to take away from it dust to heal those who were stung by serpents.
In France, in the Province of Vivarias, blessed Andeol, subdeacon, who was sent from the East into Gaul with others by St. Polycarp to preach the word of God. Under Emperor Severus he was scourged with thorny sticks, and having his head split with a wooden sword into four parts, in the shape of a cross, he completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy martyrs Orentius and Patience.
In the town of Columna, in the province of Orleans in France, the martyrdom of St. Sigismund, king of Burgundy. He met death by being drowned in a well, and was afterwards famous for his miracles. His venerable body was later recovered and taken to the monastery of Agaune in the diocese of Sitten where it was honorably entombed.
At Auxerre, St. Amator, bishop and confessor.
At Auch in France, Bishop St. Orientius.
At Llanelwy in Wales, Bishop St. Asaph, in whose memory the cathedral city was later named
At Forli, St. Peregrinus of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, St. Grata, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May.
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-May 13th
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Ascension of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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Sorry. Wrong date.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one?s deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one?s enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God?s mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - ?which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him.? And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Vigil of Pentecost
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
For 2020 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheaded.
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Feast of the most Sacred Body of Christ.
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
For 2020 The Feast of the most Sacred Heart of Jesus.
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
At Complin, however, let the same psalms be repeated every day; namely, the 4th, the 90th, and the 133d.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angoulême, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. Andrà Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, Praesidius,, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named Laetus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmaria.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 19:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-September 20th
Roman Martyrology-September 20th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eustace, and Theopistes, his wife, with their two sons, Agapitus and Theopistus. Under Emperor Hadrian they were condemned to be cast to the beasts, but by the power of God they were uninjured by them, so they were shut up in a heated brazen ox, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicum, on the sea of Marmora, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evilasius and the virgin Fausta, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Fausta's head was shaved to shame her, and she was hung up and tortured by Evilasius, then a pagan priest. But when he wished to have her body cut in two, the executioners could not inflict any injury upon her. Amazed at this prodigy, Evilasius believed in Christ and was cruelly tortured by order of the emperor; at the same time Fausta had her head bored through and her whole body pierced with nails. She was then laid on a heated gridiron, and being called by a celestial voice, went in company with Evilasius to enjoy the blessedness of heaven.
In Phrygia, the holy martyrs Denis and Privatus.
Also St. Priscus, martyr, whose body was pierced throughout with daggers, after which he was beheaded.
At Pergen in Pamphylia, the Saints Theodore, his mother Philippa, and their fellow martyrs, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, under Emperor Maximian, St. Candida, virgin and martyr. After her body was lacerated by whips she was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, St. Clicerius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Agapitus I, pope and confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which he died on the 22nd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besançon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel, and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, Renà Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy
of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
For 2020 the Feast of Our Lord Jesus Christ the King.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed.
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while there were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen(cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river
with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
For 2020 the first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and PotÃntian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
For 2020 the Feast of the most holy Name of Jesus.
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for this January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
For 2021 the Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiana. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus, bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimaeus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
For 2021 Septuagesima Sunday, on which the canticle of the Lord, Alleluia, ceaseth to be said.
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless she
uttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was
offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy, and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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Don't forget today is Ash Wednesday , and the beginning of the Lenten fast.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. Helladius , bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
CHAPTER XIX. Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XX.
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical impiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XXI.
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXII.
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXIII.
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the perseuction of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus,, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
For 2021 The Sunday of the Passion.
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent penÃtence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick. Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaónia (which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmium, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
For 2021 Palm Sunday, when our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the prophecy of Zacharias, entered into Jerusalem, seated upon the foal of an ass, and was met by the multitude bearing palms.
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regalado, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
For 2021 The Lord's Supper, when Christ Jesus, the day before he was crucified for our salvation, gave to his disciples the mysteries of his Body and Blood, to be celebrated by them.
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Note for 2021 Although I am posting the martyrology, it is not read in the Office of Prime during the triduum.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrifÃcing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chiónia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(Cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren(cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his penitential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-April 15th
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-April 18th
Roman Martyrology-April 18th-on this date in various years-
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, St. Amadeo, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for his ardent love for God. His feast, together with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, blessed Apollonius, a senator under Emperor Commodus and the prefect Perennius. He was denounced as a Christian by one of his slaves, and being commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed an able work which he read in the Senate. He was nevertheless beheaded for Christ by their sentence.
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eleutherius, bishop of Illyria, and Anthia, his mother. He was famous for holiness of life and the power of miracles. During the reign of Hadrian, he was placed on a bed of red-hot iron, on a gridiron, in a vessel filled with boiling oil, pitch, and resin, and also cast to the lions; but remaining unhurt through all of this, they finally cut his throat with a sword. His mother suffered the same torments.
At Cordova, St. Perfectus, priest and martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors, because he argued against the sect of Mohammed and firmly insisted on the Catholic faith.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Corebus, the prefect, who was converted to the faith by St. Eleutherius, and died by the sword.
At Brescia, the martyr St. Calocerus, who was converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and who gloriously triumphed in the test of his confession, in the time of Hadrian.
At Milan, St. Galdini, cardinal bishop of that city, who at the very end of a sermon against heretics, gave up his soul to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-April 19th
Roman Martyrology-April 19th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Timon, one of the first seven deacons, who was first a teacher at Berea. Afterwards, while preaching the word of the Lord at Corinth, he was delivered to the flames by the Jews and the Greeks, but remaining uninjured, he ended his martyrdom by crucifixion.
At Canterbury in England, St. Elphege, bishop and martyr.
At Melitine in Armenia, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galatas, all crowned on the same day.
At Collioure in Spain, the martyr St. Vincent.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Socrates and Denis, who were killed with spears.
At Jerusalem, the martyr St. Paphnutius.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo IX, illustrious for his virtues and his miracles.
At Antioch in Pisidia, St. George, a bishop, who died in exile for the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Lobbes in Belgium, the bishop St. Ursmar.
At Florence, St. Crescent, confessor, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Zenobius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-April 20th
Roman Martyrology-April 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, who were converted to the faith of Christ by the speeches and the miracles of the holy virgin Domitilla. Because they refused to sacrifice to the idols, they were beheaded by Anian, prefect of the city, in the persecution of Trajan.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severian, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antonine. They were converted to Christ by the miracles and the martyrdom of St. George, and because of their own dauntless confession of the faith, they were tortured in various ways under the Emperor Diocletian, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Tomis in Scythia, Bishop St. Theotimus, whose great sanctity and miracles procured him the respect even of unbelieving barbarians.
At Embrun in France, St. Marcellin, first bishop of that city. By divine inspiration he came from Africa with his holy companions Vincent and Domninus, and converted the greater portion of the inhabitants of the Maritime Alps by his preaching, and by the wonderful prodigies which he still continues to work.
At Auxerre, the priest St. Marcian.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, confessor, surnamed Trichinas, from the rough garment of hair which he wore. He was renowned for many miracles, but especially for his power over the demons. From his body issues a liquid that imparts health to the sick.
At Monte Pulciano, St. Agnes, a virgin of the Order of St. Dominic, celebrated for her miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-April 21st
Roman Martyrology-April 21st-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury, England, St. Anselm, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning.
In Persia, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon. He was arrested by order of Sapor, king of Persia, loaded with irons, and presented to the iniquitous tribunals. As he refused to adore the sun, and openly and constantly bore testimony to Jesus Christ, he was confined for a long time in a dungeon with one hundred other confessors, some of whom were bishops. others priests, others clerics of various ranks. Afterwards, Usthazanes, the king's foster-father, who had been converted from apostasy by Simeon, endured martyrdom with great constancy. The day after, which was the anniversary of our Lord's Passion, the companions of Simeon whom he had feelingly exhorted, were beheaded before his eyes, after which he met the same fate. With him suffered also several distinguished men: Abdechalas and Ananias, his priests, with Pusicius, the head of the royal workmen. This last having encouraged Ananias, who seemed to falter, died a cruel death, having his tongue drawn out through a perforation made in his neck. After him, his daughter, who was a consecrated virgin, was put to death.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Arator, a priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, who all died in prison.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Apollo, Isacius, and Codratus, who suffered under the Emperor Diocletian. The last of these was slain by the sword, and a few days later the other two died from starvation in prison, meriting also the crown of martyrdom.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius the Sinaite, bishop.
At Wertingen in Bavaria, St. Conrad of Parzham, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, outstanding both for prayer and for love of neighbour. Being renowned for miracles, Pope Pius XI enrolled him among the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-April 22nd
Roman Martyrology-April 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Soter, pope and martyr.
In the same city, Pope St. Caius, who was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, the Saints Apelles and Lucius, who were among the first disciples of Christ.
The same day, many holy martyrs who, the year following the death of St. Simeon, and on the anniversary of the Passion of our Lord, were put to the sword for the name of Christ throughout Persia, under King Sapor. Among those who then suffered for the faith were the eunuch Azades, a favorite of the king; Milles, a bishop renowned for sanctity and miracles; Bishop Acepsimas with one of his priests named James; also Aithalas and Joseph, priests; Azadan and Abdiesus, deacons, and many other clerics; Mareas and Bicor, bishop, with twenty other bishops, and nearly two hundred and fifty clerics; many monks and consecrated virgins, among whom was the sister of St. Simeon, called Tarbula, with her maid, who were both killed in a most cruel manner by being tied to stakes and sawn asunder.
Also in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, priests; Lucas and Mucius, deacons, whose triumph is related in the Acts of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of the martyr St. Leonides, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons in France, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, St. Epipodius, who was arrested with his companion Alexander, and after undergoing severe torments, completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, Pope St. Agapitus the First, whose sanctity was praised by St. Gregory the Great. His body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried in the Vatican.
At Sens, St. Leo, bishop and confessor.
At Anastasiopolis in Galatia, St. Theodore, a bishop well known for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-April 23rd
Roman Martyrology-April 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. George, whose illustrious martyrdom is honored by the Church of God among the triumphs of the other martyrs.
At Danzig in Prussia, the birthday of St. Adalbert, bishop of Prague, and martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and the Hungarians.
At Valence in France, the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus, deacons, who were sent there to preach the word of God by blessed Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. They converted the greater portion of that city to the faith of Christ. These martyrs were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius, were for a long time scourged, had their legs crushed, were bound to wheels in motion, and stifled with smoke while stretched on the rack, and finally died by the sword.
At Milan, St. Marolus, bishop and confessor.
At Toul in France, St. Gerard, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-April 24th
Roman Martyrology-April 24th-on this date in various years-
At Gruch in Switzerland, St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was sent there to preach the Catholic faith, but was put to death by the heretics. He was numbered among the holy martyrs by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Rome, St. Sabas, a military officer, who bravely confessed Christ before the judge when he was accused of visiting the Christians kept in prison. For this he was burned with torches and thrown into a cauldron of boiling pitch, out of which he came uninjured. Seventy men were converted to Christ at the sight of this miracle, and as they all remained unshaken in the confession of the faith, they were put to the sword. Sabas, however, completed his martyrdom by being cast into the river.
At Lyons in France, during the persecution of Antoninus Verus, the birthday of St. Alexander, martyr. After being imprisoned, he was so lacerated by the cruelty of those who scourged him, that his ribs and the interior of his body were exposed to view. Then he was fastened to the gibbet of the cross, on which he yielded up his blessed soul. Thirty-four others who suffered with him are commemorated on other days.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, all of whom were slain with the sword after enduring great torments.
In England, the death of St. Mellitus, bishop. He was sent there by St. Gregory, and he converted to the faith the East Saxons and their king.
At Elvira, in Spain, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
In Iona, an island of Scotland, St. Egbert, priest and monk, a man of admirable humility and continency.
At Rheims in France, the holy virgins Bona and Doda.
At Angers in France, St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, virgin and foundress of the Institute of the Good Shepherd Sisters, whom Pius XII, Sovereign Pontiff, enrolled among the number of the saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of St. Augustine, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whom the bishop St. Ambrose had instructed in the truth of the Catholic faith, and baptized on this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-April 25th
Roman Martyrology-April 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at St. Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of the apostle St. Peter. He wrote his gospel at the request of the faithful at Rome, and taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt and founded a church at Alexandria, where he was the first to preach Christ. Afterwards, being arrested for the faith, he was bound, dragged over stones, and endured great afflictions. Finally he was confined to prison, where, being comforted by the visit of an angel, and even by an apparition of our Lord himself, he was called to the heavenly kingdom in the eighth year of the reign of Nero.
Also at Alexandria, Bishop St. Anian, disciple of blessed Mark, and his successor in the episcopate. With a great renown for virtue, he rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, St. Stephen, bishop and martyr, who suffered a great deal from the heretics opposed to the Council of Chalcedon, and was cast into the river Orontes, in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the holy martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista.
At Lobbes in Belgium, the birthday of St. Ermin, bishop and confessor.
At Antioch, the deacons Saints Philo and Agathopodes, who were praised in the letters of blessed Ignatius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 26th
Roman Martyrology-April 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Cletus, the pope who governed the Church the second after the apostle St. Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 25th of October.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Basileus, bishop and martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom occurred under Emperor Licinius. His body was thrown into the sea, but was found by Elpidiphorus, through the reveleation of an angel, and was honorably buried.
At Braga in Portugal, St. Peter, martyr, the first bishop of that city.
At Vienne in France, St. Clarence, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lucidius, bishop.
In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor.
At Troyes in France, St. Exuperantia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-April 27th
Roman Martyrology-April 27th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and doctor of the Church, who departed to the Lord on the 21st of December.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of St. Anthimus, bishop and martyr, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by being beheaded for the faith. Nearly all his numerous flock followed him. The judge ordered some to be beheaded, others to be burned alive, others to be put in boats and sunk in the sea.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the Saints Castor and Stephen, martyrs.
At Bologna, St. Tertullian, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Theophilus, bishop.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, abbot, who was a disciple of St. Pachomius.
At Constantinople, the abbot St. John, who valiantly defended the veneration of sacred images, under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona in Spain, the blessed Peter Armengaudius, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives. He endured many tribulations in Africa in ransoming the faithful, and finally closed his career peacefully in the convent of St. Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Zita, a virgin renowned for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-April 28th
Roman Martyrology-April 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul of the Cross, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. He went to his repose in the Lord on the 18th of October.
At Ravenna, the birthday of St. Vitalis, martyr, father of the Saints Gervase and Protase. When he had taken up and reverently buried the body of blessed Ursicinus, he was arrested by the governor Paulinus, and after being racked and thrown into a deep pit, was covered with earth and stones, and by this kind of martyrdom went to Christ.
At Atino in Campania, St. Mark, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. He was the first to preach the Gospel to the Equicoli, and received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian, under the governor Maximus.
At Broussa in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Patrick, a bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Hungary, St. Pollio, martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, the martyr St. Valeria, who was the wife of St. Vitalis and the mother of Saints Gervase and Protase.
At Alexandria, the martyrdom of the virgin St. Theodora. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was sent to a place of debauchery; but one of the brethren, named Didymus, through the admirable providence of God, delivered her
by quickly exchanging garments with her. He was afterwards beheaded and crowned with her in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Eustratius.
At Tarrazona in Spain, St. Prudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pamphilus, bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity towards the poor and the gift of miracles. His body was buried at Solmona.
At St. Laurent sur Sevres, in the diocese of Lucon, St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, confessor and founder of the Missionaries of the Company of Mary and the Sisters of Wisdom, a form of apostolic life. He was renowned for his preaching and devotion to the Blessed Mother, and was added to the number of the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 29th
Roman Martyrology-April 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, who was slain for the Catholic faith on the 6th day of April.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, renowned for her holy life and her miracles. She was inscribed among the canonized virgins by Pope Pius II. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos in Cyprus, St. Tychicus, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul, who called him in his Epistles, "most dear brother," "faithful minister," and "fellow-servant in the Lord".
At Pisa in Tuscany, the martyr St. Torpes, who filled a high office in the court of Nero, and was one of those of whom the apostle wrote from Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints salute you, especially those that are of the house of Caesar." For the faith of Christ, he was, by order of Satellicus, beaten, cruelly scourged, and delivered to the beasts to be devoured, but remained uninjured. He completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Cirta in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apapius and Secundinus, bishops, who, after a long exile in that city, added to the glory of their priesthood the crown of martyrdom. They suffered in the persecution of Valerian, during which the enraged Gentiles made every effort to shake the faith of the just. In their company suffered Aemilian, a soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, consecrated virgins, and a woman with her twin children.
In the island of Codyra, the seven holy thieves who were converted to Christ by St. Jason, and gained eternal life by martyrdom.
At Naples in Campania, Bishop St. Severus, who, among other prodigies, raised for a short time a dead man from the grave in order to convict of falsehood the lying creditor of a widow and her children.
At Brescia, St. Paulinus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny in France, St. Hugh Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesmes in France, St. Robert, the first abbot of the Cistercians.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 30th
Roman Martyrology-April 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, who on the previous day went to her heavenly Spouse.
At Saintes in France, blessed Eutropius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop and sent to France by St. Clement. After preaching for many years, he had his skull crushed for bearing testimony to Christ, and thus gained victory by his death.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Amator, a priest, Peter, a monk, and Louis.
At Novara, the martyrdom of the holy priest Laurence, and some boys whom he was teaching.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, a priest, and thirty martyrs.
At Lambesa in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marian, a lector, and James, a deacon. The former, after having successfully endured many trials for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Decius, was again arrested with his noble companions, and both were subjected to severe and cruel torments, during which they were twice miraculously comforted by heaven, but finally fell by the sword along with many others.
At Ephesus, the martyr St. Maximus, who received his crown during the persecution of Decius.
At Ferno in Piceno, St. Sophia, virgin and martyr.
At Evorea in Epirus, St. Donatus, a bishop, who was eminent for sanctity in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples in Campania, St. Pomponius, bishop.
At London in England, St. Erkenwald, a bishop celebrated for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, St. Joseph Cottolengo, confessor, founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, full of trust in God and remarkable for his charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-May 1st
Roman Martyrology-May 1st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of the blessed apostles Philip and James. Philip, after having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, went to Hieropolis, a city in Asia, where he was fastened to a cross and stoned, and thus ended his life gloriously. James, who is also called the brother of our Lord, was the first bishop of Jerusalem. Being hurled down from a pinnacle of the temple, his legs were broken, and being struck on the head with a dyer's staff, he expired and was buried near the temple.
At Rome, Pope St. Pius V of the Order of Preachers, who labored zealously and successfully for the re-establishment of church discipline, the stamping out of heresies, and the destruction of the enemies of the Christian name. He governed the Catholic Church by holy laws, and the example of a saintly life. His feast is observed on the fifth day of May.
In Egypt, St. Jeremias, prophet, who was stoned to death by the people at Taphnas, where he was buried. St. Epiphanius tells that the faithful were accustomed to pray at his grave, and to take away from it dust to heal those who were stung by serpents.
In France, in the Province of Vivarias, blessed Andeol, subdeacon, who was sent from the East into Gaul with others by St. Polycarp to preach the word of God. Under Emperor Severus he was scourged with thorny sticks, and having his head split with a wooden sword into four parts, in the shape of a cross, he completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy martyrs Orentius and Patience.
In the town of Columna, in the province of Orleans in France, the martyrdom of St. Sigismund, king of Burgundy. He met death by being drowned in a well, and was afterwards famous for his miracles. His venerable body was later recovered and taken to the monastery of Agaune in the diocese of Sitten where it was honorably entombed.
At Auxerre, St. Amator, bishop and confessor.
At Auch in France, Bishop St. Orientius.
At Llanelwy in Wales, Bishop St. Asaph, in whose memory the cathedral city was later named
At Forli, St. Peregrinus of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, St. Grata, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May.
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The Lesser Litanies are this week. My apologies for not mentioning them in the appropriate readings from the martyrology.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
For 2021 the Vigil of the Ascension of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-May 13th
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
For 2021 On Mount Olivet, the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
For 2021 The Vigil of Pentecost.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one?s deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one?s enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God?s mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - ?which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him.? And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
For 2021 The day of Pentecost when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
For 2021 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ??Go not after thy concupiscences.? Since, therefore, ?The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil,? and ?The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: ?These things thou didst and I held my peace.?
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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A reminder for 2021 that on the traditional calendar, today is Corpus Christi.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheaded.
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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Just a note that in 2021 June 11 was the Feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
At Complin, however, let the same psalms be repeated every day; namely, the 4th, the 90th, and the 133d.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angoulême, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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Deleting duplicate post
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. Andrà Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, Praesidius,, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named Laetus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmaria.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 19:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-September 20th
Roman Martyrology-September 20th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eustace, and Theopistes, his wife, with their two sons, Agapitus and Theopistus. Under Emperor Hadrian they were condemned to be cast to the beasts, but by the power of God they were uninjured by them, so they were shut up in a heated brazen ox, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicum, on the sea of Marmora, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evilasius and the virgin Fausta, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Fausta's head was shaved to shame her, and she was hung up and tortured by Evilasius, then a pagan priest. But when he wished to have her body cut in two, the executioners could not inflict any injury upon her. Amazed at this prodigy, Evilasius believed in Christ and was cruelly tortured by order of the emperor; at the same time Fausta had her head bored through and her whole body pierced with nails. She was then laid on a heated gridiron, and being called by a celestial voice, went in company with Evilasius to enjoy the blessedness of heaven.
In Phrygia, the holy martyrs Denis and Privatus.
Also St. Priscus, martyr, whose body was pierced throughout with daggers, after which he was beheaded.
At Pergen in Pamphylia, the Saints Theodore, his mother Philippa, and their fellow martyrs, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, under Emperor Maximian, St. Candida, virgin and martyr. After her body was lacerated by whips she was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, St. Clicerius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Agapitus I, pope and confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which he died on the 22nd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besançon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel, and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, Renà Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy
of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
For 2021 The Feast of our Lord Jesus Christ the King.
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed.
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while there were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen(cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river
with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Today is also the first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and PotÃntian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
For 2022 the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus.
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for this January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord?s sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called ?Girovagi,? who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
For 2022 the Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph , by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiana. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus, bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimaeus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless she
uttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was
offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of ServÃtes of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
For 2022 Septuagesima Sunday, on which the canticle of the Lord, Alleluia, ceaseth to be said.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy, and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. Helladius , bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
CHAPTER XIX. Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XX.
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical impiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XXI.
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXII.
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXIII.
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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Just a reminder that this year March 2 is Ash Wednesday and the beginning of the Lenten fast.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the perseuction of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus,, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent penÃtence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick. Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaónia (which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmium, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regalado, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrifÃcing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chiónia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Of course the mention of Easter above is from a different year. We are still in Lent. Mea culpa.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(Cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren(cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot?s Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
For 2022 Palm Sunday, when our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the prophecy of Zacharias, entered into Jerusalem, seated upon the foal of an ass, and was met by the multitude bearing palms.
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his penitential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
For 2022 The Lord's Supper, when Christ Jesus, the day before he was crucified for our salvation, gave to his disciples the mysteries of his Body and Blood, to be celebrated by them.
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Note for 2022 Although I am posting the martyrology, it is not read in the Office of Prime during the Triduum.
Martyrology-April 15th
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Martyrology-April 18th
Roman Martyrology-April 18th-on this date in various years-
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, St. Amadeo, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for his ardent love for God. His feast, together with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, blessed Apollonius, a senator under Emperor Commodus and the prefect Perennius. He was denounced as a Christian by one of his slaves, and being commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed an able work which he read in the Senate. He was nevertheless beheaded for Christ by their sentence.
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eleutherius, bishop of Illyria, and Anthia, his mother. He was famous for holiness of life and the power of miracles. During the reign of Hadrian, he was placed on a bed of red-hot iron, on a gridiron, in a vessel filled with boiling oil, pitch, and resin, and also cast to the lions; but remaining unhurt through all of this, they finally cut his throat with a sword. His mother suffered the same torments.
At Cordova, St. Perfectus, priest and martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors, because he argued against the sect of Mohammed and firmly insisted on the Catholic faith.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Corebus, the prefect, who was converted to the faith by St. Eleutherius, and died by the sword.
At Brescia, the martyr St. Calocerus, who was converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and who gloriously triumphed in the test of his confession, in the time of Hadrian.
At Milan, St. Galdini, cardinal bishop of that city, who at the very end of a sermon against heretics, gave up his soul to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-April 19th
Roman Martyrology-April 19th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Timon, one of the first seven deacons, who was first a teacher at Berea. Afterwards, while preaching the word of the Lord at Corinth, he was delivered to the flames by the Jews and the Greeks, but remaining uninjured, he ended his martyrdom by crucifixion.
At Canterbury in England, St. Elphege, bishop and martyr.
At Melitine in Armenia, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galatas, all crowned on the same day.
At Collioure in Spain, the martyr St. Vincent.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Socrates and Denis, who were killed with spears.
At Jerusalem, the martyr St. Paphnutius.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo IX, illustrious for his virtues and his miracles.
At Antioch in Pisidia, St. George, a bishop, who died in exile for the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Lobbes in Belgium, the bishop St. Ursmar.
At Florence, St. Crescent, confessor, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Zenobius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-April 20th
Roman Martyrology-April 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, who were converted to the faith of Christ by the speeches and the miracles of the holy virgin Domitilla. Because they refused to sacrifice to the idols, they were beheaded by Anian, prefect of the city, in the persecution of Trajan.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severian, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antonine. They were converted to Christ by the miracles and the martyrdom of St. George, and because of their own dauntless confession of the faith, they were tortured in various ways under the Emperor Diocletian, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Tomis in Scythia, Bishop St. Theotimus, whose great sanctity and miracles procured him the respect even of unbelieving barbarians.
At Embrun in France, St. Marcellin, first bishop of that city. By divine inspiration he came from Africa with his holy companions Vincent and Domninus, and converted the greater portion of the inhabitants of the Maritime Alps by his preaching, and by the wonderful prodigies which he still continues to work.
At Auxerre, the priest St. Marcian.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, confessor, surnamed Trichinas, from the rough garment of hair which he wore. He was renowned for many miracles, but especially for his power over the demons. From his body issues a liquid that imparts health to the sick.
At Monte Pulciano, St. Agnes, a virgin of the Order of St. Dominic, celebrated for her miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-April 21st
Roman Martyrology-April 21st-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury, England, St. Anselm, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning.
In Persia, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon. He was arrested by order of Sapor, king of Persia, loaded with irons, and presented to the iniquitous tribunals. As he refused to adore the sun, and openly and constantly bore testimony to Jesus Christ, he was confined for a long time in a dungeon with one hundred other confessors, some of whom were bishops. others priests, others clerics of various ranks. Afterwards, Usthazanes, the king's foster-father, who had been converted from apostasy by Simeon, endured martyrdom with great constancy. The day after, which was the anniversary of our Lord's Passion, the companions of Simeon whom he had feelingly exhorted, were beheaded before his eyes, after which he met the same fate. With him suffered also several distinguished men: Abdechalas and Ananias, his priests, with Pusicius, the head of the royal workmen. This last having encouraged Ananias, who seemed to falter, died a cruel death, having his tongue drawn out through a perforation made in his neck. After him, his daughter, who was a consecrated virgin, was put to death.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Arator, a priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, who all died in prison.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Apollo, Isacius, and Codratus, who suffered under the Emperor Diocletian. The last of these was slain by the sword, and a few days later the other two died from starvation in prison, meriting also the crown of martyrdom.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius the Sinaite, bishop.
At Wertingen in Bavaria, St. Conrad of Parzham, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, outstanding both for prayer and for love of neighbour. Being renowned for miracles, Pope Pius XI enrolled him among the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-April 22nd
Roman Martyrology-April 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Soter, pope and martyr.
In the same city, Pope St. Caius, who was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, the Saints Apelles and Lucius, who were among the first disciples of Christ.
The same day, many holy martyrs who, the year following the death of St. Simeon, and on the anniversary of the Passion of our Lord, were put to the sword for the name of Christ throughout Persia, under King Sapor. Among those who then suffered for the faith were the eunuch Azades, a favorite of the king; Milles, a bishop renowned for sanctity and miracles; Bishop Acepsimas with one of his priests named James; also Aithalas and Joseph, priests; Azadan and Abdiesus, deacons, and many other clerics; Mareas and Bicor, bishop, with twenty other bishops, and nearly two hundred and fifty clerics; many monks and consecrated virgins, among whom was the sister of St. Simeon, called Tarbula, with her maid, who were both killed in a most cruel manner by being tied to stakes and sawn asunder.
Also in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, priests; Lucas and Mucius, deacons, whose triumph is related in the Acts of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of the martyr St. Leonides, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons in France, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, St. Epipodius, who was arrested with his companion Alexander, and after undergoing severe torments, completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, Pope St. Agapitus the First, whose sanctity was praised by St. Gregory the Great. His body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried in the Vatican.
At Sens, St. Leo, bishop and confessor.
At Anastasiopolis in Galatia, St. Theodore, a bishop well known for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-April 23rd
Roman Martyrology-April 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. George, whose illustrious martyrdom is honored by the Church of God among the triumphs of the other martyrs.
At Danzig in Prussia, the birthday of St. Adalbert, bishop of Prague, and martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and the Hungarians.
At Valence in France, the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus, deacons, who were sent there to preach the word of God by blessed Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. They converted the greater portion of that city to the faith of Christ. These martyrs were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius, were for a long time scourged, had their legs crushed, were bound to wheels in motion, and stifled with smoke while stretched on the rack, and finally died by the sword.
At Milan, St. Marolus, bishop and confessor.
At Toul in France, St. Gerard, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-April 24th
Roman Martyrology-April 24th-on this date in various years-
At Gruch in Switzerland, St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was sent there to preach the Catholic faith, but was put to death by the heretics. He was numbered among the holy martyrs by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Rome, St. Sabas, a military officer, who bravely confessed Christ before the judge when he was accused of visiting the Christians kept in prison. For this he was burned with torches and thrown into a cauldron of boiling pitch, out of which he came uninjured. Seventy men were converted to Christ at the sight of this miracle, and as they all remained unshaken in the confession of the faith, they were put to the sword. Sabas, however, completed his martyrdom by being cast into the river.
At Lyons in France, during the persecution of Antoninus Verus, the birthday of St. Alexander, martyr. After being imprisoned, he was so lacerated by the cruelty of those who scourged him, that his ribs and the interior of his body were exposed to view. Then he was fastened to the gibbet of the cross, on which he yielded up his blessed soul. Thirty-four others who suffered with him are commemorated on other days.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, all of whom were slain with the sword after enduring great torments.
In England, the death of St. Mellitus, bishop. He was sent there by St. Gregory, and he converted to the faith the East Saxons and their king.
At Elvira, in Spain, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
In Iona, an island of Scotland, St. Egbert, priest and monk, a man of admirable humility and continency.
At Rheims in France, the holy virgins Bona and Doda.
At Angers in France, St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, virgin and foundress of the Institute of the Good Shepherd Sisters, whom Pius XII, Sovereign Pontiff, enrolled among the number of the saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of St. Augustine, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whom the bishop St. Ambrose had instructed in the truth of the Catholic faith, and baptized on this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-April 25th
Roman Martyrology-April 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at St. Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of the apostle St. Peter. He wrote his gospel at the request of the faithful at Rome, and taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt and founded a church at Alexandria, where he was the first to preach Christ. Afterwards, being arrested for the faith, he was bound, dragged over stones, and endured great afflictions. Finally he was confined to prison, where, being comforted by the visit of an angel, and even by an apparition of our Lord himself, he was called to the heavenly kingdom in the eighth year of the reign of Nero.
Also at Alexandria, Bishop St. Anian, disciple of blessed Mark, and his successor in the episcopate. With a great renown for virtue, he rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, St. Stephen, bishop and martyr, who suffered a great deal from the heretics opposed to the Council of Chalcedon, and was cast into the river Orontes, in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the holy martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista.
At Lobbes in Belgium, the birthday of St. Ermin, bishop and confessor.
At Antioch, the deacons Saints Philo and Agathopodes, who were praised in the letters of blessed Ignatius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 26th
Roman Martyrology-April 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Cletus, the pope who governed the Church the second after the apostle St. Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 25th of October.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Basileus, bishop and martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom occurred under Emperor Licinius. His body was thrown into the sea, but was found by Elpidiphorus, through the reveleation of an angel, and was honorably buried.
At Braga in Portugal, St. Peter, martyr, the first bishop of that city.
At Vienne in France, St. Clarence, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lucidius, bishop.
In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor.
At Troyes in France, St. Exuperantia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-April 27th
Roman Martyrology-April 27th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and doctor of the Church, who departed to the Lord on the 21st of December.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of St. Anthimus, bishop and martyr, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by being beheaded for the faith. Nearly all his numerous flock followed him. The judge ordered some to be beheaded, others to be burned alive, others to be put in boats and sunk in the sea.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the Saints Castor and Stephen, martyrs.
At Bologna, St. Tertullian, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Theophilus, bishop.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, abbot, who was a disciple of St. Pachomius.
At Constantinople, the abbot St. John, who valiantly defended the veneration of sacred images, under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona in Spain, the blessed Peter Armengaudius, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives. He endured many tribulations in Africa in ransoming the faithful, and finally closed his career peacefully in the convent of St. Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Zita, a virgin renowned for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-April 28th
Roman Martyrology-April 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul of the Cross, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. He went to his repose in the Lord on the 18th of October.
At Ravenna, the birthday of St. Vitalis, martyr, father of the Saints Gervase and Protase. When he had taken up and reverently buried the body of blessed Ursicinus, he was arrested by the governor Paulinus, and after being racked and thrown into a deep pit, was covered with earth and stones, and by this kind of martyrdom went to Christ.
At Atino in Campania, St. Mark, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. He was the first to preach the Gospel to the Equicoli, and received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian, under the governor Maximus.
At Broussa in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Patrick, a bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Hungary, St. Pollio, martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, the martyr St. Valeria, who was the wife of St. Vitalis and the mother of Saints Gervase and Protase.
At Alexandria, the martyrdom of the virgin St. Theodora. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was sent to a place of debauchery; but one of the brethren, named Didymus, through the admirable providence of God, delivered her
by quickly exchanging garments with her. He was afterwards beheaded and crowned with her in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Eustratius.
At Tarrazona in Spain, St. Prudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pamphilus, bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity towards the poor and the gift of miracles. His body was buried at Solmona.
At St. Laurent sur Sevres, in the diocese of Lucon, St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, confessor and founder of the Missionaries of the Company of Mary and the Sisters of Wisdom, a form of apostolic life. He was renowned for his preaching and devotion to the Blessed Mother, and was added to the number of the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 29th
Roman Martyrology-April 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, who was slain for the Catholic faith on the 6th day of April.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, renowned for her holy life and her miracles. She was inscribed among the canonized virgins by Pope Pius II. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos in Cyprus, St. Tychicus, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul, who called him in his Epistles, "most dear brother," "faithful minister," and "fellow-servant in the Lord".
At Pisa in Tuscany, the martyr St. Torpes, who filled a high office in the court of Nero, and was one of those of whom the apostle wrote from Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints salute you, especially those that are of the house of Caesar." For the faith of Christ, he was, by order of Satellicus, beaten, cruelly scourged, and delivered to the beasts to be devoured, but remained uninjured. He completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Cirta in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apapius and Secundinus, bishops, who, after a long exile in that city, added to the glory of their priesthood the crown of martyrdom. They suffered in the persecution of Valerian, during which the enraged Gentiles made every effort to shake the faith of the just. In their company suffered Aemilian, a soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, consecrated virgins, and a woman with her twin children.
In the island of Codyra, the seven holy thieves who were converted to Christ by St. Jason, and gained eternal life by martyrdom.
At Naples in Campania, Bishop St. Severus, who, among other prodigies, raised for a short time a dead man from the grave in order to convict of falsehood the lying creditor of a widow and her children.
At Brescia, St. Paulinus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny in France, St. Hugh Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesmes in France, St. Robert, the first abbot of the Cistercians.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 30th
Roman Martyrology-April 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, who on the previous day went to her heavenly Spouse.
At Saintes in France, blessed Eutropius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop and sent to France by St. Clement. After preaching for many years, he had his skull crushed for bearing testimony to Christ, and thus gained victory by his death.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Amator, a priest, Peter, a monk, and Louis.
At Novara, the martyrdom of the holy priest Laurence, and some boys whom he was teaching.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, a priest, and thirty martyrs.
At Lambesa in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marian, a lector, and James, a deacon. The former, after having successfully endured many trials for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Decius, was again arrested with his noble companions, and both were subjected to severe and cruel torments, during which they were twice miraculously comforted by heaven, but finally fell by the sword along with many others.
At Ephesus, the martyr St. Maximus, who received his crown during the persecution of Decius.
At Ferno in Piceno, St. Sophia, virgin and martyr.
At Evorea in Epirus, St. Donatus, a bishop, who was eminent for sanctity in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples in Campania, St. Pomponius, bishop.
At London in England, St. Erkenwald, a bishop celebrated for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, St. Joseph Cottolengo, confessor, founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, full of trust in God and remarkable for his charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-May 1st
Roman Martyrology-May 1st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of the blessed apostles Philip and James. Philip, after having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, went to Hieropolis, a city in Asia, where he was fastened to a cross and stoned, and thus ended his life gloriously. James, who is also called the brother of our Lord, was the first bishop of Jerusalem. Being hurled down from a pinnacle of the temple, his legs were broken, and being struck on the head with a dyer's staff, he expired and was buried near the temple.
At Rome, Pope St. Pius V of the Order of Preachers, who labored zealously and successfully for the re-establishment of church discipline, the stamping out of heresies, and the destruction of the enemies of the Christian name. He governed the Catholic Church by holy laws, and the example of a saintly life. His feast is observed on the fifth day of May.
In Egypt, St. Jeremias, prophet, who was stoned to death by the people at Taphnas, where he was buried. St. Epiphanius tells that the faithful were accustomed to pray at his grave, and to take away from it dust to heal those who were stung by serpents.
In France, in the Province of Vivarias, blessed Andeol, subdeacon, who was sent from the East into Gaul with others by St. Polycarp to preach the word of God. Under Emperor Severus he was scourged with thorny sticks, and having his head split with a wooden sword into four parts, in the shape of a cross, he completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy martyrs Orentius and Patience.
In the town of Columna, in the province of Orleans in France, the martyrdom of St. Sigismund, king of Burgundy. He met death by being drowned in a well, and was afterwards famous for his miracles. His venerable body was later recovered and taken to the monastery of Agaune in the diocese of Sitten where it was honorably entombed.
At Auxerre, St. Amator, bishop and confessor.
At Auch in France, Bishop St. Orientius.
At Llanelwy in Wales, Bishop St. Asaph, in whose memory the cathedral city was later named
At Forli, St. Peregrinus of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, St. Grata, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May.
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-May 13th
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
[size=78%]St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.[/size]
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
Reminder that for 2022 the Rogation Days and lesser litanies are this week.
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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Remember this year May 26 is the Feast of the Ascension of our Lord.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
For 2022 The Vigil of Pentecost.
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
For 2022 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheaded.
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
For 2022 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
(This year the 16th is the Feast of Corpus Christi)
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
This year the Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist is transferred to the 25th due to the 24th being the Feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in 2022.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
At Complin, however, let the same psalms be repeated every day; namely, the 4th, the 90th, and the 133d.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angoulême, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. Andrà Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God?s protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, Praesidius,, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named Laetus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmaria.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one?s heart, all one?s soul, and all one?s strength.
2. Then one?s neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 19:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-September 20th
Roman Martyrology-September 20th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eustace, and Theopistes, his wife, with their two sons, Agapitus and Theopistus. Under Emperor Hadrian they were condemned to be cast to the beasts, but by the power of God they were uninjured by them, so they were shut up in a heated brazen ox, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicum, on the sea of Marmora, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evilasius and the virgin Fausta, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Fausta's head was shaved to shame her, and she was hung up and tortured by Evilasius, then a pagan priest. But when he wished to have her body cut in two, the executioners could not inflict any injury upon her. Amazed at this prodigy, Evilasius believed in Christ and was cruelly tortured by order of the emperor; at the same time Fausta had her head bored through and her whole body pierced with nails. She was then laid on a heated gridiron, and being called by a celestial voice, went in company with Evilasius to enjoy the blessedness of heaven.
In Phrygia, the holy martyrs Denis and Privatus.
Also St. Priscus, martyr, whose body was pierced throughout with daggers, after which he was beheaded.
At Pergen in Pamphylia, the Saints Theodore, his mother Philippa, and their fellow martyrs, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, under Emperor Maximian, St. Candida, virgin and martyr. After her body was lacerated by whips she was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, St. Clicerius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Agapitus I, pope and confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which he died on the 22nd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besançon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel, and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, Renà Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy
of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
For 2022 The Feast of our Lord Jesus Christ the King.
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed.
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: ?A good word is above the best gift.? Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who ?shall scandalise one of these little ones? namely, ?that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea.? If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while there were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen(cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river
with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
For 2022 The first Sunday of the Advent of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, ?Try the spirits if they be of God.? If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: ?Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart.? If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's NatÃvity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and PotÃntian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
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The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
For 2023 the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus.
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
he reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for this January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
For 2023 the Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph , by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord?s sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called ?Girovagi,? who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
he reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiana. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus, bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimaeus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless she
uttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was
offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of Serv�tes of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy, and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. Helladius , bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Reminder about today for 2023: The Day of Ashes, and the beginning of the most holy fast of Lent.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
CHAPTER XIX. Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XX.
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical impiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XXI.
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXII.
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXIII.
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the perseuction of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus,, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.- QUOTE (https://www.suscipedomine.com/forum/index.php?action=post;quote=572183;topic=2173)
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.- QUOTE (https://www.suscipedomine.com/forum/index.php?action=post;quote=572402;topic=2173)
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent pen�tence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.- QUOTE (https://www.suscipedomine.com/forum/index.php?action=post;quote=572702;topic=2173)
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick. Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaónia (which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmium, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regalado, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years-
For 2023 Palm Sunday, when our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the prophecy of Zacharias, entered into Jerusalem, seated upon the foal of an ass, and was met by the multitude bearing palms.
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrif�cing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chiónia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(Cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
This year April 6 is Holy Thursday. And, although I will continue to post the Martyrology, it is not traditionally read during the Triduum.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren(cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot?s Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his peni�tential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-April 15
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-April 18th
Roman Martyrology-April 18th-on this date in various years-
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, St. Amadeo, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for his ardent love for God. His feast, together with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, blessed Apollonius, a senator under Emperor Commodus and the prefect Perennius. He was denounced as a Christian by one of his slaves, and being commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed an able work which he read in the Senate. He was nevertheless beheaded for Christ by their sentence.
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eleutherius, bishop of Illyria, and Anthia, his mother. He was famous for holiness of life and the power of miracles. During the reign of Hadrian, he was placed on a bed of red-hot iron, on a gridiron, in a vessel filled with boiling oil, pitch, and resin, and also cast to the lions; but remaining unhurt through all of this, they finally cut his throat with a sword. His mother suffered the same torments.
At Cordova, St. Perfectus, priest and martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors, because he argued against the sect of Mohammed and firmly insisted on the Catholic faith.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Corebus, the prefect, who was converted to the faith by St. Eleutherius, and died by the sword.
At Brescia, the martyr St. Calocerus, who was converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and who gloriously triumphed in the test of his confession, in the time of Hadrian.
At Milan, St. Galdini, cardinal bishop of that city, who at the very end of a sermon against heretics, gave up his soul to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-April 19th
Roman Martyrology-April 19th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Timon, one of the first seven deacons, who was first a teacher at Berea. Afterwards, while preaching the word of the Lord at Corinth, he was delivered to the flames by the Jews and the Greeks, but remaining uninjured, he ended his martyrdom by crucifixion.
At Canterbury in England, St. Elphege, bishop and martyr.
At Melitine in Armenia, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galatas, all crowned on the same day.
At Collioure in Spain, the martyr St. Vincent.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Socrates and Denis, who were killed with spears.
At Jerusalem, the martyr St. Paphnutius.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo IX, illustrious for his virtues and his miracles.
At Antioch in Pisidia, St. George, a bishop, who died in exile for the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Lobbes in Belgium, the bishop St. Ursmar.
At Florence, St. Crescent, confessor, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Zenobius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-April 20th
Roman Martyrology-April 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, who were converted to the faith of Christ by the speeches and the miracles of the holy virgin Domitilla. Because they refused to sacrifice to the idols, they were beheaded by Anian, prefect of the city, in the persecution of Trajan.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severian, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antonine. They were converted to Christ by the miracles and the martyrdom of St. George, and because of their own dauntless confession of the faith, they were tortured in various ways under the Emperor Diocletian, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Tomis in Scythia, Bishop St. Theotimus, whose great sanctity and miracles procured him the respect even of unbelieving barbarians.
At Embrun in France, St. Marcellin, first bishop of that city. By divine inspiration he came from Africa with his holy companions Vincent and Domninus, and converted the greater portion of the inhabitants of the Maritime Alps by his preaching, and by the wonderful prodigies which he still continues to work.
At Auxerre, the priest St. Marcian.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, confessor, surnamed Trichinas, from the rough garment of hair which he wore. He was renowned for many miracles, but especially for his power over the demons. From his body issues a liquid that imparts health to the sick.
At Monte Pulciano, St. Agnes, a virgin of the Order of St. Dominic, celebrated for her miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-April 21st
Roman Martyrology-April 21st-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury, England, St. Anselm, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning.
In Persia, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon. He was arrested by order of Sapor, king of Persia, loaded with irons, and presented to the iniquitous tribunals. As he refused to adore the sun, and openly and constantly bore testimony to Jesus Christ, he was confined for a long time in a dungeon with one hundred other confessors, some of whom were bishops. others priests, others clerics of various ranks. Afterwards, Usthazanes, the king's foster-father, who had been converted from apostasy by Simeon, endured martyrdom with great constancy. The day after, which was the anniversary of our Lord's Passion, the companions of Simeon whom he had feelingly exhorted, were beheaded before his eyes, after which he met the same fate. With him suffered also several distinguished men: Abdechalas and Ananias, his priests, with Pusicius, the head of the royal workmen. This last having encouraged Ananias, who seemed to falter, died a cruel death, having his tongue drawn out through a perforation made in his neck. After him, his daughter, who was a consecrated virgin, was put to death.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Arator, a priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, who all died in prison.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Apollo, Isacius, and Codratus, who suffered under the Emperor Diocletian. The last of these was slain by the sword, and a few days later the other two died from starvation in prison, meriting also the crown of martyrdom.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius the Sinaite, bishop.
At Wertingen in Bavaria, St. Conrad of Parzham, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, outstanding both for prayer and for love of neighbour. Being renowned for miracles, Pope Pius XI enrolled him among the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-April 22nd
Roman Martyrology-April 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Soter, pope and martyr.
In the same city, Pope St. Caius, who was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, the Saints Apelles and Lucius, who were among the first disciples of Christ.
The same day, many holy martyrs who, the year following the death of St. Simeon, and on the anniversary of the Passion of our Lord, were put to the sword for the name of Christ throughout Persia, under King Sapor. Among those who then suffered for the faith were the eunuch Azades, a favorite of the king; Milles, a bishop renowned for sanctity and miracles; Bishop Acepsimas with one of his priests named James; also Aithalas and Joseph, priests; Azadan and Abdiesus, deacons, and many other clerics; Mareas and Bicor, bishop, with twenty other bishops, and nearly two hundred and fifty clerics; many monks and consecrated virgins, among whom was the sister of St. Simeon, called Tarbula, with her maid, who were both killed in a most cruel manner by being tied to stakes and sawn asunder.
Also in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, priests; Lucas and Mucius, deacons, whose triumph is related in the Acts of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of the martyr St. Leonides, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons in France, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, St. Epipodius, who was arrested with his companion Alexander, and after undergoing severe torments, completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, Pope St. Agapitus the First, whose sanctity was praised by St. Gregory the Great. His body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried in the Vatican.
At Sens, St. Leo, bishop and confessor.
At Anastasiopolis in Galatia, St. Theodore, a bishop well known for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-April 23rd
Roman Martyrology-April 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. George, whose illustrious martyrdom is honored by the Church of God among the triumphs of the other martyrs.
At Danzig in Prussia, the birthday of St. Adalbert, bishop of Prague, and martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and the Hungarians.
At Valence in France, the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus, deacons, who were sent there to preach the word of God by blessed Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons. They converted the greater portion of that city to the faith of Christ. These martyrs were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius, were for a long time scourged, had their legs crushed, were bound to wheels in motion, and stifled with smoke while stretched on the rack, and finally died by the sword.
At Milan, St. Marolus, bishop and confessor.
At Toul in France, St. Gerard, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-April 24th
Roman Martyrology-April 24th-on this date in various years-
At Gruch in Switzerland, St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was sent there to preach the Catholic faith, but was put to death by the heretics. He was numbered among the holy martyrs by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Rome, St. Sabas, a military officer, who bravely confessed Christ before the judge when he was accused of visiting the Christians kept in prison. For this he was burned with torches and thrown into a cauldron of boiling pitch, out of which he came uninjured. Seventy men were converted to Christ at the sight of this miracle, and as they all remained unshaken in the confession of the faith, they were put to the sword. Sabas, however, completed his martyrdom by being cast into the river.
At Lyons in France, during the persecution of Antoninus Verus, the birthday of St. Alexander, martyr. After being imprisoned, he was so lacerated by the cruelty of those who scourged him, that his ribs and the interior of his body were exposed to view. Then he was fastened to the gibbet of the cross, on which he yielded up his blessed soul. Thirty-four others who suffered with him are commemorated on other days.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, all of whom were slain with the sword after enduring great torments.
In England, the death of St. Mellitus, bishop. He was sent there by St. Gregory, and he converted to the faith the East Saxons and their king.
At Elvira, in Spain, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
In Iona, an island of Scotland, St. Egbert, priest and monk, a man of admirable humility and continency.
At Rheims in France, the holy virgins Bona and Doda.
At Angers in France, St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, virgin and foundress of the Institute of the Good Shepherd Sisters, whom Pius XII, Sovereign Pontiff, enrolled among the number of the saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of St. Augustine, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whom the bishop St. Ambrose had instructed in the truth of the Catholic faith, and baptized on this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-April 25th
Roman Martyrology-April 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at St. Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of the apostle St. Peter. He wrote his gospel at the request of the faithful at Rome, and taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt and founded a church at Alexandria, where he was the first to preach Christ. Afterwards, being arrested for the faith, he was bound, dragged over stones, and endured great afflictions. Finally he was confined to prison, where, being comforted by the visit of an angel, and even by an apparition of our Lord himself, he was called to the heavenly kingdom in the eighth year of the reign of Nero.
Also at Alexandria, Bishop St. Anian, disciple of blessed Mark, and his successor in the episcopate. With a great renown for virtue, he rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, St. Stephen, bishop and martyr, who suffered a great deal from the heretics opposed to the Council of Chalcedon, and was cast into the river Orontes, in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the holy martyrs Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista.
At Lobbes in Belgium, the birthday of St. Ermin, bishop and confessor.
At Antioch, the deacons Saints Philo and Agathopodes, who were praised in the letters of blessed Ignatius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-April 26th
Roman Martyrology-April 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Cletus, the pope who governed the Church the second after the apostle St. Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 25th of October.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Basileus, bishop and martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom occurred under Emperor Licinius. His body was thrown into the sea, but was found by Elpidiphorus, through the reveleation of an angel, and was honorably buried.
At Braga in Portugal, St. Peter, martyr, the first bishop of that city.
At Vienne in France, St. Clarence, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lucidius, bishop.
In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor.
At Troyes in France, St. Exuperantia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-April 27th
Roman Martyrology-April 27th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and doctor of the Church, who departed to the Lord on the 21st of December.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of St. Anthimus, bishop and martyr, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by being beheaded for the faith. Nearly all his numerous flock followed him. The judge ordered some to be beheaded, others to be burned alive, others to be put in boats and sunk in the sea.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the Saints Castor and Stephen, martyrs.
At Bologna, St. Tertullian, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Theophilus, bishop.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, abbot, who was a disciple of St. Pachomius.
At Constantinople, the abbot St. John, who valiantly defended the veneration of sacred images, under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona in Spain, the blessed Peter Armengaudius, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives. He endured many tribulations in Africa in ransoming the faithful, and finally closed his career peacefully in the convent of St. Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Zita, a virgin renowned for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-April 28th
Roman Martyrology-April 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul of the Cross, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. He went to his repose in the Lord on the 18th of October.
At Ravenna, the birthday of St. Vitalis, martyr, father of the Saints Gervase and Protase. When he had taken up and reverently buried the body of blessed Ursicinus, he was arrested by the governor Paulinus, and after being racked and thrown into a deep pit, was covered with earth and stones, and by this kind of martyrdom went to Christ.
At Atino in Campania, St. Mark, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. He was the first to preach the Gospel to the Equicoli, and received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian, under the governor Maximus.
At Broussa in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Patrick, a bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Hungary, St. Pollio, martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, the martyr St. Valeria, who was the wife of St. Vitalis and the mother of Saints Gervase and Protase.
At Alexandria, the martyrdom of the virgin St. Theodora. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was sent to a place of debauchery; but one of the brethren, named Didymus, through the admirable providence of God, delivered her
by quickly exchanging garments with her. He was afterwards beheaded and crowned with her in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Eustratius.
At Tarrazona in Spain, St. Prudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pamphilus, bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity towards the poor and the gift of miracles. His body was buried at Solmona.
At St. Laurent sur Sevres, in the diocese of Lucon, St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, confessor and founder of the Missionaries of the Company of Mary and the Sisters of Wisdom, a form of apostolic life. He was renowned for his preaching and devotion to the Blessed Mother, and was added to the number of the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 29th
Roman Martyrology-April 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, who was slain for the Catholic faith on the 6th day of April.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, renowned for her holy life and her miracles. She was inscribed among the canonized virgins by Pope Pius II. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos in Cyprus, St. Tychicus, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul, who called him in his Epistles, "most dear brother," "faithful minister," and "fellow-servant in the Lord".
At Pisa in Tuscany, the martyr St. Torpes, who filled a high office in the court of Nero, and was one of those of whom the apostle wrote from Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints salute you, especially those that are of the house of Caesar." For the faith of Christ, he was, by order of Satellicus, beaten, cruelly scourged, and delivered to the beasts to be devoured, but remained uninjured. He completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Cirta in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apapius and Secundinus, bishops, who, after a long exile in that city, added to the glory of their priesthood the crown of martyrdom. They suffered in the persecution of Valerian, during which the enraged Gentiles made every effort to shake the faith of the just. In their company suffered Aemilian, a soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, consecrated virgins, and a woman with her twin children.
In the island of Codyra, the seven holy thieves who were converted to Christ by St. Jason, and gained eternal life by martyrdom.
At Naples in Campania, Bishop St. Severus, who, among other prodigies, raised for a short time a dead man from the grave in order to convict of falsehood the lying creditor of a widow and her children.
At Brescia, St. Paulinus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny in France, St. Hugh Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesmes in France, St. Robert, the first abbot of the Cistercians.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 30th
Roman Martyrology-April 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Catherine of Siena, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, who on the previous day went to her heavenly Spouse.
At Saintes in France, blessed Eutropius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop and sent to France by St. Clement. After preaching for many years, he had his skull crushed for bearing testimony to Christ, and thus gained victory by his death.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Amator, a priest, Peter, a monk, and Louis.
At Novara, the martyrdom of the holy priest Laurence, and some boys whom he was teaching.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Aphrodisius, a priest, and thirty martyrs.
At Lambesa in Numidia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marian, a lector, and James, a deacon. The former, after having successfully endured many trials for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Decius, was again arrested with his noble companions, and both were subjected to severe and cruel torments, during which they were twice miraculously comforted by heaven, but finally fell by the sword along with many others.
At Ephesus, the martyr St. Maximus, who received his crown during the persecution of Decius.
At Ferno in Piceno, St. Sophia, virgin and martyr.
At Evorea in Epirus, St. Donatus, a bishop, who was eminent for sanctity in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples in Campania, St. Pomponius, bishop.
At London in England, St. Erkenwald, a bishop celebrated for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, St. Joseph Cottolengo, confessor, founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, full of trust in God and remarkable for his charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-May 1st
Roman Martyrology-May 1st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of the blessed apostles Philip and James. Philip, after having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, went to Hieropolis, a city in Asia, where he was fastened to a cross and stoned, and thus ended his life gloriously. James, who is also called the brother of our Lord, was the first bishop of Jerusalem. Being hurled down from a pinnacle of the temple, his legs were broken, and being struck on the head with a dyer's staff, he expired and was buried near the temple.
At Rome, Pope St. Pius V of the Order of Preachers, who labored zealously and successfully for the re-establishment of church discipline, the stamping out of heresies, and the destruction of the enemies of the Christian name. He governed the Catholic Church by holy laws, and the example of a saintly life. His feast is observed on the fifth day of May.
In Egypt, St. Jeremias, prophet, who was stoned to death by the people at Taphnas, where he was buried. St. Epiphanius tells that the faithful were accustomed to pray at his grave, and to take away from it dust to heal those who were stung by serpents.
In France, in the Province of Vivarias, blessed Andeol, subdeacon, who was sent from the East into Gaul with others by St. Polycarp to preach the word of God. Under Emperor Severus he was scourged with thorny sticks, and having his head split with a wooden sword into four parts, in the shape of a cross, he completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy martyrs Orentius and Patience.
In the town of Columna, in the province of Orleans in France, the martyrdom of St. Sigismund, king of Burgundy. He met death by being drowned in a well, and was afterwards famous for his miracles. His venerable body was later recovered and taken to the monastery of Agaune in the diocese of Sitten where it was honorably entombed.
At Auxerre, St. Amator, bishop and confessor.
At Auch in France, Bishop St. Orientius.
At Llanelwy in Wales, Bishop St. Asaph, in whose memory the cathedral city was later named
At Forli, St. Peregrinus of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, St. Grata, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Note: In the 1962 calendar, May 1 is the Feast of St. Joseph the Worker. The Feast of Sts. Philip and James is celebrated on May 11.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 1:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-May 2nd
Roman Martyrology-May 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, confessor and doctor of the Church, most celebrated for sanctity and learning. Although almost all of the world had formed a conspiracy to persecute him, he courageously defended the Catholic faith, from the reign of Constantine to that of Valens, against emperors, governors, and a multitude of Arian bishops, whose underhanded attacks forced him to wander as an exile over the whole earth without finding a place of security. At length, however, he was restored to his church, and after overcoming many trials, and winning many crowns by his patience, he departed for heaven in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens.
At Florence, Bishop St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, renowned for sanctity and learning. His feast is kept on the 10th of this month.
At Rome, the holy marytrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestine, who after much suffering were thrown into prison, where they found rest in the Lord.
The same day, St. Vindemial, bishop and martyr, who with the holy bishops Eugene and Longinus, combated the Arians by his teaching and miracles, and was beheaded by order of Hunneric, king of the Vandals.
At Seville in Spain, St. Felix, deacon and martyr.
At Attalia in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Exuperius and Zoe, his wife, with their sons, Cyriacus and Theodulus. They were the slaves of a man named Paganus. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, because of their outspoken profession of the Christian faith, their master ordered them to be scourged and severely tortured. They were finally cast into an oven, and in this way gave up their souls to God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-May 3rd
Roman Martyrology-May 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, in the time of Emperor Constantine, the finding of the holy Cross of our Lord.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the holy martyrs Pope Alexander and the priests Eventius and Theodulus. Alexander was bound, imprisoned, racked, lacerated with hooks, burned, and had all his limbs pierced with pointed instruments, and finally met death, under Emperor Hadrian and the judge Aurelian. Eventius and Theodulus after a long imprisonment were exposed to flames and then beheaded.
At Narni, St. Juvenal, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Senario in Etruria, Saints Sosteneo and Ugoccio, confessors, of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Responding to a voice from heaven, they departed this life on the same day and at the same hour, while reciting the angelical salutation. Their feast is observed with the rest of their companions on the 12th day of February.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Alexander, soldier, and Antonina, virgin. In the persecution of Maximian, under the governor Festus, Antonina, having been condemned to remain in a place of debauchery, was delivered by Alexander, who secretly exchanged garments with her, and took her place. They were tortured together, both had their hands cut off, were cast into the fire, and received their crowns at the end of their heroic combat for the faith.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura. The Arian prefect caused them to be tortured, and then fastened to a cross, on which they remained alive for nine days, encouraging each other to persevere in the faith, until they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisia in Caria, the holy martyrs Diodorus and Rodopian, who were stoned to death by their fellow citizens, in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-May 4th
Roman Martyrology-May 4th- on this date in various years-
At Ostia, the birthday of St. Monica, mother of blessed Augustine. He has left us in the ninth book of his Confessions a beautiful sketch of her life.
At the metal mines of Phennes in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, who was crowned with martyrdom with many of his clerics by the command of Caesar Galerius Maximian, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Jerusalem, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Cyriacus, bishop, who was murdered while visiting the holy places.
At Camerinum, St. Porphyry, priest and martyr. Because he converted many to the faith (among them Venantius), he was beheaded during the reign of Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
Also in the mines of Phennes, thirty-nine holy martyrs, who were condemned to work there, to be branded with hot irons, to undergo other torments, and finally all to be beheaded at the same time.
At Lorch in Austria, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Aquilinus, the martyr St. Florian, who was thrown into the River Enns, with a stone tied about his neck.
At Cologne, the martyr St. Paulinus.
At Tarsus, St. Pelagia, virgin, who endured martyrdom under Diocletian by being shut up inside an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of St. Antonia, martyr, who was cruelly tortured, subjected to various torments, suspended by one arm for three days, kept two years in prison, and finally delivered to the flames for the confession of Christ by the governor Priscillian.
At Milan, St. Venerius, a bishop whose virtues are attested to by St. John Chrysostom in the epistle which he had written to him.
In the province of Perigord, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Gothard, bishop and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II.
At Auxerre, St. Curcodomus, deacon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-May 5th
Roman Martyrology-May 5th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius V, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who went to sleep in the Lord on the 1st of May.
At Rome, the martyr St. Silvanus.
Also at Rome, St. Crescentia, martyr.
At Leocata in Sicily, St. Angelus, priest of the Order of Carmelites, who was murdered by the heretics because of his defence of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, St. Euthymius, deacon, who died in prison for the sake of Christ.
At Auxerre, the martyrdom of St. Jovinian, lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Irenæus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who were burned alive.
At Jerusalem, St. Maximus, bishop, whom Maximian Galerius Caesar condemned to the mines, after having plucked out one of his eyes and branded him on the foot with a hot iron. He was afterwards freed, and allowed to rule the church at Jerusalem, where he died in peace, renowned for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Eulogius, bishop and confessor.
At Arles in France, the bishop St. Hilary, noted for his learning and sanctity.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. Nicetus, a man venerable for his piety.
At Bologna, St. Theodore, a bishop who was eminent for merits.
At Milan, the bishop St. Geruntius.
On the same day, St. Sacerdos, bishop of Saguntum.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-May 6th
Roman Martyrology-May 6th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Apostle and Evangelist St. John before the Latin Gate. He was bound and brought to Rome from Ephesus by the order of Domitian, and the Senate condemned him to be taken to that gate and placed in a cauldron of boiling oil, from which he came forth more healthy and vigorous than before.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. John Damascene, priest and doctor of the Church, renowned for sanctity and learning. By means of his writing and preaching, he courageously resisted Leo the Isaurian, in defending the veneration paid to sacred images. By order of this emperor his right hand was cut off, but commending himself before an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which he had defended, his hand was immediately restored to him, entire and sound. His feast day is the 27th of March.
At Cyrene in Africa, Bishop St. Lucius, who is mentioned by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, St. Evodius, who, as the blessed Ignatius wrote to the people of Antioch, was consecrated first bishop of that city by the apostle St. Peter, and ended his life by a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, St. Theodotus, bishop of Cyrinia, who having undergone grievous afflictions under Emperor Licinius, at length yielded his soul to God when peace was restored to the Church.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, St. Protogenes, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Eadbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, famed for his teachings and his piety.
At Rome, the virgin St. Benedicta.
At Salerno, the translation of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist. His revered body, previously transferred from Ethiopia to various countries, was finally taken to Salerno, and with great pomp was there placed in a church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-May 7th
Roman Martyrology-May 7th- on this date in various years-
St. Stanislas, bishop of Cracow and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom on the day following this.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, and niece of the holy martyr, the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St. Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teachings and miracles. The judge ordered the room in which she was with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus completed her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras, on the 12th day of this month.
On the same day, St. Juvenal, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Flavius, Augustus and Augustine, all brothers.
In the same city, St. Quadratus, martyr, who was frequently tortured in the persecution of Decius, and at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. John, bishop, renowned for a saintly life and miracles.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Stephen protomartyr, which was brought from Constantinople to Rome by Pope Pelagius I, and laid in the sepulchre of the martyr St. Lawrence in the Agro Verano, where it is honoured with great devotion by the pious faithful.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-May 8th
Roman Martyrology-May 8th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the apparition of St. Michael Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII named the patron and protector of radiologists and radiotherapists.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. Stanislas, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the wicked King Boleslas. His feast was celebrated on the previous day.
At Milan, the birthday of th holy martyr Victor, a Moor. He became a Christian in his youth and served in the imperial army. When Maximian wished to force him to offer sacrifice to idols, he persevered with the greatest fortitude in the confession of the Lord. He was first beaten with rods, but by God's protection without feeling any pain. Following this, melted lead was poured over him, which did him no injury whatever. The career of his glorious martyrdom was finally ended by his being beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Acathius, who, being denounced as a Christian by the tribune Firmus, and cruelly tortured at Perinthus by the judge Bibian, was finally condemned to death at Byzantium by the procunsul Flaccinus. His body was afterwards miraculously brought to the shore of Squillace in Calabria, where it is preserved with honour.
At Rome, Pope St. Boniface IV, who dedicated the Pantheon to the honour of our Lady and the martyrs.
Also at Rome, St. Benedict II, pope and confessor.
At Vienne in France, St. Denis, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helladius, bishop.
In the monastery of Bella Vallis, in the diocese of Besançon, St. Peter, Cistercian monk, who was made bishop of Tarantaise in Savoy.
At Ruremonde in Holland, St. Wiro, bishop of Scotland.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 8:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-May 9th
Roman Martyrology-May 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nazianzum, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian because of his remarkable knowledge of divinity. At Constantinople, he restored the Catholic faith which was fast waning, and repressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, St. Hermas, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. Generously sacrificing himself, he became an offering acceptable to God, and outstanding for his virtues he took his departure for the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of St. Gerontius, bishop of Cervia.
In Persia, three hundred and ten holy martyrs.
In Egypt, the abbot St. Pachomius, who founded many monasteries in that country, and wrote a rule for monks which he had learned from the dictation of an angel.
In the town of Windisch in France, the death of St. Beatus, confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, bishop of that city, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, celebrated for his sanctity and and for his work as an apostolic legate. His body was buried at Florence in the monastery of the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the translation of the apostle St. Andrew and the evangelist St. Luke, out of Achaia, and of Timothy, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, from Ephesus. The body of St. Andrew, long after, was conveyed to Amalfi, where it is honoured by the pious gatherings of the faithful. From his tomb there continually flows a liquid which heals diseases.
At Rome, also, the translation of St. Jerome, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church. His body was taken from Bethlehem of Judea to the basilica of St. Mary of the Manger.
At Bari in Apulia, the translation also of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 9:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-May 10th
Roman Martyrology-May 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Antoninus of the Order of Preachers, confessor and archbishop of Florence, whose birthday is the 2nd of May.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Gordian and Epimachus. In the time of Julian the Apostate, the former was a long time scourged and finally beheaded for confessing the name of Christ. He was buried at night by the Christians, in a crypt to which, shortly before, the remains of the blessed martyr Epimachus had been transferred from Alexandria, where he had been martyred for the faith of Christ on the 12th of December.
In the land of Hus, the holy prophet Job, a man of wonderful patience.
At Rome, the blessed priest and martyr Caleposius, who was killed with the sword by order of Emperor Alexander. His body was dragged through the city and thrown into the Tiber. It was afterwards found and buried by Pope Callistus. The consul Palmatius was also beheaded with his wife, his sons, and forty-two of both sexes belonging to his household; likewise the senator Simplicius with his wife, and sixty-eight of his house; Felix also with his wife Blanda. The heads of all these martyrs were exposed over different gates of the city in order to terrify the Christians.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy martyrs Quartus and Quinctus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Alphius, Philadelphis, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, St. Dioscorides, martyr.
At Taranto, St. Cataldus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, St. Isidore the Farmer. Being well known for his miracles, Pope Gregory XV placed him in the number of saints at the same time with St. Ignatius, St. Francis Xavier, St. Teresa, and St. Philip Neri.
At Milan, the finding of the bodies of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus. The blessed bishop Ambrose found the body of St. Nazarius covered with blood still fresh, and transferred it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of the blessed Celsus, a youth whom Nazarius had taken care of, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be slain with the sword on the 28th of July, on which day their martyrdom is commemorated.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-May 11th
Roman Martyrology-May 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of blessed Anthimus, priest, who, after having distinguished himself by his virtues and preaching, was cast into the Tiber during the persecution of Diocletian. He was rescued by an angel and restored to his oratory. Afterwards he was beheaded, and went victoriously to heaven.
In the same place, St. Evelius, martyr, who belonged to the household of Nero. By witnessing the martyrdom of St. Torpes, he also believed in Christ, and for him was beheaded.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the holy martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius, who were put to death during the reign of Diocletian.
At Osimo in Piceno, the holy martyrs Sisinius, a deacon, Diocletius and Florentius, disciples of the priest St. Anthimus, whose martyrdom was completed under Diocletian by their being stoned.
At Camerino, the holy martyrs Anastasius and his companions who were killed in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Antiochus.
At Varennes in France, St. Gangulphus, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Mamertus, bishop, who, to avert an impending calamity, instituted in that city the three days' Litanies immediately before the Ascension of our Lord. This rite was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Souvigny in France, the death of St. Maieul, abbot of Cluny, whose life was distinguished for merits and sanctity.
At Naples in Campania, St. Francis of Jerome, priest of the Society of Jesus, and confessor. He was born in the town of Grottaglia, in the diocese of Taranto. Having been a man of great patience and zeal for the salvation of souls, he was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Illuminatus, confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ignatius of Laconi, confessor, of the Minor Order of Capuchins, distinguished for his humility, charity and miracles. He was accorded the honour of canonization by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-May 12th
Roman Martyrology-May 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, brothers, who underwent a long exile for Christ in the island of Pontia with Flavia Domitilla, whose chamberlains they were. Afterwards they endured a most severe scourging. Finally, as the judge, Minutius Rufus, endeavoured by using the rack and fire to force them to offer sacrifices, they said that having been baptized by the blessed apostle Peter, they could by no means sacrifice to idols. They were beheaded, and their revered remains, with those of Flavia Domitilla, were, by order of Pope Clement VIII, solemnly transferred the day before this, from the sacristy of St. Adrian to the church in which they had been kept in the first place, and which was now repaired. He also ordered today's observance of the feast of St. Domitilla, the virgin, whose martyrdom was mentioned on the 7th of May.
In the same place, on the Aurelian Way, the holy martyr Pancras who at fourteen years of age endured martyrdom by being beheaded under Diocletian.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Epiphanius, a bishop of great erudition, with a profound knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. He is to be admired for the sanctity of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his charity to the poor, and the gift of miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Germanus, a bishop distinguished by his virtues and learning, who faithfully opposed Leo the Isaurian for publishing an edict against sacred images.
At Treves, St. Modoaldus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Denis, uncle of the martyr St. Pancras.
At Agirone in Sicily, St. Philip, a priest who was sent to that island by the Roman Pontiff, and converted to Christ a great portion of it. His sanctity is particularly manifested by the deliverance of persons possessed.
In the city of Calzada in Spain, St. Dominic, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-May 13th[
Roman Martyrology-May 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, cardinal and one time bishop of Capua, confessor and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 17th of September.
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Phocas, the dedication of the church of St. Mary of the Martyrs, formerly a temple of all the gods, called the Pantheon, which was purified and dedicated by the blessed Pope Bonface IV to the honour of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin, and of all the martyrs. The solemn anniversary of this dedication was later ordered to be kept by Pope Gregory IV as the Feast of All Saints on the 1st of November.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Laudicius, the blessed Mucius, priest and martyr, who endured many tribulations and torments for the confession of Christ at Amphipolis, and then being taken to Byzantium, suffered death.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who were put to death for the Catholic faith by the Arians in the church of St. Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, St. Glyceria, a Roman martyr who suffered many severe torments under Emperor Antonius and the governor Sabinus. By the help of God having escaped them all unharmed, she was finally thrown to the wild beasts, and when the first one had bitten her body, she rendered her soul to God.
At Utrecht, St. Servatius, bishop of Tongres, whose grave, as a public sign of his merit, was free from snow during winter (although everything around was covered with it), until the inhabitants built a church over it.
In Palestine, St. John the Silent, who resigned the see of Colonia in Armenia and retired to the monastery of St. Sabbas until his saintly death.
At La Puye in the diocese of Poitiers, St. André-Hubert Fournet, confessor and one time parish priest, and founder with St. Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Holy Cross. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-May 14th
Roman Martyrology-May 14th- on this date in various years-
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyr Boniface, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian. His body was subsequently taken to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In France, St. Pontius, martyr. Having by his preaching and his zeal converted to the faith of Christ the two Caesars Philippi, he obtained the palm of martyrdom under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Victor and Corona, under Emperor Antoninus. Victor was subjected to diverse and horrible torments by the judge Sebastian. Just then, as Corona, the the wife of a certain soldier, proclaimed him blessed for his constancy in his sufferings, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one for Victor, the other for herself. She related this to all present, and was torn to pieces between two trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferentino in Tuscany, Bishop St. Boniface, who was renowned for sanctity and miracles from his childhood as is told by the blessed Pope Gregory.
In the town of Betharram in the diocese of Bayonne, St. Michael Garricoits, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart, renowned for his apostolic fervour. Pope Pius XII added him to the roll of saints.
At Nizza Monferrato in Italy, St. Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-founder of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, and renowned for her humility, prudence and charity. She was added to the book of Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-May 15th
Roman Martyrology-May 15th- on this date in various years-
St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor, who founded the Society of Brothers of the Christian Schools. He went to rest in the Lord on the 7th of April.
In Spain, the Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Cecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were consecrated bishops at Rome by the holy apostles, and sent to Spain to preach the word of God. When they had evangelized various cities, and brought innumerable multitudes under the yoke of Christ, they rested in peace in different places in that country: Torquatus at Cadiz, Ctesiphon at Vierco, Secundus at Avila, Indaletius at Portilla, Cecilius at Elvira, Hesychius at Gibraltar, and Euphrasius at Anduxar.
At Fausina in Sardinia, in the time of Diocletian and the governor Barbarus, Bishop St. Simplicius, who was pierced with a lance and thus gained martyrdom.
At Evora in Portugal, St. Mancius, martyr.
In the island of Chio, the birthday of blessed Isidore, martyr, in whose church is a well into which he is said to have been thrown. By drinking of the water of this well, the sick are frequently cured.
At Lampascum in the Hellespont, the martyrdom of the Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
In the Auvergne in France, the holy martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, St. Dympna, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Ireland. By order of her father, she was beheaded for the faith of Christ and the preservation of her virginity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-May 16th
Roman Martyrology-May 16th- on this date in various years-
At Gubbio, St. Ubaldus, bishop and confessor renowned for his miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of St. Peregrinus, first bishop of that city. He was sent into France with other clerics by the blessed Pope Sixtus II, and having accomplished his work of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment, and merited for himself an everlasting crown.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Audas, a bishop, seven priests, nine deacons and seven virgins, who endured various kins of torments under King Isdegerdes, and thus gloriously completed their martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, St. John Nepomucene, a canon of the cathedral church, who, being tempted in vain to betray the secret of confession, was cast into the River Moldau, and thus won the palm of martyrdom.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aquilinus and Victorian.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the martyrdom of the holy monks massacred by the Saracens in the monastery of St. Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Lithuania, St. Andrew Bobola, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having suffered many kinds of torments at the hands of the schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in France, St. Honoratus, bishop.
At Le Mans in France, St. Domnolus, bishop.
At Mirandola in Aemilia, St. Possidius, bishop of Calamae, and disciple of St. Augustine, of whose glorious life he wrote a history.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the death of St. Brendan, abbot of Clonfert.
At Treves in France, St. Fidolus, confessor.
At Frejus in France, St. Maxima, virgin, who died in peace with a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-May 18th
Roman Martyrology-May 18th- on this date in various years-
For 2023 On Mount Olivet, the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 18:
CHAPTER III
Of Calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-May 19th
Roman Martyrology-May 19th- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-May 20th
Roman Martyrology-May 20th- on this date in various years-
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 22:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-May 24th
Roman Martyrology-May 24th- on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robustian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 24:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-May 25th
Roman Martyrology-May 25th- on this date in various years-
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 25:
CHAPTER VI
Of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-May 26th
Roman Martyrology-May 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-May 27th
Roman Martyrology-May 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-May 28th
Roman Martyrology-May 28th- on this date in various years-
For 2023 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-May 29th
Roman Martyrology-May 29th- on this date in various years-
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-May 30th
Roman Martyrology-May 30th- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in spreading the faith. After conquering the Moors he left his kingdom on earth to pass happily to that of heaven.
At Rouen, St. Joan of Arc, virgin, called the Maid of Orleans. After fighting heroically for her fatherland, she was at the end delivered into the hands of the enemies, condemned by an unjust judge, and burned at the stake. The supreme Pontiff Benedict XV placed her name on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-May 31st
Roman Martyrology-May 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Angela Merici, virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was the foundress of the Nuns of St. Ursula, and was called by her heavenly Spouse on the 27th of January in order to receive an incorruptible crown.
At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.
At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Torres in Sardinia, St. Crescentian, martyr.
At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded.
At Verona, St. Lupicinus, bishop.
At Rome, St. Paschasius, deacon and confessor, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-June 1st
Roman Martyrology-June 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Juventius, martyr.
At Autun, the Saints Reverian, bishop, and Paul, a priest, along with ten others, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea in Palestine, blessed Pamphilus, priest and martyr, a man of remarkable sanctity and learning, and great charity to the poor. In the persecution of Galerius Maximian, he was tortured for the faith of Christ, under Governor Urbanus, and thrown into prison. Later he was again subjected to torments under Firmilian, and he completed his martyrdom with others. At the same time, there suffered Valens, a deacon, and Paul, and nine others, whose commemoration occurs on other days.
In Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Simplicius, the holy martyr Thespesius, who, after undergoing many torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, under Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Ischyrion, a military officer, and five other soldiers, who were put to death in various ways for the faith of Christ.
Also, St. Firmus, martyr , who was scourged most severely, struck with stones, and finally beheaded during the persecution of Maximian.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers under Decius, who were tortured in several ways, and by a glorious death won the palm of martyrdom.
At Bologna, St. Proculus, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia in Umbria, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Secundus, martyr, who fulfilled his martyrdom when thrown into the Tiber.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Crescentian, a Roman soldier, crowned with martyrdom under the same emperor.
In the monastery of Lerins, the abbot St. Caprasius.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of Onia, St. Eneco, Benedictine abbot, made illustrious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, a priest renowned for his virtues and his miracles.
At Treves, St. Simeon, a monk, whom Pope Benedict IX numbered among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-June 2nd
Roman Martyrology-June 2nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyr Marcellinus, priest, and Peter, exorcist, who instructed in the faith many persons kept in prison. Under Diocletian, they were loaded with chains, and after enduring many torments, were beheaded by Judge Serenus, in a place which was then called the Black Forest, but which was in their honour afterwards known as the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt near St. Tiburtius, and Pope St. Damasus composed an epitaph in verse for their tomb.
In Campania, during the reign of Decius, St. Erasmus, bishop and martyr, who was first scourged with leaded whips and then severely beaten with rods. He also had resin, brimstone, lead, pitch, wax, and oil poured over him, without receiving any injury. Afterwards, under Maximian, he was again subjected to various and most horrible tortures at Mola, but still was preserved from death by the power of God in order to confirm others in the faith. Finally, celebrated for his sufferings, and called by God, he closed his life by a peaceful and holy death. His body was afterwards transferred to Gaeta.
At Lyons, many holy martyrs (Photinus, a bishop, Sanctus, a deacon, Vetius, Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others), whose many valiant trials in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus are recorded in a letter from the church at Lyons to the churches of Asia and Phrygia. St. Blandina, one of these martyrs, was weaker by reason of her sex, more infirm in body, and of a lower station in life, and yet she encountered longer and more terrible trials than the rest. But remaining unshaken, she was put to the sword, and followed those whom she had exhorted to win the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Marmara, in the Sea of Marmara, St. Nicephorus, bishop of Constantinople. In defence of the traditions of the Fathers and of the veneration of sacred images, he set himself firmly against the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian, by whom he was sent into exile. There he underwent a long martyrdom of fourteen years and then departed for the kingdom of God.
At Rome, Pope St. Eugene I, Confessor.
At Trani in Apulia, St. Nicholas Peregrinus, confessor, whose miracles were recounted in the Roman Council under Pope Urban II.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-June 3rd
Roman Martyrology-June 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Arezzo in Tuscany, during the persecution of Decius, under Governor Tiburtius, the holy martyrs Pergentinus and Laurentinus, brothers, who being as yet children, were put to the sword after they had endured cruel torments and performed many miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Lucillian and four boys, Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Denis. Lucillian, formerly a pagan priest, but now a Christian, was cast with them into a furnace after undergoing many torments, but the flames were extinguished by the rain and all escaped injury. Finally their lives were ended under the governor Silvanus, Lucillian by crucifixion, the children by beheading.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Isaac, a monk who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Paula, virgin and martyr, who was arrested while gathering the blood of the martyrs just mentioned. She was beaten with rods and thrown into the fire, but was delivered from it. She was at length beheaded in the same place where St. Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, St. Caecilius, the priest who converted St. Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the diocese of Orleans, St. Lifard, priest and confessor.
At Lucca in Tuscany, St. Davinus, confessor.
At Anagni, St. Olive, virgin.
At Paris, St. Clotilde, queen, by whose prayers her husband, King Clovis, was converted to the faith of Christ.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-June 4th
Roman Martyrology-June 4th- on this date in various years-
For 2023 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
At Agnone in Abruzzo, St. Francis of the noble Neapolitan family Caracciolo, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of Minor Clerks Regular. He burned with an admirable love of God and of neighbour, and a most ardent desire to spread devotion to the Most Holy Eucharist. His body was taken to Naples in Campania, where it is religiously honoured. He was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints by Pius VII.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Sissek in Illyria, in the time of Governor Galerius, St. Quirinus, bishop. Prudentius relates that for the faith of Christ he was thrown into a river with a millstone tied to his neck. But the stone floated, and he for a long time exhorted the Christians who were present not to be terrified by his punishment, nor to waver in the faith, and then obtained of God by his prayers that he should be drowned in order to attain the glory of martyrdom.
At Milan, in the reign of Emperor Nero, St. Clateus, bishop of Brescia and martyr. By order of the prefect of the city he was arrested, and when he would not deny Christ he was cruelly scourged and beheaded.
In Hungary, the holy martyrs Rutilus and his companions.
At Tivoli, St Quirinus, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Saturnina, virgin and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Metrophanes, bishop and renowned confessor.
At Milevi in Numidia, St. Optatus, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness. The holy Fathers of the Church, Augustine and Fulgentius, prasied him highly.
At Verona, St. Alexander, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-June 5th
Roman Martyrology-June 5th- on this date in various years-
In Friesland, St. Boniface, bishop of Mainz, and martyr. He went from England to Rome, and was then sent by Pope Gregory II to Germany to preach the faith of Christ to the people of that country. After converting large multitudes to the Christian religion, especially in Friesland, he merited the title Apostle of the Germans. His martyrdom was fulfilled by being put to the sword by the furious heathens, along with his fellow bishop Eobanus and some other servants of God.
At Tyre, St. Dorotheus, a priest, who suffered greatly under Diocletian, but survived until the reign of Julian, under whom his venerable age of one hundred and seven years was crowned with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who suffered a glorious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were beheaded in the persecution of Decius.
At Cordova in Spain, blessed Sancho, a youth brought up in the royal court, who did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the persecution by the Arabs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Zenaides, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, who joyfully attained martyrdom through many torments.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-June 6th
Roman Martyrology-June 6th- on this date in various years-
At Magdeburg, St. Norbert, bishop of that city, confessor. He was the founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Philip, one of the first seven deacons. He was renowned for miracles and prodigies. He converted Samaria to the faith of Christ, baptized the eunuch of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, and finally rested in peace at Caesarea. Near him are buried three of his daughters, virgins and prophetesses. His fourth daughter died at Ephesus, filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, St. Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Artemius became a believer through the preaching and miracles of St. Peter the Exorcist, who was baptized with all his household by the priest St. Marcellinus. By order of Judge Serenus, he was scourged with leaded whips, and then slain with the sword. His wife and daughter were forced into a pit and covered with stones and earth.
In the district of Bologna, St. Alexander, bishop of Fiesole and martyr. While returning from the town of Pavia, where he had defended the title to the goods of his church before the Lombard king against those taking them away, he was seized by the usurpers, cast into the Rhine river, and drowned.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and the governor Simplicius, twenty holy martyrs, who, through various torments to their bodies, glorified God.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their companions.
At Milan, the death of St. Eustorgius II, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, the bishop St. John.
At Besancon, France, the bishop St. Claudius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-June 7th
Roman Martyrology-June 7th- on this date in various years-
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Paul, bishop of that city. For the Catholic faith, he was often driven out of his see by the Arians, but restored to it by the Roman Pontiff, St. Julius I. Finally the Arian emperor Constantius banished him to Cucusum, a small town of Cappadocia. There, by the intrigue of the Arians, he was barbarously strangled, and thus departed for the heavenly kingdom. His body was taken to Constantinople with the greatest honour during the reign of Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Peter, a priest, Wallabonsus, a deacon, Sabinianus, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremias, all of whom were monks. Their throats were cut at the time of the Arab persecution because they had confessed Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, St. Licarion, martyr, who had his body lacerated, was scourged with heated iron rods, and endured other horrible torments, after which his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
At Placentia, St. Anthony Mary Gianelli, bishop of Bobbio, and founder of the Congregation of Sisters of our Lady of the Garden. Pope Pius XII numbered him among the saints of heaven.
In England, St. Robert, an abbot of the Cistercian Order.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-June 8th
Roman Martyrology-June 8th- on this date in various years-
At Aix in France, St. Maximin, first bishop of that city, who is said to have been a disciple of the Lord.
On the same day, St. Calliopa, martyr, who for the faith of Christ received the palm of martyrdom. Her breasts had been cut away, her flesh burned, she was rolled on broken pottery, and was at last beheaded.
At York in England, St. William, archbishop and confessor, who, among other miracles wrought at his tomb, raised three persons from the dead. He was placed in the calendar of the saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons in France, the birthday of St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, St. Gildard, bishop, brother of this same St. Medard. They were born on the same day, consecrated bishops at the same time, and were taken from this life on the same day, entering heaven together.
At Sens, the bishop St. Heraclius.
At Metz, the bishop St. Clodulph.
In Piceno, St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, St. Sallustian, confessor.
At Camerino, St. Victorinus, confessor, the twin brother of St. Severin, bishop of Septempeda.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-June 9th
Roman Martyrology-June 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nomento in the Sabine Hills, the birthday of the holy martyrs Primus and Felician, under the emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious martyrs lived long in the service of the Lord, and endured sometimes together, sometimes separately, various cruel torments. They were finally beheaded by Promotus, governor of Nomento, and thus happily ended their trial. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome and honorably buried in the Church of St. Stephen the Protomartyr on the Cælian Hill.
At Agen in France, the passion of St. Vincent, deacon and martyr. For the faith of Christ, he was cruelly scourged and then beheaded.
At Antioch, St. Pelagia, virgin and martyr, who has been eulogized by St. Ambrose and St. John Chrysostom.
At Syracuse in Sicily, Bishop St. Maximian, who is frequently mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Andria in Apulia, St. Richard, first bishop of that city, who is famed for his miracles.
In the island of Iona in Scotland, St. Columba, priest and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Julian, a monk whose memorable deeds have been related by the deacon St. Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Reminder: For 2023 today, Thursday June 8, is the Feast of Corpus Christi.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-June 10th
Roman Martyrology-June 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Margaret, widow, queen of Scotland, who slept in the Lord on the 16th of November.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the martyrdom of blessed Getulius, a very learned nobleman, and his companions, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. By order of Emperor Hadrian they were arrested by the ex-consul Licinius, scourged, thrown into prison, and then delivered to the flames. But the fire did not injure them, and their heads were crushed with clubs, thus ending their martyrdom. Their bodies were taken by Symphorosa, wife of blessed Getulius, and reverently interred on her own estate.
Also at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the Saints Basilides, Tripos, Mandal, and twenty other martyrs, under Emperor Aurelian and Plato, the governor of the city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop and martyr. For having vigorously defended the Nicene Creed he was exiled by Emperor Constantius, where he died worn out by his trials.
At Prusias in Bithynia, St. Timothy, bishop and martyr. He was beheaded during the reign of Julian the Apostate because he refused to deny Christ.
At Cologne, St. Maurinus, abbot and martyr
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Zachary.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra in Africa, St. Asterius, a bishop who suffered greatly for the Catholic faith at the hands of the Arians. He was banished to Africa by Emperor Constantius, and there died as a glorious confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Censurius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-June 11th
Roman Martyrology-June 11th- on this date in various years-
At Salamina in Cyprus, the birthday of the apostle St. Barnabas, a native of that place. He was ordained by the disciples as Apostle of the Gentiles with St. Paul, and travelled with him over many regions, exercising the function committed unto him of preaching the Gospel. At last he went back to Cyprus, where he ennobled his apostolate by a glorious martyrdom. His body was found by his own revelation, in the time of Emperor Zeno, together with a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel written with his own hand.
At Salamanca in Spain, St. John of St, Facundus, a confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, renowned for his zeal for the faith, for holiness of life, and for miracles. His feast is celebrated on the day following.
At Aquileia, the martyrdom of the Saints Felix and Fortunatus, brothers. In the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, they were placed on the rack, and had flaming torches held against their sides. These were extinguished by the power of God, and boiling oil was poured over them. As they persevered in confessing Christ, they were beheaded.
At Bremen, the birthday of St. Rembert, bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, St. Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, confessor and monk of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the translation of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose revered body was brought from Constantinople to Rome, and kept for a long time in the Church of the Mother of God. It was then transferred with great solemnity by Pope Gregory XIII to a chapel of the basilica of St. Peter, magnificently decorated by His Holiness, and the next day placed with due honour beneath the altar.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-June 12th
Roman Martyrology-June 12th- on this date in various years-
St. John of St. Facundus, confessor of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who died on the 11th of June.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, and under the prefect Aurelius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, all soldiers who were cast into prison for the confession of the Christian name, scourged with knotted whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Antonina, martyr. She was scourged by order of the govenor Priscillian during the same persecution, then racked, lacerated, exposed to the fire, and finally put to the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican basilica, Pope St. Leo II, to whom God miraculously restored his eyes and his tongue after they had been torn out by impious men.
In Thrace, St. Olumpius, a bishop, who was driven out of his diocese by the Arians, and died a confessor.
In Cilicia, Bishop St. Amphion, a celebrated confessor of the time of Galerius Maximian.
In Egypt, St. Onuphrius, an anchoret, who for sixty years led a religious life in the desert, and renowned for great virtues and merits departed for heaven. His admirable deeds have been recorded by Abbot Paphnutius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-June 13th
Roman Martyrology-June 13th- on this date in various years-
At Padua, St. Anthony, a native of Portugal, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life, his miracles, and his preaching. Pope Gregory IX placed him on the canon of the saints within a year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of St. Felicula, virgin and martyr, who was delivered to the judge for refusing to marry Flaccus and to sacrifice to idols. As she persevered in the confession of Christ, he confined her in a dark dungeon without food, and afterwards caused her to be stretched on the rack until she expired. She was then thrown into a sewer, but St. Nicomedes the Priest recovered her body and buried it on this road.
In Abruzzi, St. Peregrinus, bishop and martyr. For the Catholic faith he was thrown into the river Aterno by the Lombards.
At Cordova in Spain, in the persecution of the Arabs, St. Fandila, a priest and monk, who underwent martyrdom by beheading for the faith of Christ.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, St. Aquilina, virgin and martyr, at the age of twelve years, under Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian. For the confession of the faith, she was beaten, scourged, pierced with heated stakes, and finally being struck with a sword, consecrated her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, St. Triphyllius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-June 14th
Roman Martyrology-June 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Basil, surnamed the Great, confessor and doctor of the Church. He died on the 1st of January, but his feast is celebrated today, for it was on this day that he was consecrated bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Eliseus, whose grave, says St. Jerome, makes the demons tremble. With him also rests the prophet Abdias.
At Syracuse in Sicily, St. Marcian, bishop, who was made bishop by blessed Peter, and killed by the Jews after he had preached the Gospel.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Anastasius, a priest, Felix, a monk, and Digna, virgin.
At Soissons in France, the holy martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, after enduring many torments, were condemned to be beheaded by the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Constantinople, St. Methodius, bishop.
At Vienne, St. Aetherius, bishop.
At Rodez in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-June 15th
Roman Martyrology-June 15th- on this date in various years-
Near the river Silaro in Lucania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who were brought there from Sicily in the reign of the emperor Diocletian. They were plunged into a vessel of molten lead, exposed to the beasts, and stretched on the rack, but after having survived these torments through the power of God, they came to the end of their glorious trials.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Hesychius, a soldier, who was arrested with blessed Julius, and under the governor Maximus followed him to the crown of martyrdom.
At Zephirium in Cilicia, St. Dulas, martyr under the governor Maximus. For the name of Christ, he was scourged, laid on the gridiron, scalded with boiling oil, and after enduring other trials, received for his victory the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Benildes, martyr.
At Palmyra in Sicily, the holy martyrs Libya and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who won the crown of martyrdom by various torments.
At Vallenciennes in France, the death of St. Landelin, abbot.
In Auvergne in France, St. Abraham, confessor, illustrious by his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac in the diocese of Toulouse, St. Germaine Cousin, virgin. After a life of poverty, humility, and patient suffering amidst many trials as shepherdess of her flocks, she went to her heavenly spouse, and became renowned for numerous miracles after her death. Pope Pius IX placed her in the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-June 16th
Roman Martyrology-June 16th- on this date in various years-
At Mainz, the passion of the Saints Aureus and Justina, his sister, and other martyrs who were massacred by the Huns, at that time devastating Germany, while they were in church at Mass.
At Besancon in France, the holy martyrs Ferreol, a priest, and Ferruntion, a deacon, who were sent by the blessed bishop Irenæus to preach the word of God, and after being exposed to various torments under Judge Claudius, were put to the sword.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the holy martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, his mother. Cyricus, a child of three years, seeing his mother cruelly scourged with whips in the presence of the governor Alexander, and crying bitterly, was killed by being dashed against the steps of the tribunal. Julitta, after being subjected to severe lashings and grievous torments, closed the course of her martyrdom by beheading.
At Amathus in Cyprus, St. Tychon, a bishop in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyons, the death of blessed Aurelian, bishop of Arles.
At Nantes in Brittany, St. Similian, bishop and confessor.
At Meissen in Germany, St. Benno, bishop.
In the monastery of Aywieres in Brabant, St. Lutgard, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-June 17th
Roman Martyrology-June 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two martyrs, who were put to death for the faith of Christ, and buried on the old Salarian Way, at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Besancon in France, St. Antidius, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Isaurus, a deacon, Innocent, Felix, Jeremias, and Peregrinus, all of them Athenians who were tortured in various ways by the tribune Tripontius, and beheaded.
At Terracina in Campania, St. Montanus, a soldier, who received the crown of martyrdom after suffering many torments, in the time of Emperor Hadrian and the governor Leontius.
At Venafro in Campania, the holy martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who were beheaded in the persecution of Maximian.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismæl, whom the king of Persia sent as ambassadors to Julian the Apostate to obtain peace. Having firmly refused to worship idols when commanded by the emperor, they were put to the sword.
At Amelia in Umbria, Bishop St. Himerius, whose body was translated to Cremona.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Gundulphus, bishop.
At Orleans in France, St. Avitus, priest and confessor.
In Phrygia, St. Hypatius, confessor.
Also, St. Bessarion, anchoret.
At Pisa in Tuscany, St. Rainerius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days (cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-June 18th
Roman Martyrology-June 18th- on this date in various years-
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, St. Ephraem, deacon of the church of Edessa in the time of Emperor Valens and confessor. After suffering many trials for the faith of Christ and gaining great renown for holiness and learning, he went to rest in the Lord. He was declared a doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, in the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the saintly brothers Mark and Marcellian, martyrs, who were arrested by the judge Fabian, tied to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet. Because they would not cease praising the name of Christ they were pierced through the sides with lances, and thus went to the kingdom of heaven with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga in Spain, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and the virgin Paula, who were overwhelmed with stones, and yielded up their souls to God.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, in the time of the governor Adrian, St. Leontius, a soldier, who attained the crown of martyrdom through bitter torments together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ.
The same day, St. Aetherius, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. After enduring fire and other torments, he was put to death with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Marina, virgin.
At Bordeaux, St. Amandus, bishop and confessor.
At Sacca in Sicily, St. Calogerus, hermit, whose holiness is shewn especially in the deliverance of possessed persons.
At Schongau in Germany, St. Elizabeth, virgin, celebrated for her observance of the monastic life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-June 19th
Roman Martyrology-June 19th- on this date in various years-
At Florence, St. Juliana Falconieri, virgin, foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was placed among the holy virgins by the Sovereign Pontiff, Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Gervase and Protase, brothers. The former, by order of the judge Astasius, was scourged with leaded whips for so long that he expired. The latter, after being scourged with rods, was beheaded. Through divine revelation their bodies were found by St. Ambrose. They were partly covered with blood, and as free from corruption as if they had been put to death that very day. When the translation took place, a blind man recovered his sight by touching their relics, and many persons possessed by demons were delivered.
At the monastery in the valley of Castro in Piceno, the birthday of St. Romuald, anchoret, a native of Ravenna. He was the founder of the Camaldolese monks, and he restored and greatly extended monastic discipline, which was much relaxed in Italy. His feast is observed on the 7th of February, on which day his sacred relics were transferred to Fabriano.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the holy martyrs Gaudentius, bishop, and Culmatius, deacon, who were murdered by the furious heathen, during the reign of Valentinian.
Also, St. Boniface, martyr, a disciple of blessed Romuald, who was sent by the Roman Pontiff, Gregory V, to preach the Gospel in Russia. Having passed through fire uninjured, and baptized the king and his people, he was killed by the enraged brother of the king, and thus gained the palm of martyrdom which he ardently desired.
At Ravenna, St. Ursicinus, martyr, who remained constant through many torments in the confession of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sozopolis, under the governor Domitian, during the persecution of Trajan, St. Zosimus, martyr, who suffered bitter tortures, was beheaded, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-June 20th
Roman Martyrology-June 20th- on this date in various years-
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of St. Silverius, pope and martyr. For refusing to reinstate the heretical bishop Anthimus who had been deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, he was banished to the isle of Pontia by Belisarius, prompted by the wicked empress Theodora. He died there,consumed by many tribulations for the Catholic faith.
At Rome, the death of St. Novatius, son of the blessed senator Pudens, and brother of the saintly priest Timothy and the holy virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who had been instructed in the faith by the apostles. Their house was converted into a church, and bore the title of the Shepherd.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra in Palestine, St. Macarius, a bishop, who suffered many things from the Arians, and was banished to Africa where he rested in the Lord.
At Seville in Spain, the holy virgin Florentina, sister of the sainted bishops Leander and Isidore.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-June 21st
Roman Martyrology-June 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Aloysius Gonzaga, cleric of the Society of Jesus and confessor, most renowned for his contempt of the princely dignity and the innocence of his life. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints as special protector of young students; Pope Pius XI confirmed this and again solemnly declared him to be the heavenly patron of all Christian youth.
Also at Rome, St. Demetria, virgin, daughter of the holy martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa, and the sister of St. Bibiana, virgin and martyr. She was crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
The same day, St. Eusebius, bishop of Samosata. In the time of the Arian emperor Constantius, he disguised himself in military dress and visited the churches of God to confirm them in the faith. He was banished into Thrace by Valens, but when peace was restored to the Church in the reign of Theodosius, he was recalled. When he again visited the churches, an Arian woman threw a tile down upon him, which fractured his skull and made him a martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Terence, bishop and martyr.
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, St. Alban, martyr, who was made worthy of the crown of life, after long labors and severe combats.
At Pavia, St. Ursiscenus, bishop and confessor.
At Tongres, St. Martin, bishop.
In the parts of Evreux, St. Leutfrid, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-June 22nd
Roman Martyrology-June 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of blessed Paulinus, bishop and confessor, who, although a noble and wealthy man, made himself poor and humble for Christ; and what is still more admirable, became a slave to liberate a widow's son who had been carried to Africa by the Vandals when they devastated Campania. He was celebrated, not only for his learning and great holiness of life, but also for his power over demons. His great merit has been extolled by Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory in their writings. His body was translated to Benevento, and later to Rome, but was taken back to Nola by the order of Pope Pius X.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. John Fisher, bishop of Rochester and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. For the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff he was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII. His feast is celebrated with that of St. Thomas More on the 9th of July.
On Mt. Ararat, the martyrdom of ten thousand holy martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulam in England, in the time of Diocletian, St. Alban, martyr, who gave himself up in order to save a cleric whom he had harboured. After being scourged and subjected to bitter torments, he was sentenced to capital punishment. With him also suffered one of the soldiers who led him to execution, for he was converted to Christ on the way and merited to be baptized in his own blood. St. Venerable Bede has left an account of the noble combat of St. Alban and his companion.
At Samaria in Palestine, fourteen hundred and eighty holy martyrs, under Chosroes, king of Persia.
The same day, St. Nicaeas, bishop of the town of Romatia, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Naples in Campania, St. John, bishop, who was called to the kingdom of heaven by blessed Paulinus, bishop of Nola.
In the monastery of Cluny, St. Consortia, virgin.
At Rome, blessed Pope Innocent V, who laboured with mildness and prudence to maintain liberty for the Church and harmony among the Christians. The veneration paid to him was approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
Likewise at Rome, the translation of St. Flavius Clemens, exconsul and martyr, brother of St. Plautilla and uncle of St. Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr. He was put to death for the faith of Christ by Emperor Domitian. His body was found in the Basilica of Pope St. Clement, and buried there with great pomp.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 23rd
Roman Martyrology-June 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. John Baptist.
At Rome, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. John, a priest who was beheaded on the old Salarian Way before an idol of the sun. His body was buried near those of other martyrs by the blessed priest Concordius.
Also at Rome, St. Agrippina, virgin and martyr, under the emperor Valerian. Her body was taken to Sicily, where it works many miracles.
At Sutri in Tuscany, St. Felix, priest. By the command of the prefect Turcius, he was struck on the mouth with a stone until he breathed no more.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who concealed themselves in mountains and caverns, but joyfully underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Zeno and his slave Zenas. When the latter kissed the chains of his master, begging to be a partner in his torments, he was arrested by the soldiers, and received the crown of martyrdom with him.
At Turin, St. Joseph Cafasso, priest, renowned for his piety and learning, and for his work with prisoners, reconciling to God those who were preparing for execution. He was added to the number of the Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In England, in the monastery of Ely, St. Etheldreda, queen and virgin, who departed for heaven with a great renown for sanctity and miracles. Her body was found without corruption eleven years afterwards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-June 24th
Roman Martyrology-June 24th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of St. John Baptist, precursor of our Lord, son of Zachary and Elizabeth, who, while yet in the womb of his mother, was filled with the Holy Ghost.
At Rome, in the time of Nero, the commemoration of many holy martyrs. Being falsely accused of having set fire to the city, they were cruelly put to death in various manners by the emperor's order. Some were covered with the skins of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, other were fastened to crosses, others again were delivered to the flames to serve as torches in the night. All these were disciples of the apostles, and the first fruits of the martyrs which the Roman Church, a field so fertile in martyrs, offered to God even before the death of the Apostles.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin in Brabant, the passion of St. Rumold, bishop of Dublin and martyr. He had been the son of the king of the Scots.
At Satalis in Armenia, seven saintly brothers, all martyrs: Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus and Longinus, who owe their martyrdom to Emperor Maximian. Because they were Christians, they were deprived of the military belt by his command, then separated from one another, hurried away to different places, and in the midst of painful trials found their repose in the Lord.
In the diocese of Paris, at Creteil, the martyrdom of the Saints Agoard and Aglibert, with a great multitude of others of both sexes.
At Autun, the death of St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Lobbes in Belgium, St. Theodulphus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
At Complin, however, let the same psalms be repeated every day; namely, the 4th, the 90th, and the 133d.
Martyrology-June 25th
Roman Martyrology-June 25th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Guletto near Nusco, St. William, confessor, founder of the hermits of Monte Vergine.
At Beraea, the birthday of St. Sosipater, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, St. Gallicanus, exconsul and martyr who had been honoured with a triumph, and was held in affection by the emperor Constantine. Converted by Saints John and Paul, he withdrew to Ostia with St. Hilarinus, and consecrated himself entirely to the duties of hospitality and to the service of the sick. The report of such an event spread throughout the whole world, and from all sides many people came to see a man who had been a senator and consul now washing the feet of the poor, preparing their table, serving them, carefully waiting on the infirm, and exercising other works of mercy. Driven from this place by Julian the Apostate, he repaired to Alexandria, where, for refusing to sacrifice to idols, at the command of the judge Raucian, he was put to the sword, and thus became a martyr of Christ.
At Sibapolis in Syria, under the governor Silenus, in the persecution of Diocletian, St. Febronia, virgin and martyr. She was scourged and racked for defending her faith and her chastity, then torn with iron combs and exposed to fire. Finally her teeth were broken out, her breasts and feet cut away, and she was condemned to capital punishment, going to her Spouse adorned with sufferings as with so many jewels.
At Reggio, St. Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of that city, distinguished by his learning and piety. He valiantly combated the Pelagians in defence of the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and scholarship.
In Holland, St. Adalbert, confessor, disciple of St. Willibrord, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-June 26th
Roman Martyrology-June 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome on Mt. Ceolius, the holy martyrs John and Paul, brothers. The former was steward, the other secretary of the virgin Constantia, daughter of Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, under Julian the Apostate, they received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Valenciennes, they holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angoulême, and Superius.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderaliman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously completed his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Belley in France, St. Anthelmus, prior of the Grande Chartreuse, who became bishop of that city.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-June 27th
Roman Martyrology-June 27th- on this date in various years-
In Galatia, St. Crescens, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul. In passing through Gaul he converted many to the Christian faith by his preaching. Returning to the people for whom he had been especially made bishop, he confirmed the Galatians in the service of the Lord to the end of his life. He finally completed his martyrdom under Trajan.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Zoilus and nineteen other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urban, St. Anectus, martyr. For having exhorted others to suffer martyrdom, and having overthrown idols by his prayers, he was scourged by ten soldiers, had his hands and feet cut off, and merited the crown of martydom by beheading.
At Constantinople, St. Sampson, a priest, who harboured the poor.
In the town of Chinon in France, St. John, priest and confessor.
At Grosswardein in Hungary, the holy king Ladislaus, greatly renowned for his miracles even to this day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 27
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-June 28th
Roman Martyrology-June 28th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyons in France, St. Irenaeus, bishop and martyr. St. Jerome relates that he was the disciple of blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, and lived near the time of the apostles. After having strenuously opposed the heretics by word and by writing, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom along with almost all the people of his city, during the persecution of Severus.
At Utrecht, St. Benignus, bishop and martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides, catechumen, Heron, a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais, a catechumen, Potamioena and Marcella her mother. Among them the virgin Potamioena is particularly distinguished. She first endured many painful trials for the preservation of her virginity, and then cruel and unheard-of torments for the faith, after which both she and her mother were consumed with fire.
Also during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Papius, martyr, who was scourged with knotted cords, cast into a cauldron of seething oil and grease, and after other horrible torments was beheaded, and thus won an eternal crown.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Argymirus, monk and martyr, who was slain for the faith of Christ during the persecution of the Arabs.
At Rome, Pope St. Paul I, confessor.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Bergamo, St. Vincenza Gerosa, virgin, who co-founded the Institute of the Sisters of Charity with St. Bartolomea Capitanio, and whom Pope Pius XII added to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-June 29th
Roman Martyrology-June 29th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered martyrdom on the same day, under Emperor Nero. Within the city the former was crucified with his head downwards, and buried in the Vatican, near the Triumphal Way, where he is venerated by the whole world. The latter was put to the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, where he received similar honours.
In Cypus, St. Mary, mother of John, surnamed Mark.
At Argenton in France, St. Marcellus, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ together with the soldier Anastasius.
At Genoa, the birthday of St. Syrius, bishop.
At Narni, St. Cassius, bishop of that city. St. Gregory relates that he permitted scarcely any day of his life to pass without offering the Victim of propitiation to Almighty God. It was in character with his life for he distributed in alms all he possessed, and his devotion was such that abundant tears flowed from his eyes during the holy Sacrifice. At last, coming to Rome on the birthday of the apostles, as was his yearly custom, after having solemnly celebrated Mass and given the Lord's Body and the kiss of peace to all, he departed for heaven.
In the territory of Sens, St. Benedicta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-June 30th
Roman Martyrology-June 30th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the holy apostle Paul.
At Rome, St. Lucina, a disciple of the apostles, who relieved the necessities of the saints with her goods, visited the Christians detained in prison, buried the martyrs, and was laid by their side in a crypt which she herself had constructed.
In the same city, St. Aemiliana, martyr.
The same day, the saints Caius, priest, and Leo, subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Basilides, under Emperor Severus. He protected the saintly virgin Potamioena from the insults of shameless men when he was leading her to execution. He was rewarded for his considerate action, for at the end of three days she appeared to him, placed a crown on his head, not only converting him to Christ, but by her prayers making him, after a short combat, a glorious martyr.
At Limoges in France, St. Martial, bishop, and two priests Alpinian and Austriclinian, whose lives were distinguished for miracles.
In the territory of Vivers, St. Ostian, priest and confessor.
At Salanica, in the district of Vicenza, St. Theobald, priest and hermit, one of the counts of Champagne. He was added to the number of the saints by Alexander III because of his holiness and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for June 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-July 1st
Roman Martyrology-July 1st- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
The feast of the most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mt. Hor, the death of St. Aaron, the first priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne in France, St. Martin, a bishop who was a disciple of the apostles.
At Sinuessa in Campania the holy martyrs Castus and Secundinus, bishops.
In England, the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, who suffered after St. Alban in the persecution of Diocletian. In the same country a great number were tortured at that time in different ways and barbarously lacerated, ended their combat, and attained to the joys of the heavenly city.
In Auvergne in France, St. Gall, bishop.
In the diocese of Lyons, the death of St. Domitian, abbot, who was first to lead the life of a monk in that district. After having called together many servants of God to that place, and having gained great renown for virtues and miracles, he was summoned to his fathers at an advanced age.
At Angouleme, St. Eparchius, abbot.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Theodoric, priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Emesa, St. Simeon, surnamed Salus, confessor. He had feigned to be an idiot for the sake of Christ, but God manifested his high wisdom by great miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-July 2nd
Roman Martyrology-July 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Processus and Martinian, who were baptized by the blessed apostle Peter in the Mamertine Prison. After being struck on the mouth, racked, scourged with knotted ropes and whips strung with pieces of metal; after being beaten with rods and exposed to the flames, they were beheaded in the days of Nero, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, three holy soldiers, who were converted to Christ by the martyrdom of the blessed apostle Paul, and with him merited to be made partakers of the heavenly glory.
The same day, the holy martyrs Ariston, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom when the persecution of Emperor Diocletian was raging.
At Winchester in England, St. Swithin, bishop, whose sanctity was verified by the gift of miracles.
At Bamberg, the holy bishop Otho, who preached the Gospel to the people of Pomerania, and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce in Apulia, St. Bernardino Realino, confessor, who after practising the legal profession as a judge, entered the Society of Jesus, was ordained to the priesthood, and was renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, the death of St. Monegundes, a pious woman.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-July 3rd
Roman Martyrology-July 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Leo II, confessor, who passed to heaven filled with merits during the first year of his pontificate.
At Chiusi in Tuscany, in the reign of Emperor Aurelian, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Trypho and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Eulogius and his companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinth, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison where he died of hunger.
The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. A small boy who cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols was then whipped, but confessing Christ still more vehemently, he was put to death with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but by philosophers.
At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning.
At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the translation of the apostle St. Thomas from India. His relics were afterwards taken to Ortona.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-July 4th
Roman Martyrology-July 4th- on this date in various years-
At Estremos in Portugal, the birthday of St. Elizabeth the Widow, queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII, mindful of her virtues and miracles, placed among the number of the saints. Pope Innocent XII ordered her feast to be kept on the 8th of July.
The holy prophets Osee and Aggaeus.
In the diocese of Bourges, St. Laurian, bishop of Seville and martyr, whose head was taken to Seville in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of St. Jucundian, a martyr who was drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, Saints Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty other martyrs.
At Madaurus in Africa, the martyr Namphanion and his companions, whom he strengthened for the combat and led to the crown of martyrdom.
At Cyrene in Libya, the holy bishop Theodore. In the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dignian, he was scourged with leaded whips and had his tongue cut out. Finally, however, he died a confessor.
At Augsburg in Germany, St. Uldaric, a bishop illustrious for extraordinary abstinence, liberality, vigilance, and the gift of miracles.
At Tours in France, the translation of St. Martin, bishop and confessor, and the dedication of his basilica, consecrated on the same day that he had been raised to the episcopate some years previously.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-July 5th
Roman Martyrology-July 5th- on this date in various years-
At Cremona in Italy, St. Anthony-Mary Zacharias, confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular of St. Paul and also of the Angelic Virgins. Distinguished for all the virtues and for miracles, he was placed among the saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated in the Church of St. Barnabas at Milan.
At Rome, St. Zoe, martyr, wife of the blessed martyr Nicostratus. While praying at the tomb of the apostle St. Peter, during the time of Diocletian, she was seized by the persecutors, cast into a dark dungeon, then hanged on a tree by her neck and hair, and suffocated by a loathsome smoke, finally yielding up her soul in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, St. Athanasius, a deacon, who was apprehended by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon, and after experiencing all kinds of torments, was finally put to the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of St. Domitius, martyr, who confers many favours on the people of that country by his miracles.
In Sicily, the holy martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomis in Scythia, the holy martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene in Libya, St. Cyrilla, martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. She held burning coals with incense on her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should seem to offer incense to the idols. She was afterwards cruelly scourged, and went to her Spouse adorned with her own blood.
At Treves, St. Numerian, bishop and confessor.
At San Severino in Piceno, St. Philomena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-July 6th
Roman Martyrology-July 6th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the holy apostles Peter and Paul.
In Jerusalem, the holy prophet Isaias. During the reign of King Manasses he was put to death by being sawn in two and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near a running stream.
At Fiesole in Tuscany, St. Romulus, bishop and martyr, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who commissioned him to preach the Gospel. After announcing Christ in many parts of Italy, he returned to Fiesole, and was crowned with martyrdom along with other Christians in the reign of Domitian.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Tranquillinus, martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellianus, who had been converted to Christ by the preaching of the martyr St. Sebastian. Baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp, he was ordained priest by Pope St. Caius. As he prayed at the tomb of blessed Paul on the octave of the apostles, he was arrested and stoned to death by the pagans, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At London in England, on Tower Hill, St. Thomas More, chancellor of the entire realm, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the defence of the Catholic faith and the primacy of blessed Peter.
In Campania, St. Dominica, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. For having destroyed idols, she was condemned to the beasts, but being left uninjured by them, she was beheaded and departed for heaven. Her body is kept with great veneration at Tropea in Calabria.
The same day, St. Lucia, martyr, a native of Campania. Being arrested and severely tortured by the lieutenant-governor Rictiovarus, she converted him to Christ. To them were added Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others who shared their sufferings and their crowns.
At Nettuno in Lazio, St. Maria Goretti, a most devout young girl, who was savagely murdered for the defence of her virginity, and whom Pope Pius XII solemnly added to the catalogue of holy martyrs.
In the vicinity of Treves, St. Goar, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-July 7th
Roman Martyrology-July 7th- on this date in various years-
The holy bishops Cyril and Methodius, whose respective birthdays are on the 14th of February and the 6th of April.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a notary, Nicostratus, an assistant prefect, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian, who had been brought to the faith of Christ by St. Sebastian, and baptized by the blessed priest Polycarp. While they were engaged in searching for the bodies of the holy martyrs, the judge Fabian had them arrested, and for ten days he tried to shake their constancy by threats and flatteries, but being utterly unable to succeed, he ordered them to be thrice tortured, then thrown into the sea.
At Durazzo in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompeius, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus, all natives of Italy. In the persecution of Trajan they took refuge in the town of Durazzo where they saw the saintly bishop Astius hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ. They then publicly declared themselves to be Christians, when, by order of the governor, they were arrested and cast into the sea.
At Brescia, St. Apollonius, bishop and confessor.
At Eichstadt in Germany, St. Willibald, the first bishop of that city. He was the son of St. Richard, king of England, and brother of St. Walburga, virgin. He laboured with St. Boniface in preaching the Gospel and converted many nations to Christ.
In Auvergne, St. Illidius, bishop.
At Urgal in Spain, St. Odo, bishop.
In England, St. Hedda, bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Pantaenus, a man of apostolic manner, filled with wisdom. He had such an affection and love for the word of God, and was so inflamed with the ardour of faith and devotion, that he set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations living in the farthest districts of the East. Returning at last to Alexandria, he rested in peace, in the time of Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutier, in the neighbourhood of Meaux, St. Ethelburga, virgin, daughter of the English king.
At Perugia, blessed Pope Benedict XI, a native of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, who in the brief space of his pontificate greatly promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the spread of religion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-July 8th
Roman Martyrology-July 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Elisabeth, widow, queen of Portugal, whose birthday is observed on the 4th of July.
In Asia Minor, the Saints Aquilla and his wife Priscilla, of whom mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurtzburg in Germany, St. Kilian, bishop, who was commissioned by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel. After having converted many to Christ, he was put to death along with his companions Colman, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon.
At Porto, fifty holy martyrs, all soldiers, who were led to the faith by the martyrdom of St. Bonosa, and baptized by the blessed Pope Felix. They were put to death in the persecution of Aurelian.
In Palestine, in the reign of Diocletian, St. Procopius, martyr, who was brought from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and upon his first resolute answer was beheaded by the judge Fabian.
At Constantinople, the holy Abrahamite monks, who resisted Emperor Theophilus by defending the veneration of sacred images, and suffered martyrdom.
At Spina Lamberti in Emilia, Pope St. Adrian III, famous for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern to the Roman Church, and renowned for his miracles. His body was taken to the monastery of Nonantola and buried with honours in the Church of St. Sylvester.
At Treves, St. Auspicius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, blessed Eugene II, pope. Having gained a great reputation for sanctity and prudence in his government of the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, he was raised to the Sovereign Pontificate and ruled the universal Church in much holiness. Pope Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-July 9th
Roman Martyrology-July 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of St. Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three other martyrs.
At Gortyna in Crete, in the persecution of Decius, under the governor Lucius, Bishop St. Cyril. When he was thrown into the flames his bonds were burned, but he was not injured. The judge, struck with awe at so great a miracle, set him at liberty, but as the saint began again immediately to preach with zeal the faith of Christ, he was beheaded.
At Briel in Holland, the passion of the nineteen martyrs of Gorcum. Of these, nine priests and two lay brothers were of the Order of Friars Minor, four were secular priests, two Premonstratensians, one Canon Regular of St. Augustine, and one Dominican. For vindicating the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, they endured various insults and torments from the Calvinist heretics, and their great suffering was ended by all of them being hanged. Pope Pius IX included them in the number of holy martyrs.
In the town of Thora, on Lake Velino in Italy, the martyrdom of the Saints Anatolia and Audax, under Ermperor Decius. Anatolia, a virgin consecrated to Christ, cured many persons afflicted with various infirmities throughout the province of Piceno, and made them believe in Christ. By order of the judge Faustinian she was condemned to different kinds of punishment. She was cured of the sting of a serpent to which she had been exposed, a miracle that converted Audax to the faith. At last, praying with outstretched hands, she was pierced with a sword. Audax was sent to prison, and without delay sentenced to capital punishment, thus obtaining the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander, who were put to death under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula in Umbria, St. Brictius, bishop. Under the judge Marcian, after having suffered much for the confession of our Lord, and having converted to Christ a great multitude of people, he rested in peace, a confessor.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Veronica Giuliani, a nun of the second Order of St. Francis and abbess of the monastery in that town. Born at Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, she became illustrious by her great love for suffering and other virtues, and by her heavenly gifts. She was inscribed among the holy virgins by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-July 10th
Roman Martyrology-July 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the seven holy brothers, sons of the saintly martyr Felicitas. They are Januarius, Felix, Philip, Sylvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. They died in the time of Emperor Antoninus, under Publius, prefect of the city. Januarius, after being scourged with rods and detained in prison, died from the blows inflicted with leaded whips. Felix and Philip were scourged to death. Sylvanus was thrown headlong from a great height. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.
Also at Rome, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, the holy virgins and martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters. After being subjected to torments, and one having her head crushed with a sword, the other beheaded, they departed for heaven. Their bodies are kept with due honour in the Lateran basilica, near the baptistry.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor and Felix, all of whom were beheaded.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and their companions, who were tortured in different ways, and being lastly cast into the fire, ended their long martyrdom in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysias.
In Pisidia, the holy martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who were merited an immortal crown by being beheaded, after enduring most bitter torments for the name of Christ.
At Iconium, St. Apollonius, martyr, whose glorious martyrdom was fulfilled by death on the cross.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Amelberga, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-July 11th
Roman Martyrology-July 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, Pope Pius I, who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, St. John, a bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Sida in Pamphylia, St. Cindeus, priest, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Stratonicus. After suffering many torments, he was thrown into the fire, but was not injured by it. He later yielded up his soul in prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Abundius, a priest, crowned with martyrdom while preaching against the sect of Mohammed.
At Nicopolis in Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who for four days were racked, torn with iron claws and pieces of earthenware, and thus achieved their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, St. Sidronius, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Marcian, martyr. He obtained the palm of martyrdom by many torments, under the governor Perennius.
At Brescia, the holy martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, St. Sabinus, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-July 12th
Roman Martyrology-July 12th- on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Abbot St. John Gualbert, founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Milan, the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian. Their bodies were brought into the city by blessed Savina, and were honourably buried there.
In Cyprus, St. Jason, one of the first disciples of Christ.
At Lucca in Tuscany, blessed Paulinus, who was consecrated first bishop of that city by St. Peter. Under Nero he completed his martyrdom along with many others at the foot of Mt. Pisa, but only after many trials.
At Aquileia, the birthday of St. Hermagoras, disciple of the blessed evangelist Mark, and first bishop of that city. When performing miraculous cures, or while preaching, frequently bringing souls to repentance, he suffered many torments. Finally by capital punishment her merited an immortal triumph along with his deacon Fortunatus.
The same day, the Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who won the palm of martyrdom after most bitter torments, in the time of Emperor Trajan and the governor Maximus.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Marciana, virgin and martyr. For the faith of Christ, she was cast to the beasts, torn to pieces by a bull, and was thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, St. Epiphana, who, after her breasts were cut away, died in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Tertillus.
At Lyons in France, St. Viventiolus,bishop.
At Bologna, St. Paternian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-July 13th
Roman Martyrology-July 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anacletus, pope and martyr, who governed the Church of God after St. Clement, and shed lustre upon it by a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of the Roman emperor St. Henry I, confessor. He led a life of perpetual virginity with his wife St. Cunegunde, and converted St. Stephen, king of Hungary,and almost all his people to the faith of Christ. His festival is celebrated on the 15th of July.
In Paleestine the holy prophets Joel and Esdras.
In Macedonia, blessed Silas, one of the first Christians. The apostles sent him with Paul and Barnabas to the churches of the gentiles. Filled with the grace of God, he zealously discharged the office of preaching, and after glorifying Christ by his sufferings, rested in peace.
Also, St. Serapion, martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom by fire, in the time of Emperor Severus and the governor Aquila.
In the island of Chio, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Numerian, the martyr St. Myrope. She went to the Lord after being beaten with clubs.
In Africa, the holy confessors Eugene, the faithful and virtuous bishop of Carthage, and all the clergy of that Church, to the number of about five hundred or more, among whom were many small children who performed the office of lector. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to scourging and starvation, and driven into a most painful banishment which they bore with joy for God's sake. In their number were also two distinguished persons, the archdeacon Salutaris, and Muritta, occupying the second rank among the ministers of the Church. Both had three times confessed the faith, and were illustrious by their sturdy perserverance in Christianity.
In Brittany, St. Turian, bishop and confessor, a man of admirable simplicity and innocence.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-July 14th
Roman Martyrology-July 14th- on this date in various years-
St. Bonaventure of the Order of Friars Minor, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, who passed to the Lord on the day following this.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular for Ministering to the Sick. Pope Benedict XIV numbered him among the saints because of the fame of his miracles and virtues; Pope Leo XIII appointed him heavenly protector of hospitals and of the sick. His feast is observed on the 18th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Justus, a soldier under the tribune Claudius. When a miraculous cross appeared to him he believed in Christ, was baptized, and gave away his goods to the poor. Afterwards arrested by the prefect Magnetius, he was scourged with rods, had a heated helmet put on his head, and was thrown into the fire, but received no injury, not even to a hair of his head. In the end he yielded up his soul confessing the Lord.
At Sinope in Pontus, the martyr St. Phocas, bishop of the city. Under Emperor Trajan, after having been imprisoned, bound, struck with the sword, and exposed to the fire for Christ, he departed to heaven. His remains were brought to Vienne in France, and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, St. Heracles, bishop, whose fame was so great that the historian Africanus testifies that he journeyed to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, St. Cyrus, bishop, on whose festival St. Augustine spoke of him to his people.
At Como, St. Felix, first bishop of that city.
At Brescia, St. Optatian, bishop.
At Deventer in Belgium, St. Marcellinus, priest and confessor.
At Lima in Peru, St. Francis Solano, a priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He passed to the Lord in the West Indies, renowned for his preaching, miracles and virtues. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the canon of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-July 15th
Roman Martyrology-July 15th- on this date in various years-
St. Henry I, Roman emperor and confessor, whose birthday was noted on the 13th of this month.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Bonaventure, cardinal and bishop of Albano, confessor and doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, who is famed for his learning and the sanctity of his life. His feast is celebrated on the previous day.
At Pavia, St. Felix, bishop and martyr.
At Porto, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus, deacon, whose glories were proclaimed by St. Augustine in a sermon to his people. Also the saints Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, martyrs, who were entombed in the Church of St. Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
In the island of Tenedos, St. Abudemius, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Antiochus, a physician, who was beheaded under the governor Adrian. On seeing milk flowing from his wounds instead of blood, Cyriacus, his executioner, was converted to Christ and endured martyrdom.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, the birthday of St. James, bishop of that city, a man celebrated for great holiness, miracles and learning. He was one of those who confessed the faith during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and later condemned the perverse heresy of Arius in the Council of Nicaea by opposing to the doctrine of consubstantiality. It was also owing to his prayers, and those of the bishop Alexander, that Arius received at Constantinople the suitable punishment of his iniquity, his bowels gushing out.
At Naples in Campania, St. Athanasius, bishop of that city, who suffered a great deal from his wicked nephew Sergius, by whom he was driven from his diocese. Overcome with afflictions, he departed for heaven at Veroli, in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campo in Italy, the birthday of St. Pompilio Maria Pirrotti of St. Nicholas, confessor, a member of the Congregation of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Pious Schools, who spent his entire life in safeguarding the salvation of souls. He was registered among the saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of St. Rosalia, virgin of that city. Miraculously discovered in the time of Pope Urban VIII, it delivered Sicily from the plague in the year of the Jubilee.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-July 16th
Roman Martyrology-July 16th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the holy martyrs Athenogenes, bishop, and ten of his disciples, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
At Treves, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sisenand, cleric and martyr, who was strangled by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
The same day, the birthday of St. Faustus, martyr, under Decius. He lived five days fastened to a cross, and being then pierced with arrows, he went to heaven.
At Saintes in France, the holy martyrs Raineld, virgin, and her companions who were slain by barbarians for the Christian faith.
At Bergamo, St. Domnio, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of blessed Eustace, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning and sanctity. Under the Arian emperor Constantius, for the defence of the Catholic faith, he was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he rested in the Lord.
At Capua, St. Vitalian, bishop and confessor.
At the abbey of our Most Holy Redeemer, in the diocese of Coutances in France, St. Mary Magdalene Postel, foundress of the Sisters of Mercy of the Christian Schools, who was added to the list of the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
The translation of St. Hilarinus, a monk, to Ostia. He was arrested with St. Donatus in the persecution of Julian. Because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was finally scourged at Arezzo in Tuscany, and underwent martyrdom on the 7th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-July 17th
Roman Martyrology-July 17th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Alexius, confessor, son of the senator Euphemian. Leaving his spouse before the night of marriage, he withdrew from his house, and after a long pilgrimage, returned to Rome where he was for seventeen years harboured in his father's house as an unknown pauper, thus deluding the world in this strange way. After his death, however, becoming known through a voice heard in the churches of the city, and by his own writings, he was, under the sovereign Pontiff Innocent I, translated to the Church of St. Boniface, where he wrought many miracles.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Scillitan martyrs Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Venturius, Felix, Acyllinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda. By order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of the faith, they were sent to prison, nailed to a cross, and finally beheaded. The relics of Speratus, with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of the martyr, St. Pantaleon, were carried from Africa into France and honourably buried in the basilica of St. John the Baptist at Lyons.
At Amastris in Paphlagonia, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who died in prison after much suffering, under the prefect Castritus.
At Tivoli, St. Generosus, martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Theodota, martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Leo IV.
At Pavia, St. Ennodius, bishop and confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Theodosius, bishop.
At Milan, the virgin saint Marcellina, sister of the blessed bishop Ambrose, who received the religious veil from Pope Liberius, in the basilica of St. Peter at Rome. Her sanctity is attested to by St. Ambrose in his writings.
At Venice, the translation of St. Marina, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-July 18th
Roman Martyrology-July 18th- on this date in various years-
St. Camillus de Lellis, priest and confessor, founder of the Clerks Regular Ministering to the Sick, the heavenly patron of hospitals and of the sick, whose birthday is the 14th day of July.
At Tivoli, in the time of Emperor Hadrian, St. Symphorosa, wife of the martyr St. Getulius, with her seven sons, Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. The mother, because of her invincible constancy, was first beaten a long time, then suspended by her hair, and lastly thrown into the river with a stone tied to her body. Her sons were stretched by pulleys attached to stakes, and completed their martyrdom in divers ways. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to Rome, and in the pontificate of Pius IV, were found in the sacristy of St. Angelo in Piscina.
At Utrecht, St. Frederick, bishop and martyr.
At Silisitria in Bulgaria, St. Emilian, martyr, who was cast into a furnace, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, St. Gundenes, virgin. By order of the proconsul Ruffinus, she was at four different times stretched on the rack for the faith of Christ, horribly lacerated with iron hooks, confined for a long time in a filthy prison, and finally put to the sword.
In Spanish Galicia, St. Marina, virgin and martyr.
At Milan, in the reign of Maximian, the holy bishop Maternus. For the faith of Christ and the Church entrusted to him, he went to his rest in the Lord with a great renown for his repeated confession of the faith.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Philastrius, bishop of that city, who both by word and writing opposed the heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered greatly. Finally he died in peace, a confessor renowned for miracles.
At Metz in France, St. Arnulf, a bishop illustrious for holiness and miracles. He chose the life of a hermit and ended his blessed career in peace.
At Segni, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
At Forlimpopoli in Emilia, St. Ruffillus, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-July 19th
Roman Martyrology-July 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the priests of the Congregation of the Mission and the Sisters of Charity, the heavenly patron of all charitable organizations. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 27th of September.
At Colossae in Phrygia, the birthday of St. Epaphras, whom the apostle St. Paul calls his fellow-prisoner. By the same apostle he was consecrated bishop of Colossae, where, becoming renowned for his virtues, he received the palm of martyrdom for defending courageously the flock committed to his charge. His body lies at Rome in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Treves, St. Martin, bishop and martyr.
At Seville in Spain, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Justa and Rufina. Arrested by the governor Diogenian, they were stretched on the rack and lacerated with iron claws, then imprisoned and subjected to starvation and various tortures. Justa died in prison, but Rufina's neck was broken for the confession of the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Aura, virgin, the sister of the holy martyrs Adulphus and John. A Mohammedan judge had persuaded her to apostatize for a while, but quickly repenting of what she had done, in the second trial overcame the enemy by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope St. Symmachus, who for a long time had much to bear, from a faction of schismatics. At last, distinguished by holiness, he went to God.
At Verona, St. Felix, bishop.
At Scete, a mountain in Egypt, St. Arsenius, a deacon of the Roman Church. In the time of Theodosius he retired into a desert where, endowed with every virtue and shedding continual tears, he yielded his soul unto God.
In Cappadocia, St. Macrina, virgin. She was the daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the sister of the holy bishops, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Peter of Sebaste.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-July 20th
Roman Martyrology-July 20th- on this date in various years-
St. Jerome Emiliani, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Somascha, the heavenly patron of all orphans and destitute children. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 8th of February.
At Antioch, the passion of St. Margaret, virgin and martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the birthday of blessed Joseph, surnamed the Just, whom the apostles selected with blessed Matthias for the apostleship to replace the traitor Judas. The lot having fallen upon Matthias, Joseph, notwithstanding, continued to preach and to advance in virtue, and after having sustained from the Jews many persecutions for the faith of Christ, he happily completed his life. It is related of him that having drunk poison, he received no injury from it, because of his confidence in the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Paul, deacon and martyr. For rebuking Mohammedan princes for their impiety and cruelty, and preaching Christ with constancy, he was put to death and went to his reward in heaven.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paul, with ten others.
In Portugal, St. Wilgefortis, virgin and martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom on a cross in defence of the faith and her chastity.
The same day, the birthday of St. Flavian II, bishop of Antioch, and St. Elias, bishop of Jerusalem. They were driven into exile by Emperor Anastasius for their defence of the Council of Chalcedon, and there they went victoriously to the Lord.
At Boulogne in France, the abbot St. Wulmar, a man of admirable sanctity.
At Treves, St. Severa, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-July 21st
Roman Martyrology-July 21st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy virgin Praxedes, who was brought up in all chastity and in the knowledge of the divine law. Diligently attending to watching, prayer, and fasting, she rested in Christ, and was buried near her sister Pudentiana on the Salarian Way.
At Babylon, the holy prophet Daniel.
At Comana in Armenia, the holy bishop and martyr Zoticus, who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Victor, a soldier. Because he refused to serve in the army and sacrifice to idols, he was thrust into prison, where he was visited by an angel. He was subjected to various torments, and finally being crushed under a millstone, he ended his martyrdom. With him also suffered three soldiers, Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes in France, the martyrdom of the saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, in the time of Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, St. Julia, virgin and martyr.
At Strasbourg, St. Arbogastus, a bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, the holy monk John, a companion of St. Simeon.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-July 22nd
Roman Martyrology-July 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Marseilles in France, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalene, out of whom our Lord expelled seven demons, and who deserved to be the first to see the Saviour after he had risen from the dead.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Syntyche, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of the martyr St. Plato. Under the lieutenant-governor Agrippinus, he was scourged, lacerated with iron hooks, and subjected to the most atrocious torments, and finally being beheaded, he rendered his invincible soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea bear witness to his miracles in helping captives.
In Cyprus, St. Theophilus, a praetor, who was apprehended by the Arabs, and as he could not be induced either by gifts or by threats to deny Christ, was put to the sword.
At Antioch, the holy bishop Cyril, who was distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Auvergne, St. Meneleus, abbot.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, Abbot St. Wandrille, famous for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Lisbon in Portugal, St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest and confessor, superior general of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin of St. Francis. Illustrious for his preaching and his arduous labour for the glory of God, he was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Joseph, a count.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-July 23rd
Roman Martyrology-July 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy bishop Apollinaris, who was consecrated at Rome by the Apostle Peter, and sent to Ravenna, where he endured many different tribulations for the faith of Christ. He afterwards preached the Gospel in Emilia, where he converted many from the worship of idols. Finally, returning to Ravenna, he completed his confession of Christ by a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar.
At Le Mans in France, St. Liborius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Bridget, widow, who, after many pilgrimages to the holy places, fell asleep filled with the Spirit of God. Her feast is observed on the 8th of October.
Also, St. Rasyphus, martyr.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Primitiva, virgin and martyr.
Also the holy martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
The same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who received their crown of martyrdom by being beaten with stones, scorched with fire, and finally struck with the sword, in the time of Emperor Diocletian.
In Bulgaria, many holy martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, while devastating the churches of God, put to death in various ways: by the sword, by hanging, arrows, long imprisonment, and by starvation.
At Rome, the saintly virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory in his writings.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-July 24th
Roman Martyrology-July 24th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. James the Apostle.
At Tiro in Tuscany, on Lake Bolsena, St. Christina, virgin and martyr. Because she believed in Christ, and broke up her father's gold and silver idols to give them to the poor, she was cruelly scourged at his command, subjected to other most severe torments, and thrown with a heavy stone into the lake from which she was drawn out by an angel. Then under another judge, who succeeded her father, she bore courageously still more bitter tortures. Finally, after she had been shut up by the governor Julian in a burning furnace for five days without any injury, after being cured of the sting of serpents, she ended her martyrdom by having her tongue cut out, and being pierced with arrows.
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, St. Vincent, martyr.
At Amiterno in Abruzzi, the martyrdom of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida in Spain, St. Victor, a soldier who, with his two brothers, Stercatius and Antinogenes, by divers torments fulfilled his martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also, the holy martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who were converted to Christ by the preaching of the blessed martyr Christopher, and gained the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Sens, St. Ursicinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-July 25th
Roman Martyrology-July 25th- on this date in various years-
St. James the Apostle, brother of the blessed evangelist John, who was beheaded by Herod Agrippa at about the feast of Easter. He was the first of the apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones were on this day carried from Jerusalem to Spain, and placed in the remote province of Galicia, where they are devoutly honoured by the far-famed piety of the inhabitants, and the frequent concourse of Christians, who visit them through piety and in fulfillment of vows.
In Lycia, in the time of Decius, St. Christopher, martyr. Being scourged with iron rods, cast into the flames, from which he was saved by the power of Christ, and finally transfixed with arrows and beheaded, he completed his martyrdom.
At Barcelona in Spain, during the persecution of Diocletian and under the governor Dacian, the birthday of the holy martyr Cucuphas. After overcoming many torments, he was struck with the sword, and thus went triumphantly to heaven.
In Palestine, St. Paul, a martyr in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, under the governor Firmilian. He was condemned to death, but having obtained a short period for prayer, he besought God with all his heart, first for his own countrymen, then for the Jews and the Gentiles, that they might embrace the true faith, next for the multitude of spectators, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and the executioner who was to strike him; after which he received the crown of martyrdom by beheading.
At Forcono in Abruzzi, the holy martyrs Florentius and Felix, natives of Siponte.
At Cordova, St. Theodemir, monk and martyr.
In Palestine, St. Valentina, a virgin, who was led to an altar to offer sacrifice, but overturning it with her foot, she was cruelly tortured, and being cast into the fire with another virgin, her companion, she went to her Spouse.
At Treves, St. Magnericus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-July 26th
Roman Martyrology-July 26th- on this date in various years-
The departure from this life of St. Anne, mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of St. Erastus, who was appointed bishop of that place by the blessed apostle Paul, and was there crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exuperia, who (as we read in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen) were burned alive, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto, St. Hyacinth, martyr, who was first thrown into the fire, and then cast into a stream without being injured. Afterwards, under Emperor Trajan, being struck with the sword by the exconsul Leontius, his martyrdom was fulfilled. His body was buried by the matron Julia on her own estate near Rome.
At Verona, St. Valens, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Pastor, a priest in whose name a title exists in the church of St. Pudentiana, on the Viminal Hill.
In the monastery of St. Benedict, near Mantua, St. Simeon, monk and hermit, who was renowned for many miracles, and at an advanced age rested in the Lord.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, St. Bartholemea Capitanio, virgin, who founded the Sisters of Charity, dedicated to teaching the young. Pope Pius XII added her name to the catalogue of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-July 27th
Roman Martyrology-July 27th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, a physician. For the faith of Christ he was apprehended by Emperor Maximian, subjected to the torture and burned with torches, during which torments he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord. He ended his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Bisceglia in Apulia, the holy martyrs Maur, a bishop, Pantaleon, and Sergius, who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, St. Hermolaus, priest, by whose instructions blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith. Also, the Saints Hermippus and Hermocrates, brothers. After many sufferings borne for the confession of Christ, they were condemned to death by the same Maximian.
At Cordova in Spain, during the Arab persecution, the holy martyrs George, a deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa.
At Nola in Campania, the holy martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
In the country of the Homerites in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ under the tyrant Dunaan.
At Ephesus, the birthday of the Seven Holy Sleepers, Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Denis, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope St. Celestine I, who had condemned Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, and put Pelagius to flight. By his command the holy universal Council of Ephesus was also held against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the death of blessed Aetherius, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, virgin. After being scourged and banished by Constantine Copronymus for the veneration of holy images, she rested in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-July 28th
Roman Martyrology-July 28th- on this date in various years-
At Milan, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nazarius and a boy named Celsus. While the persecution excited by Nero was raging, they were beheaded by Anolinus, after long sufferings and afflictions endured in prison.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Victor, pope and martyr.
Also at Rome, St. Innocent, pope and confessor, who passed to the Lord on the 12th of March.
In Thebais in Egypt, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian. At this time, when Christians sought death by the sword for the name of Christ, the crafty enemy devised certain slow torments to put them to death, wishing to kill their souls much more than their bodies. One of these Christians, after suffering the tortured of the rack, of hot metal plates and of seething oil, was smeared with honey and exposed, in the broiling heat of the sun, with his hands tied behind him, to the sting of wasps and flies. Another, bound and placed among flowers, being approached by a shameless woman for the purpose of exciting his passions, bit through his tongue and spat it in her face.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyr Eustathius. After various torments he was plunged into a river, but being delivered by an angel, was finally called to his eternal reward by a dove coming from heaven.
At Miletus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the holy martyr Acatius, who completed his martyrdom by having his head struck off, after having undergone different torments and having been thrown into a furncace, from which throught the assistance of God he came out uninjured.
In Brittany, St. Sampson, bishop and confessor.
At Lyons in France, St. Peregrinus, priest, whose happiness in heaven is testified by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-July 29th
Roman Martyrology-July 29th- on this date in various years-
At Tarascon, in the province of Narbonne in France, St. Martha, virgin, the hostess of our Saviour and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and St. Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Felix II, pope and martyr. Being expelled from his See by the Arian emperor Constantius for defending the Catholic faith, and being put to the sword privately at Cera in Tuscany, he died gloriously. His body was taken away from that place by clerics, and buried on the Aurelian Way. It was afterwards brought to the Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian, where, under the Sovereign Pontiff Gregory XIII, it was found beneath the altar with the relics of the holy martyrs Mark, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and with the latter was put back in the same place on the 31st of July. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, which were shortly after solemnly transferred to the church of the Society of Jesus, on the eve of their feast.
Also at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. The first two, after being subjected to many different torments, were condemned to suffer death; Beatrice, their sister, was smothered in prison for the confession of Christ.
At Rome, likewise the holy martyrs Lucilla and Flora, virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions, who underwent martyrdom in the reign of Emperor Gallienus.
Again at Rome, St. Serapia, virgin. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was delivered to two lustful young men, and as she could not be corrupted, nor afterwards burned with lighted torches, she was beated with rods, and finally beheaded by order of the judge Derillus. She was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the field of Vindician. But the commemoration of her martyrdom is celebrated more solemnly on the 3rd of September, when their common tomb was finished and adorned, and dedicated as a place of prayer.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Callinicus, martyr, who was scourged with iron rods, and given over to other torments. Being finally cast into a furnace, he gave up his soul to God.
In Norway, St. Olaf, king and martyr.
At Troyes in France, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, who went with blessed Germanus to England to exterminate the Pelagian heresy, and by diligent prayer defended the city of Troyes from the wrath of Attila, who was devastating all of France. At length, having religiously discharged the functions of the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
At St. Brieuc in France, St. William, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of blessed Prosper, bishop of Orleans.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Faustinus, confessor.
At Mamia, St. Serafina.
At Rome, blessed Pope Urban II who followed in the path of St. Gregory VII. He was resplendent for his zeal for learning and religion, and aroused the faithful, signed with the sign of the cross, to recover the holy places of Palestine from the power of the infidels. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shewn him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-July 30th
Roman Martyrology-July 30th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the reign of Decius, the holy Persian martyrs Abdon and Sennen, who were bound with chains, brought to Rome, scourged with leaded whips for the faith of Christ, and then put to the sword.
At Assisi in Umbria, St. Rufinus, martyr.
At Tuberbum Lucernarium in Africa, the holy virgins and martyrs Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were forced to drink vinegar and gall, then scourged most severely , stretched on the rack, burned on the gridiron, rubbed over with lime, and afterwards exposed to the beasts with the virgin Secunda, twelve years old. But being untouched by them, they were finally beheaded.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Julitta, martyr. As she sought through the courts the restitution of goods seized by a man of influence, the latter objected that, being a Christian, her cause could not be pleaded. The judge commanded her to offer sacrifice to the idols, that she might be heard. She refused with great constancy, and being thrown into the fire, yielded her soul unto God. Her body remained uninjured by the flames. St. Basil the Great has proclaimed her praise in an excellent eulogy.
At Auxerre, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-July 31st
Roman Martyrology-July 31st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Ignatius, priest and confessor, founder of the Society of Jesus, renowned for sanctity and miracles, and most zealous for propagating the Catholic religion in all parts of the world. Pope Pius XI declared him to be the heavenly patron of all spiritual retreats.
At Milan, during the persecution of Antoninus, St. Calimerius, bishop and martyr, who was arrested, covered with wounds, and his throat transfixed with a sword. He completed his martyrdom by being cast into a well.
At Caesarea in Mauretania, the martyrdom of the blessed martyr Fabius. Because he refused to carry the banners of the governor of the province, he was thrown into prison for some days, and as he persisted twice in confessing Christ when brought before the judge, he was condemned to death.
At Synnada in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Denis.
In Syria, three hundred and fifty monks, who became martyrs by being slain by the heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the death of St. German, bishop of Auxerre, a man most renowned for his birth, faith, learning, and glorious miracles, who freed England completely from the heretical doctrines of the Pelagians.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Firmus, bishop, illustrious by a glorious confession of the faith.
At Siena in Tuscany, the birthday of blessed John Columbini, founder of the Order of Gesuati, renowned for sanctity and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for July 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 1st
Roman Martyrology-August 1st- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Church of St. Peter in Chains.
At Antioch, the martyrdom of the seven brothers, the holy Machabees, martyrs, and their mother, who suffered under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics were transferred to Rome, and placed in the church or St. Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith was banished to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia, by Emperor Constantine. Afterwards, returning to his church, he suffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Arians. His memory is more especially honoured on the 15th of December, when he was consecrated bishop, and his feast is kept on the 16th of December.
At Nocera dei Pagani in Campani, the birthday also of St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, and confessor. Noted for his zeal for souls, his writings, and his example, Pope Gregory XVI added him to the canon of saints, and Pius IX declared him to be a doctor of the Universal Church. Pius XII established him as heavenly patron of all moral theologians and of those who hear Confession. His feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Bonus, a priest, Faustus and Maur, with nine others, mentioned in the Acts of Pope St. Stephen.
Also at Rome, the holy virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, children of St. Sophia, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia in Arabia, the holy martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, crowned on the same day.
At Perge in Pamphylia, the holy martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six peasants, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyr Felix. After enduring various torments, by order of Dacian he was cut with knives until he gave his undaunted soul to Christ.
In the diocese of Paris, St. Justin, martyr.
At Vienne in France, St. Verus, bishop.
At Winchester in England, St. Ethelwold, bishop.
In the country of Lisieux, St. Nemesius, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-August 2nd
Roman Martyrology-August 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, founder of the Congregation of our most Holy Redeemer, bishop of Santa Agata dei Goti, confessor and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the previous day.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of St. Stephen I, pope and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, the soldiers suddenly entered while he was saying Mass, but remaining before the altar, fearless and unmoved, he concluded the sacred mysteries, and was beheaded on his throne.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the martyrdom of St. Theodota with her three sons. The eldest named Evodius, confessing Christ with confidence, was first beaten with rods by order of Nicetius, exconsul of Bithynia, and then the mother with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, St. Rutilius, marytr. He had frequently secured safety from the perils of persecution by flight, and sometimes even by means of money, but at last, being unexpectedly apprehended, he was led to the governor and subjected to many tortures. Afterwards he was cast into the fire, and thus merited the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Padua, St. Maximus, bishop of that city, who ended his blessed life in peace, with a reputation for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-August 3rd
Roman Martyrology-August 3rd- on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the finding of the body of blessed Stephen, protomartyr, and of the Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, through a divine revelation made to the priest Lucian, in the time of Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Lydia, a dealer in purple, who was the first to believe in the Gospel when the apostle St. Paul preached in that city, as is related by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles
At Naples in Campania, St. Aspren, bishop, who was cured of a sickness by the apostle St. Peter, and after being baptized, was made bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of St. Hermellus, martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on Persia, the martyrdom of holy monks and other Christians who were put to death after suffering diverse torments, during the persecution of the Church of God by King Abenner.
At Autun, the death of St. Euphronius, bishop and confessor.
At Anagni, St. Peter, who rested in the Lord after gaining great renown for monastical observance and for pastoral vigilance.
At Beroea in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-August 4th
Roman Martyrology-August 4th- on this date in various years-
St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, who on the sixth day of this month rested in peace.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, France, the birthday of St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, renowned for his devotion as a parish priest. Pope Pius XI placed him in the number of the saints, ordered that his feast should be observed on the 9th day of this month, and appointed him as the heavenly patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of blessed Aristarchus, disciple and inseparable companion of the apostle St. Paul, who writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you." He was consecrated bishop of the Thessalonians by the same apostle, and after long sufferings under Nero, crowned by Christ, rested in peace.
At Rome, St. Perpetua, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Peter. She converted to the faith her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus, buried the remains of many holy martyrs, and finally went to our Lord endowed with an abundance of merit.
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the martyrdom of blessed Tertullinus, priest and martyr, in the time of Emperor Valerian. After being cruelly beaten with rods, after having his sides burned, his mouth shattered; after being stretched on the rack and his limbs crushed, he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Constantinople, the holy martyr Eleutherius, of the senatorial rank, who was put to the sword for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the holy martyr Ia and her companions, who, with nine thousand Christian captives, underwent martyrdom after having been subjected to various torments.
At Verona, St. Agabius, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Euphronius, bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of St. Protase, martyr. In company with his brother Gervase, he suffered at Milan on the 19th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-August 5th
On this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons in France, St. Memmius, a Roman citizen, who was consecrated bishop of that city by St. Peter the Apostle, and brought to the truth of the Gospel the people committed to his care.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of twenty-three holy martyrs, who were beheaded on the Salarian Way, and buried at the foot of Cucumer Hill.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Emygdius, bishop and martyr, who was consecrated bishop by Pope St. Marcellus, and sent thither to preach the Gospel. He received the crown of martyrdom for the confession of Christ under Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, St. Eusignius, a soldier, who, at the age of one hundred and ten years, because he reproached Julian the Apostate for forsaking the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and for having degenerated from his ancestor's piety, was beheaded at his command.
Also the holy martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel, Egyptians.
At Augsburg, the birthday of St. Afra, martyr, who being a pagan, was converted to Christ by the teaching of St. Narcissus the bishop, and being baptized with all her household, was given over to the flames for the sake of Christ. Seven days later her mother Hilaria and three handmaids were also crowned by enduring the same kind of torment.
At Autun, blessed Cassian, bishop.
At Teano in Campania, St. Paris, bishop.
In England, St. Oswald, king, whose life is related by St. Venerable Bede.
On the same day, St. Nonna, mother of Saints Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-August 6th
Roman Martyrology-August 6th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callistus, the birthday of blessed Sixtus II, pope and martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian by being put to the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of blessed Sixtus; Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons, all of whom were beheaded with him and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. With them suffered also blessed Quartus, as is related by St. Cyprian.
At Bologna, the birthday of St. Dominic, confessor, founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, most renowned for sanctity and learning. He preserved his chastity unsullied to the end of his life, and by his great merits raised three persons from the dead. After having repressed heresies by his preaching, and instructed many in the religious and godly life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of August by decree of Pope Paul IV.
At Burgos in Spain, in the monastery of St. Peter of Cardegna, of the Order of St. Benedict, two hundred monks, with their abbot Stephen, who were put to death for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, and buried in the monastery by Christians.
At Alcala in Spain, the holy martyrs Justus and Pastor, brothers. While they were yet schoolboys, they threw aside their books in school, and spontaneously ran to martyrdom. By order of the governor Dacian, they were arrested, beaten with rods, and as they exhorted each other to constancy, were led out of the city, and had their throats cut by the executioner.
At Rome, St. Hormisdas, pope and confessor.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. James, a hermit renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-August 7th
Roman Martyrology-August 7th- on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, St. Cajetan the Theatine, confessor, founder of the Clerics Regular, who, through singular confidence in God, made his disciples practise the primitive mode of life of the apostles. Being renowned for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Clement X.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Donatus, bishop and martyr, who among other miraculous deeds by his prayers (as is related by blessed Pope Gregory) made whole again a sacred chalice which had been broken by pagans. Being apprehended by the imperial officer Quadratian, during the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and refusing to sacrifice to idols, he was struck with the sword, and thus fulfilled his martyrdom. With him suffered also the blessed monk Hilarinus, whose feast is celebrated on the 16th of July, at which time his body was taken to Ostia.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, St. Faustus, a soldier, who obtained the palm of martyrdom after many trials in the time of Aurelius Commodus.
At Como, the passion of the holy martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for the confession of Christ.
At Nisibis in Mesopotamia, St. Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with two of his disciples at the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, the holy bishop St. Victricius. While he was yet a soldier under Julian, he threw away his military belt for Christ, and after being subjected by the tribune to many torments, was condemned to death. But the executioner sent to slay him being struck blind, and the confessor's chains being loosened, he made his escape. Afterwards being made bishop, by preaching the word of God, he brought to the faith of Christ the barbarous people of Belgic Gaul, and finally died in peace, a confessor.
At Chalons in France, St. Donatian, bishop.
At Messina in Sicily, St. Albert, confessor of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-August 8th
Roman Martyrology-August 8th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cyriacus, deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, with twenty others who suffered on the 16th of March, during the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian. Their bodies were buried on the Salarian Way by the priest John, but were on this day translated by Pope St. Marcellus to the estate of Lucina, on the Ostian Way. Afterwards they were brought to the city and placed in the church of St. Mary in Via Lata.
At Anzarba in Cilicia, St. Marinus, an old man who was scourged, racked, and lacerated, and who died by being exposed to wild beasts, in the time of Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias.
Also, the holy martyrs Eleutherius and Leonides, who underwent martyrdom by fire.
In Persia, St. Hormisdas, a martyr under King Sapor.
At Cyzicum, on the Hellespont, St. Aemilian, bishop, who ended his life in exile after having suffered much from Emperor Leo for the veneration of holy images.
In Crete, St. Myron, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Vienne in France, St. Severus, priest and confessor, who undertook a painful journey from India in order to preach the Gospel in that city, and converted a great number of pagans to the faith of Christ by his works and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-August 9th
Roman Martyrology-August 9th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. John Baptist-Mary Vianney, priest and confessor, and heavenly patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is remembered on the 4th day of this month.
At Rome, St. Romanus, a soldier, who was moved by the torments of blessed Lawrence to ask for baptism from him. He was immediately prosecuted, scourged, and finally beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian. In the time of Decius, they were scourged by the exconsul Promotus, then racked and torn with iron hooks. Being burned with fie applied to their sides, they merited the triumphant palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy martyrs Firmus and Rusticus. When they refused to sacrifice to idols and remained constant in confessing Christ, after they had overcome many other torments, they were condemned to be scourged and beheaded by Anolinus, a judge, during the reign of Emperor Maximian.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs during the persecution of Valerian. Being exhorted by St. Numidicus, they obtained the palm of martyrdom by being cast into the fire, but Numidicus, although thrown into the flames with the others and overwhelmed with stones, was nevertheless taken out by his daughter. Found half dead, he was restored and deserved afterwards by his virtue to be made priest of the Church of Carthage by blessed Cyprian.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others. For having set up the image of our Saviour on the brass gate, they were exposed to many torments, and then beheaded by order of the impious emperor Leo.
At Chalons in France, St. Domitian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-August 10th
Roman Martyrology-August 10th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Tiburtine Way, the birthday of the blessed archdeacon Lawrence, martyred during the persecution of Valerian. After much suffering from imprisonment, from scourging with whips set with iron or lead, from hot metal plates, he at last completed his martyrdom by being slowly consumed on an iron instrument made in the form of a gridiron. His body was buried by blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Agro Verano.
In Spain, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of our Lady of Ransom, foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. Her feast is celebrated on the 24th of September.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five holy martyrs, who were soldiers under Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Emilian, were long tormented with diverse and sharp tortures, and obtained the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
At Bergamo, St. Asteria, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy virgins and martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, the holy confessor Deusdedit, a labouring man who gave to the poor every Saturday what he had earned during the week.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-August 11th
Roman Martyrology-August 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, between the two laurels situation about three miles from the city, the birthday of St. Tiburtius, martyr, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian. After he had walked barefooted on burning coals and confessed Christ with increased constancy, he was put to the sword.
Also at Rome, the holy virgin Susanna, a woman of noble race, and niece of the blessed Pontiff Caius. She merited the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded in the time of Diocletian.
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Clare, virgin, the first of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. Being celebrated fro holiness of life and miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Alexander IV. Her feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Comana in Pontus, St. Alexander, bishop, surnamed Carbonarius, who added to a masterful knowledge of philosophy an eminent degree of Christian humility. He was promoted to the See of that church by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, and became illustrious, not only by preaching, but also by suffering martyrdom by fire.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux in France, St. Thaurinus, bishop. Being made bishop of that city by blessed Pope Clement, he propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and the many labours he sustained for it. Celebrated for glorious miracles, he fell asleep in the Lord.
At Cambrai in France, St. Gaugericus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Equitius, abbot, whose sanctity is attested by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Digna, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-August 12th
Roman Martyrology-August 12th- on this date in various years-
St. Clare, virgin, the first fruits of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the everlasting nuptials of the Lamb on the day previous.
The same day, the holy martyrs Porcarius, abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and five hundred monks, who were slain for the Catholic faith by barbarians, and were thus crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the birthday of St. Euplius, deacon, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was long tortured for the confession of the Lord, and finally obtained the palm of martyrdom by being put to the sword.
At Augsburg, St. Hilaria, mother of the blessed martyr Afra. Because she watched at the tomb of her daughter she was cast into the fire for the faith of Christ, together with her maidservants Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day there suffered also in that city Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana, with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Marcarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Count Anicetus and his brother Photinus, along with many others, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Faleria in Tuscany, the Saints Gracilian, and Felicissima, virgin, who, for the confession of the faith, first had their mouths bruised with stones, and being afterwards struck with the sword, received the palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the death of St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Herculanus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 13th
Roman Martyrology-August 13th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the blessed Hippolytus, martyr, who gloriously confessed the faith, under Emperor Valerian. After enduring other torments, he was tied by the feet to the necks of wild horses, and being cruelly dragged through briars and brambles, and having all his body lacerated, he yielded up his spirit. On the same day suffered also blessed Concordia, his nurse, who being scourged in his presence with leaded whips, went to our Lord, and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded beyond the Tiburtine Gate, and buried with him in the Agro Verano.
At Imola, the birthday of St. Cassian, martyr. As he refused to worship idols, the persecutor called the boys whom the saint had taught and who hated him, giving them leave to kill him. The torment suffered by the martyr was the more grievous, as the hands which inflicted it, by reason of weakness, rendered death long drawn-out.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Cassian, bishop and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos in Spain, Saints Centolla and Helena, martyrs.
At Constantinople, St. Maximus, a monk distinguished for learning and for zeal for Catholic truth. Valiantly disputing the Monothelites, he had his hands and tongue torn from him by the heretical emperor Constans, and was banished to Chersonesus, where he breathed his last. At this time, two of his disciples, both named Anastasius, and many others endured divers torments and the hardships of exile.
At Fritzlar in Germany, St. Wigbert, priest and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus, illustrious for his innocence and for his fidelity to the rules of the religious life. He was canonized by Pope Leo XIII.
At Poitiers in France, St. Radegund, queen, whose life was renowned for miracles and virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-August 14th
Roman Martyrology-August 14th- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of the blessed priest Eusebius, who for the defence of the Catholic faith was shut up in a room of his own house by the Arian emperor Constantius, where constantly persevering in prayer for seven months, he rested in peace. His body was removed by the priests Gregory and Orosius, and buried in the cemetery of Callistus, on the Appian Way.
At Apamea in Syria, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr, who was killed by the enraged heathen for having pulled down a temple of Jupiter.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Callistus, bishop and martyr.
In Illyria, St. Ursicius, martyr, who was beheaded for Christ after suffering various torments under Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides.
In Africa, St. Demetrius, martyr.
In the island of Aegina, St. Athanasia, widow, celebrated for monastical observance and the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-August 15th
Roman Martyrology-August 15th- on this date in various years-
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, whom Pope Clement VIII placed in the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 17th of August.
At Alba Regalis in Hungary, St. Stephen, King of Hungary, who was graced with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. By decree of Pope Innocent XI, his feast is kept on the 2nd of September, on which day the strong city of Buda, by the aid of the holy king, was recovered by the Christian army.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Tarsicius, acolyte. The pagans accosted him as he was carrying the Sacrament of Christ's Body, and began to inquire what it was. But he judged it an unworthy thing to cast pearls before swine. They therefore beat him with sticks and stones until he expired. The sacrilegious searchers examined his body, but found no vestige of the Sacrament of Christ, either in his hands or in his clothes. The Christians took up the body of the martyr, and buried it reverently in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste in Africa, St. Alipius, bishop, who was the disciple of blessed Augustine, and the companion of his conversion, his colleague in the pastoral charge, his valiant fellow-soldier in disputing heretics, and finally his partner in the glory of heaven.
At Soissons in France, St. Arnulf, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Stanislas Kostka, a native of Poland, confessor of the Society of Jesus, who being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a long time by the angelic innocence of his life. He was inscribed on the list of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-August 16th
Roman Martyrology-August 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Joachim, father of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His birthday is noted on the 20th of March.
At Rome, St. Titus, deacon, who, when the city was taken by the Goths, was put to death by a barbarous tribune while distributing money to the poor.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, St. Diomede, a physician who underwent martyrdom by being beheaded during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Palestine thirty-three holy martyrs.
At Ferentino in Campania, St. Ambrose, centurion. In the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to different kinds of tortures, and finally passing through fire without injury, was cast into the waters, and thus reached the place of eternal rest.
At Milan, the death of St. Simplician, bishop, renowned by the testimony of given of him by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine.
At Auxerre, St. Eleutherius, bishop.
At Nicomedia, St. Arsacius, confessor. Under the persecution of Licinius he left the military service, and leading a solitary life, became so famous for working miracles that we read of his expelling the demons and killing a huge dragon by his prayers. Finally he foretold the destruction of the city, and gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In France, near Montpellier, in the province of Narbonne, the death of blessed Roch, confessor, who by the sing of the cross, delivered many cities of Italy from an epidemic. His body was afterwards transferred to Venice, and deposited with the greatest honours in the church dedicated under his invocation.
At Rome, St. Serena, who had been the wife of Emperor Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 17th
Roman Martyrology-August 17th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. Lawrence, martyr.
St. Hyacinth, confessor of the Order of Preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Carthage in Africa, the holy martyrs Liberatus, abbot, Boniface, a deacon, Servus and Rusticus, subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, monks, and Maximus, a young child. In the persecution of the Vandals, under King Hunneric, they were subjected to various and unheard-of torments for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defence of one baptism. Finally, being nailed to the wood with which they were to be burned, as the fire was always miraculously extinguished whenever kindled, they were struck with iron bars by order of the tyrant until their brains were dashed out. Thus they ended the glorious series of their combats, and were crowned by our Lord.
In Achaia, St. Myron, priest and martyr, who was beheaded at Cyzicum after undergoing many torments, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Antipater.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Mamas, martyr, the son of Saints Theodotus and Rufina, martyrs, who, from childhood to old age, endured a long martyrdom, and at length ended it happily in the reign of Aurelian, under the governor Alexander. He has been highly praised by the holy Fathers Basil and Gregory Nazianzen.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Straton, Philip, and Eutychian, who were condemned to the beasts, but being uninjured by them, ended their martyrdom by fire.
At Ptolemais in Palestine, the holy martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, virgin, who suffered under Aurelian. They were both punished with various cruel torments and were finally beheaded for their constancy in confessing the name of Christ.
At Rome, Pope St. Eusebius.
At Teramo, St. Anastasius, bishop and confessor.
At Montefalco in Umbria, St. Clare, a nun of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, virgin. In her flesh were renewed the mysteries of the Lord's passion, which the faithful honour with great devotion. Pope Leo XIII solemnly inscribed her in the list of the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-August 18th
Roman Martyrology-August 18th- on this date in various years-
At Palestrina, the birthday of the holy martyr Agapitus. Although only fifteen years of age, because he was fervent in the love of Christ, he was arrested by order of Emperor Aurelian, and scourged for a long time. Afterwards, under the prefect Antiochus, he endured more severe torments, and being delivered to the lions by the emperor's order without receiving any injury, he was finally struck with the sword, and thus merited his crown.
At Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, the blessed John and Crispus, priests, who charitably buried the bodies of many saints; afterwards becoming partakers of their merits, they deserved the joys of eternal life.
In the same city, the holy martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus. Being dragged through narrow, stony, and rough places, they yielded up their souls to God.
In Illyria, the holy martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, who, after the martyrdom of Proculus and Maximus, their employers, were subjected to many torments under the governor Licion, and plunged into a deep well.
At Myra in Lycia, the holy martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Helena, mother of the religious emperor Constantine the Great, who was the first to set the example to other princes of protecting and extending the Church.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-August 19th
Roman Martyrology-August 19th- on this date in various years-
At Caen in France, St. John Eudes, apostolic missionary, founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and of the Order of Nuns of our Lady of Charity, and the promoter of the liturgical cult towards the most sacred Hearts of Christ and his Mother. He was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, St. Julius, senator and martyr, who was delivered up to the judge Vitellius, and thrown into prison by him. By order of Emperor Commodus, he was beaten with rods until he expired. His body was buried in the cemetery of Caleposius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, St. Magnus, bishop and martyr, who was put to death in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of St. Andrew, tribune, and his military companions, who were converted to Christianity through a miraculous victory they had gained over the Persians. Being accused on this account, they were massacred in the Mount Taurus pass, by the army of the governor Seleucus, under Emperor Maximian.
In Palestine, St. Timothy, a martyr in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus. After overcoming many torments, he was consumed with a slow fire. In the same country there suffered also Thecla and Agapius. The former, being exposed to the beasts, was torn to pieces by their teeth, and went to her Spouse; but Agapius, after enduring many torments, was reserved for greater trials.
At Rome, St. Sixtus III, pope and confessor.
In Provence, at the village of Brignoles, the death of St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, of the Order of Friars Minor, renowned for holiness of life and miracles. His body was taken to Marseilles, and buried with due honours in the Church of the Friars Minor, but afterwards it was taken to Valencia in Spain, and enshrined in the cathedral.
In the neighbourhood of Sisteron in France, blessed Donatus, priest and confessor. Being from his very infancy endowed with the grace of God in an extraordinary manner, he lived the life of an anchoret for many years, and after having been renowned for glorious miracles, went to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Marianus, confessor, whose virtues and miracles were described with great praise by St. Gregory, bishop of Tours.
At Mantua, St. Rufina, confessor.
At Nuremburg, St. Sebald, hermit, noted for his virtues and miracles. Pope Martin V added his name to the list of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-August 20th
Roman Martyrology-August 20th- on this date in various years-
In the territory of Langres, the death of St. Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, illustrious for virtues, learning, and miracles. He was declared and confirmed doctor of the Universal Church by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius VIII.
At Rome, the death of St. Pius X, pope and confessor, who championed the integrity of the faith and the liberty of the Church, and was renowned for his religious zeal. His feastday is celebrated on the 3rd of September.
On Mount Senario in Tuscany, the birthday of St. Manetto, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who died as he was repeating a hymn to her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
In Judea, the holy prophet Samuel, whose holy relics (as is related by St. Jerome) were taken to Constantinople by Emperor Arcadius, and deposited near Septimum.
In Cyprus, St. Lucius, senator, who was converted to the faith on seeing the constancy of Theodore, bishop of Cyrene, during his martyrdom. He also converted the governor Dignian, with whom he set out for Cyprus, where, seeing other Christians crowned for the confession of the Lord, he offered himself voluntarily, and merited the same crown of martyrdom by beheading.
In Thrace, in the time of the governor Apellian, thirty-seven holy martyrs, who had their hands and feet cut off for the faith of Christ, and were cast into a burning furnace.
Also, the holy martyrs Severus, and the centurion Memnon, who, suffering the same kind of death, went victoriously to heaven.
At Cordova, during the persecution of the Arabs, the holy martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, monks, who were thrust into prison for the defence of the Christian faith, and soon after, being beheaded and cast into the fire, thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In the island of Hermoutier, St. Philibert, abbot.
At Rome, blessed Porphyry, a man of God, who instructed the holy martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At Chinon, St. Maximus, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Martin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-August 21st
Roman Martyrology-August 21st- on this date in various years-
The festival of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, foundress of the Order of Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, whose birthday is commemorated on the 13th of December.
At Rome, in the Agro Verano, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ.
In Gevaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona in Dalmatia, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of Emperor Aurelian for confessing the name of Christ, went to our Lord, a martyr.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Bononus and Maximian.
At Fundi in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the apostles. Thence he retired to the neighbourhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune while he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity.
At Edessa in Syria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory.
At Verona, St. Euprepius, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Quadratus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Sidonius, bishop, noted for learning and holiness.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Bernard Ptolemy, abbot and founder of the Congregation of Olivetans.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot (cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-August 22nd
Roman Martyrology-August 22nd- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr Timothy. After he had been arrested by Tarquin, prefect of the city, and kept for a long time in prison, because he refused to sacrifice to idols, he was scourged three times, subjected to the most severe torments, and finally beheaded.
At Porto, St. Hippolytus, bishop, most renowned for learning. Having gloriously confessed the faith, in the time of Emperor Alexander, he was bound hand and foot, thrown into a deep ditch filled with water, and thus received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried by the Christians at that place.
At Autun, St. Symphorian, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Aurelian. Refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols, he was first scourged, then confined to prison, and finally ended his martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Philip Beniti, confessor, of Florence. He was a zealous promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary and was a man of great humility. He was canonized by Pope Clement X; his feast, however, is observed on the day following.
At Rome, St. Antoninus, martyr, who, openly declaring himself a Christian, was condemned to capital punishment by the judge Vitellius, and buried on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, bishop and martyr, Anthusa, a noble woman he had baptized , and two of her servants, Charisius and Neophytus, martyrs who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Porto, the holy martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their fellow-martyrs, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Eutholomius.
At Rheims in France, the holy martyrs Maur and his companions.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, St. Gunifort, martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-August 23rd
Roman Martyrology-August 23rd- on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
St. Philip Beniti, confessor, promoter of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who departed to the Lord on the previous day.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Quiriacus, bishop, Maximus, priest, Archelaus, deacon, and their companions, who suffered under prefect Ulpian, in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned after having distinguished themselves by a glorious confession.
At Aegaea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, who were accused of being Christians by their stepmother, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias. After enduring bitter torments, they were fastened to a cross, and thus conquered and triumphed with Christ. After them suffered Dovina and Theonilla.
At Rheims in France, the birthday of the Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who merited to enter the heavenly kingdom by completing their martyrdom in that city.
At Lyons, the holy martyrs Minercus and Eleazar, with his eight sons.
Also St. Luppus, martyr, who, though a slave, enjoyed the liberty of Christ, and was likewise deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, St. Zachaeus, bishop, who governed the Church in that city the fourth after the blessed apostle James.
At Alexandria, St. Theonas, bishop and confessor.
At Utica in Africa, blessed Victor, bishop.
At Autun, St. Flavian, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (Cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-August 24th
Roman Martyrology-August 24th- on this date in various years-
The apostle St. Bartholomew, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India. Passing thence into the Greater Armenia where, after converting many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and having his head cut off by order of King Astyages, he fulfilled his martyrdom. His holy body was first carried to the island of Lipara, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome in the Island of the Tiber, where it is venerated by the pious faithful.
At Lima in Peru, the birthday of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic. Her feast is observed on the 30th of August.
At Nepi, St. Ptolemy, bishop, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. Being sent by him to preach the Gospel in Tuscany, he died a glorious martyr of Christ in the city of Nepi.
Also, St. Eutychius, disciple of the blessed evangelist John. He preached the Gospel in many countries, and was subjected to imprisonment, to stripes and fire, but finally he rested in peace.
Also at Nepi, St. Romanus, bishop of that city, who was the disciple of St. Ptolemy, and his companion in martyrdom.
At Carthage, three hundred holy martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus . Among other torments inflicted on them, a pit filled with burning lime was prepared by order of the governor, who, live coals with incense being brought to him, said to the confessors: "Choose one of these two things: either offer incense to Jupiter upon these coals, or be thrown into the lime." Armed with faith, and confessing Christ to be the Son of God, they quickly threw themselves into the pit, and amid the vapours of the lime were reduced to dust. From this circumstance, this white-robed company of the blessed earned for itself the name of the White Mass.
In Isauria, St. Tation, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus.
Also, St. George Limniota, monk. Because he reprehended the wicked emperor Leo for breaking holy images, and burning the relics of the saints, he had his hands cut off and his head burned by order of the tyrant, and went to our Lord to receive the recompence of a martyr.
At Ostia, on the Tiber, St. Aurea, virgin and martyr, who was plunged into the sea with a stone tied to her neck. Her body being driven to the shore was buried by blessed Nonnus.
At Rouen, St. Owen, bishop and confessor.
At Nevers in France, St. Patrick, abbot.
At Naples in Campania, St. Joan Antide Thouret, virgin, who founded the Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul, and whom Pope Pius XI added to the catalogue of holy virgins.
At Marseilles in France, St. Emily de Vialar, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition. A shining example of fortitude, patience and charity, the Sovereign Pontiff Pius XII added her to the number of the saints.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Mary Micaela virgin, who founded the Institute of Religious Adorer-Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity. Burning with the desire to suffer and draw souls to God, she was numbered among the holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-August 25th
Roman Martyrology-August 25th- on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Louis IX, king of France and confessor, illustrious for holiness of life and glorious miracles. His bones were later translated to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, noteworthy for his holy life and miracles. He founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. The Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XII, named him as heavenly patron of all Christian schoolchildren. His feast is on the 27th of August.
Also at Rome, in the time of Emperor Commodus, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who were first racked, distended by ropes, then beaten with rods and burned about their sides. As they continued faithfully to praise Christ, they were scourged with leaded whips until they expired.
In the same city of Rome, the birthday of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla. As they could not be prevailed upon to abandon the faith of Christ, they were beheaded by order of Ermperor Valerian. Their bodies were buried by blessed Pope Stephen, and afterwards more decently entombed on the 31st of October, by blessed Sixtus on the Appian Way. Gregory V translated them into the sacristy of Santa Maria Nova, together with the Saints Symphronius, Olympius, a tribune, Exuperia, his wife, and Theodulus, his son, who, being all converted by the exertions of Symphonius, and baptized by the same St. Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These holy bodies were found there during the pontificate of Gregory XIII, and placed more honourably beneath the altar of the same church, on the 8th of December.
Also at Rome, St. Genesius, martyr, who had embraced the profession of actor while he was a pagan. One day he was deriding the Christian mysteries in the theatre in the presence of Emperor Diocletian; but by the inspiration of God he was suddenly converted to the faith and baptized. By command of the emperor he was forthwith most cruelly beaten with rods, then racked, and a long time lacerated with iron hooks, and burned with torches. As he remained firm in the faith of Christ, even saying: "There is no king besides Christ. Should you kill me a thousand times, you shall not be able to take him from my lips or my heart." He was then beheaded, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Arles in France, another blessed Genesius, who, filling the office of notary, and refusing to record the impious edicts by which Christians were commanded to be punished, threw away his books publicly, and declared himself a Christian. He was seized and beheaded, and thus attained the glory of martyrdom through baptism in his own blood.
In Syria, St. Julian, martyr.
At Tarragona in Spain, St. Maginus, martyr.
At Italica in Spain, St. Gerontius, bishop, who preached the Gospel in that country in apostolic times, and after many labours died in prison.
At Constantinople, St. Mennas, bishop.
At Utrecht, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Monte Falisco in Etruria, St. Thomas, bishop of the church of Hereford in England, and confessor.
At Naples in Campania, St. Patricia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-August 26th
Roman Martyrology-August 26th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr, whose birthday falls on the 20th of December.
At Cardona in Spain, the birthday of St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for holiness of life and for miracles, whose feast is observed on the 31st of August.
At Rome, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Irenæus and Abundius, who were thrown into a sewer from which they had taken the body of blessed of Concordia. Their bodies were drawn out by the priest Justin, and buried in a crypt near St. Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, St. Secundus, martyr, a distinguished man and officer in the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo in Lombardy, St. Alexander, martyr, who was one of the same legion, and endured martyrdom, being beheaded for the constant confession of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Among the Marcians, the saints Simplicius, and his sons Constantius and Victorian, who were first tortured in different manners, and lastly, struck with the axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of St. Adrian, son of Emperor Probus. For reproaching Licinius because of the persecution of Christians, he was put to death by his order. His body was buried at Argyropolis by his uncle Domitius, bishop of Byzantium.
In Spain, St. Victor, martyr, who merited the crown of martyrs by being slain by the Moors for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, St. Rufinus, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia, St. Felix, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Poitiers, St. Joan-Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, virgin, who with St. Andrà Hubert Fournet co-founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, and who was renowned for her spirit of mortification and life of innocence. Pope Pius XII added her name to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-August 27th
Roman Martyrology-August 27th- on this date in various years-
St. Joseph Calasanctius, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Christian Schools. He fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of August.
At Potenza in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast, together with that of the other twelve holy brethren, is celebrated on the first of September.
At Bergamo, St. Narnus, who was baptized by blessed Barnabas and consecrated by him first bishop of that city.
At Capua, the birthday of St. Rufus, bishop and martyr, a patrician, who was baptized with all his family by blessed Apollinaris, disciple of St. Peter.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Marcellinus, a tribune, and Mannea, his wife, and his sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini in Sicily, St. Euthalia, virgin. Because she was a Christian she was put to the sword by her brother Sermilian, and went to her Spouse.
The same day, the martyrdom of St. Anthusa the Younger, who was made a martyr by being cast into a well for the faith of Christ.
At Arles in France, the holy bishop Caesarius, a man of great sanctity and piety.
At Autun, St. Syagrius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. John, bishop.
At Lerida in Spain, St. Licerius, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Poemen, abbot.
At San Severino, in Piceno, St. Margaret, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-August 28th
Roman Martyrology-August 28th- on this date in various years-
At Hippo in Africa, the birthday of St. Augustine, bishop and famous doctor of the Church. Converted and baptized by the blessed bishop Ambrose, he defended the Catholic faith with the greatest zeal against the Manicheans and other heretics, and after having sustained many other labours for the Church of God, he went to his reward in heaven. His relics, owing to the invasion of barbarians, were first brought from his own city into Sardinia, and afterwards taken by Luitprand, king of the Lombards, to Pavia, where they were deposited with due honours.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Hermes, an illustrious man, who, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Alexander, was first confined in prison, and afterwards fulfilled his martyrdom by the sword, at the time of the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix. During the reign of Emperor Maximian, the judge Valerian ordered these sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla to be beheaded. Their feast, however, is observed with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren on the first of September.
At Prinde in Auvergne, St. Julian, martyr, during the persecution of Diocletian. He was the companion of the blessed tribune Ferreol, and under a military garb he secretly served Christ until arrested by the soldiers, and killed in a barbarous manner by having his throat cut.
At Constance, in Germany, St. Pelagius, martyr, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius.
At Salerno, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, beheaded under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, the holy bishop Alexander, an aged and celebrated man, through whose efficacious prayers Arius, by the judgement of God, burst asunder and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, St. Vivian, bishop and confessor.
Also, St. Moses the Ethiopian, who gave up a life of robbery and became a renowned anchoret. He converted many robbers, and led them to a monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That no one presume to strike another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-August 29th
Roman Martyrology-August 29th- on this date in various years-
The beheading of St. John Baptist, who was put to death by Herod about the feast of Easter. However, his solemn commemoration takes place today, when his venerable head was found for the second time. It was afterwards solemnly carried to Rome, where it is kept in the church of St. Sylvester, near the Campus Martius, and honoured by the people with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, on Mount Aventine, the birthday of St. Sabina, martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, she was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Valiniano in Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus. They were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, and were condemned to death by the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian. Their feast along with that of the other Twelve Holy Brethren is observed on the first of September.
At Rome, St. Candida, virgin and martyr, whose body was transferred to the Church of St. Praxedes by Pope Paschal I.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Hypatius, an Asiatic bishop, and Andrew, a priest, who for the veneration of holy images, under Leo the Isaurian had their beards besmirched with pitch and set on fire, the skin of the heads torn off, and were beheaded.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Nicaeas and Paul.
At Metz in France, St. Adelphus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, the death of St. Merry, priest.
At Perugia, St. Euthymius, a Roman, who fled from the persecution of Diocletian with this wife and his son Crescentius, and there rested in the Lord.
In England, St. Sebbe, king.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin.
In the vicinity of Troyes, St. Sabina, a virgin, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-August 30th
Roman Martyrology-August 30th- on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Rose of St. Mary, virgin of the Third Order of St. Dominic, whose birthday is recalled on the 24th of August.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the martyrdom of the blessed priest Felix, under Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. After being racked he was sentenced to death, and as they led him to execution, he met a man who spontaneously declared himself a Christian, and was forthwith beheaded with him. The Christians, not knowing his name, called him Adauctus, because he was added to St. Felix and shared his crown.
Also at Rome, St. Gaudentia, virgin and martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana in Africa, sixty blessed martyrs, who were murdered by the furious heathen.
At Bologna, St. Bononius, abbot.
At Rome, St Pammachius, priest, who was noteworthy for learning and sanctity.
At Adrumetum, also in Africa, the Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of twelve blessed sons, all martyrs.
At Thessalonica, St. Fantinus, confessor, who suffered much from the Saracens, and was driven from his monastery, in which he had lived in great abstinence. After having brought many to the way of salvation, he rested at last at an advanced age.
In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fiacre, confessor.
At Trevi in Lazio, St. Peter, confessor, who was distinguished for many virtues and miracles. He is honoured in that place from which he departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-August 31st
Roman Martyrology-August 31st- on this date in various years-
St. Raymund Nonnatus, cardinal and confessor, of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives. His birthday is commemorated on the 26th of August.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, the birthday of St. Bonajuncta, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who gave up his soul into the hands of the Lord while he was preaching to his brethren on the Passion of our Saviour. his feast is kept with that of his companions on the 12th of February.
At Treves, the birthday of St. Paulinus, a bishop, who was exiled for the Catholic faith by the Arian emperor Constantius, in the time of the Arian persecution. By having to change the place of his exile, which was beyond the limits of Christendom, he became wearied unto death, and finally, dying in Phrygia, received a crown from the Lord for his blessed martyrdom.
At Transaco, in the Marches near Lake Fucino, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caesidius, priest, and his companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Also, the holy martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia. The first two were the parents of the martyr St. Mamas, who was born in prison, and whom Ammia brought up.
At Auxerre, St. Optatus, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne. When St. Cuthbert, then a shepherd, saw his soul going up to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk. Mention is made of St. Cuthbert on the 20th of March.
At Nosco, St. Amatus, bishop.
At Athens, St. Aristides, most celebrated for his faith and wisdom, who presented to Emperor Hadrian a treatise on the Christian religion, containing the exposition of our doctrine. In the presence of the emperor, he also delivered a discourse in which he clearly demonstrated the Jesus Christ is the only God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for August 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God?s protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-September 1st
Roman Martyrology-September 1st- on this date in various years-
In the province of Narbonne, St. Giles, abbot and confessor. A town which later arose in the place where he had built his monastery and where he died was named after him.
At Sentiano, in the district of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and a second Felix who were the sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla. After they had endured various torments under the judge Valerian in the reign of Emperor Maximian, they were condemned to be beheaded on this day. Today also is kept the festival of the others of the Twelve Holy Brethren, whose birthdays are noted in their proper place. The bodies of these Twelve Holy Brethren were later translated to Benevento where they are honourably enshrined.
In Palestine, the Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, blessed Anna, prophetess, whose sanctity is revealed in the Gospel.
At Capua, on the Via Aquaria, St. Priscus, martyr, who was formerly one of the disciples of Christ.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Terentian, bishop and martyr. Under Emperor Hadrian, by order of the proconsul Laetian, he was racked, scourged with whips set with metal, and finally having had his tongue cut out, he ended his martyrdom by undergoing capital punishment.
At Heraclea, under the tyrant Licinius, St. Ammon, deacon, and forty holy virgins whom he instructed in the faith and led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Regulus, martyr, who went thither from Africa, and consummated his martyrdom under Totila.
At Capua, St. Priscus, bishop. He was one of those priests who were subjected to various trials for the Catholic faith during the persecution of the Vandals. Being put in an old ship on the coast of Africa, they reached the shores of Campania, and separating, they were placed at the head of various churches, and thus greatly extended the Christian religion. The companions of Priscus were Castrensis, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of February, Tammarius, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related that on a certain day, while he stood at the holy altar in the presence of the clergy, a gem fell from heaven into the consecrated chalice which he was using.
At Rheims in France, St. Sixtus, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who consecrated him the first bishop of that city. He received the crown of martyrdom under Nero.
At Le Mans in France, St. Victorinus, bishop.
At Aquino, St. Constantius, a bishop renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
In Baden, in the province of Constance, St. Verena, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-September 2nd
Roman Martyrology-September 2nd- on this date in various years-
St. Stephen, king of Hungary and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of August.
At Rome, the holy martyr Maxima, who confessed Christ with St. Ansanus in the persecution of Diocletian, and yielded up her soul while being beaten with rods.
At Pamiers in France, St. Antoninus, martyr, whose relics are kept with great veneration in the church of Palencia, in Spain.
Also, the holy martyrs, Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas. Their martyrdoms were completed, some by fire, some water, others by the sword or by the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Zeno, and his sons Concordius and Theodore.
At Lyons in France, St. Elpidius, bishop and confessor.
In Piceno, another St. Elpidius, an abbot. A town bearing his name glories in the possession of his holy body.
On Mount Soracte, Abbot St. Nonnosus, who by his prayers moved a rock of huge proportions, and was renowned for other miracles.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Evodius and Hermogenes, brothres, and Callista, their sister. Mention is made of them that they died on the 25th of April in the city of Syracuse in Italy.
At Lyons in France, the translation of St. Justus, bishop and confessor, and Viator, his servant, whose birthdays occur on the 14th of October and the 21st of October.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-September 3rd
Roman Martyrology-September 3rd- on this date in various years-
Pope St. Pius X, whose birthday is mentioned on the 20th of August.
At Corinth the birthday of St. Phoebe, mentioned by the blessed apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Aristaeus, bishop, and Antoninus, a young boy.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Aigulphus, abbot of Lerins, and the monks, his companions, who, after their tongues were cut off and their eyes plucked out, were killed with the sword.
Also, the holy martyrs Zeno and Chariton. The one was cast into a cauldron of melted lead, the other into a burning furnace.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Sandal the martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy virgins and martyrs Euphemia, Dorothy, Thecla, and Erasma. Under Nero, after enduring many torments, they were slain with the sword and buried by St. Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Basilissa, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Alexander. At the age of nine years, after having, through the power of God, overcome scourging, fire, and the beasts - "by which she converted the governor to the faith of Christ - she at length gave up her soul to God while at prayer outside the city.
At Toul in France, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, the death of St. Auxanus, bishop.
The same day, St. Simon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the translation of St. Serapia, virgin and martyr, who suffered on the 29th of July.
Also at Rome, the raising to the Sovereign Pontificate of St. Gregory the Great. This incomparable man, being forced to take that burden upon himself, sent forth from the exalted throne brighter rays of sanctity upon the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-September 4th
Roman Martyrology-September 4th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, the holy lawgiver and prophet Moses.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Candida, who was the first to meet St. Peter when he came to that city, and being baptized by him afterwards ended her holy life in peace.
At Treves, St. Marcellus, bishop and martyr.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the birthday of three saintly boys, Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, martyrs.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Magnus, Castus and Maximus.
At Chalons in France, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Marcellus, martyr. Being invited to a profane banquet by the governor Priscus, he scorned to partake of the meats that were served, and reproved with great freedom all persons present for worshipping idols. For this, with unheard-of cruelty, the same governor had him buried alive up to the waist. After persevering for three days in praising God, he yielded up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, St. Thamel, previously a pagan priest, and his companions, martyrs under Emperor Hadrian.
Also, the holy martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who had their feet cut off, and completed their martyrdom by being thrown into the fire, in the time of Emperor Maximian.
At Rome, St. Boniface I, pope and confessor.
At Rimini, St. Marinus, deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of St. Rosalia, virgin, a native of that city, born of the royal blood of Charlemagne. For the love of Christ, she forsook the princely court of her father, and led a saintly life alone in mountains and caverns.
At Viterbo, the translation of St. Rose the Virgin, of the Third Order of St. Francis, during the pontificate of Pope Alexander IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-September 5th
Roman Martyrology-September 5th- on this date in various years-
Saint Lawrence Justinian, first patriarch of Venice and confessor, who on this day unwillingly ascended the episcopal throne. His birthday is the 8th of January.
In the suburbs of Rome, blessed Victorinus, bishop and martyr, in the time of Nerva Trajan. Being renowned for sanctity and miracles, he was elected bishop of Amiterno by the whole populace, but afterwards he was banished, with other servants of God, to Contigliano, where fetid sulphurous waters spring forth, and was suspended with his head downward by order of the judge Aurelian. Having for the name of Christ endured this torment for three days, he was gloriously crowned and went victoriously to our Lord. His body was taken away by the Christians and buried with due honours at Amiterno.
At Constantinople, the holy martyrs Urbanus, Theodore, Menedemus, and their companions of ecclesiastical rank, seventy-seven in number, who were put in a ship by the command of Emperor Valens, and burned on the sea for the Catholic faith.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Herculanus, martyr, who was scourged and beheaded in the reign of Emperor Gallus because of the Christian faith.
At Capua, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, St. Romulus, prefect of Trajan's court. For reproving the cruelty of the emperor towards Christians, he was scourged with rods and beheaded.
At Melitine in Armenia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the martyrdom of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and their companions to the number of eleven hundred and four, who threw away their military belts and were put to death for the confession of Christ.
In the neighbourhood of Terouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in France, St. Bertinus, abbot.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Obdulia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-September 6th
Roman Martyrology-September 6th- on this date in various years-
In Palestine, the prophet Zachary, who returned in his old age from Chaldea to his own country, and lies buried near the prophet Aggeus.
In the Hellespont, St. Onesiphorus, disciple of the apostles, of whom St. Paul speaks in his Letter to Timothy. He was severely scourged with St. Porphyry, by order of the proconsul Adrian, and being dragged by wild horses, gave up his soul unto God.
In Africa, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy bishops Donatian, Praesidius,, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who were most cruelly scourged and sent into exile by order of the Arian king Hunneric, because they proclaimed the Catholic truth. Among them was one named Laetus, also a bishop, a courageous and very learned man, who was burned alive after a long imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Valerius, the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Macarius, and ten companions, who received the martyr's crown by being beheaded for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Cottidus, deacon, Eugene, and their companions.
At Verona, St. Peronius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the holy abbot Eleutherius, a servant of God, who, according to the testimony of Pope St. Gregory, raised a dead man to life by his prayers and tears.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-September 7th
Roman Martyrology-September 7th- on this date in various years-
At Troyes, St. Nemorius, deacon, and his companions, all martyrs, who were slain by Attila, king of the Huns.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed martyr John, who upon seeing the cruel edicts against Christians, posted in the public square, and being inflamed with an ardent faith, reached out his hand, took them away and tore them up. This was related to Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, then residing in the city, who gave orders that he should be subjected to many kinds of torments. The noble champion bore them with such cheerfulness of spirit as not to shew on his countenance the least trace of pain or grief.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was accused of professing Christianity and who was cast into prison. Having been released shortly after, he immediately sold his inheritance, and distributed the price of it partly to his accusers, whom he regarded as his benefactors. But being again arrested, under the judge Sapritius, he was tortured, pierced through with a sword, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Sozon, a martyr who was thrown into the fire and yielded up his spirit.
At Aquileia, St. Anastasius, martyr.
In the diocese of Autun, under the proconsul Olybrius, St. Regina, virgin and martyr. After having suffered imprisonment, the rack, and burning with torches, she was finally condemned to capital punishment, and so went to her spouse.
At Orleans in France, the departure from this life of the holy bishop Evortius, who was first a subdeacon of the Roman Church, and afterwards, through a divine favour, was designated by a dove as bishop of that city.
In France, St. Augustalis, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, St. Pamphilus, bishop.
In the territory of Paris, St. Cloud, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-September 8th
Roman Martyrology-September 8th- on this date in various years-
The Nativity of the most Blessed and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
St. Hadrian, martyr, whose birthday is on the 4th of March. His feast, however, is observed today, the day on which his holy body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia in Spain, the birthday of St. Thomas of Villanova, bishop and confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, distinguished by his ardent love for the poor. He was inscribed among the saints by Pope Alexander VII, and his festival is observed on the 22nd of this month.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the Saints Timothy and Faustus, martyrs.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, who were torn to pieces by a multitude of pagans that rushed upon them.
In the same place, and under the same Julian, St. Nestor, martyr, who breathed his last after being most cruelly tortured by the same furious heathen.
At Rome, St. Sergius I, pope and confessor.
At Freisingen, St. Corbinian, first bishop of that city. Being consecrated by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, he reaped abundant fruits in France and Germany, and finally rested in peace, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In New Carthage in South America, St. Peter Claver, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He devoted more than forty years with wonderful mortification and exceeding charity to the service of the Negroes who had been enslaved, and with his own hand baptized in Christ almost three hundred thousand of them. Pope Leo XIII added him to the list of the saints, and then declared him to be the special heavenly patron of all missions for the Negroes.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord's sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called "Girovagi," who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-September 9th
Roman Martyrology-September 9th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Dorothy and Gorgonius. The greatest honours had been conferred on them by Emperor Diocletian, but as they detested the cruelty which he exercised against the Christians, they were by his order hung up in his presence and lacerated with whips. Then, having the skin torn off from their bodies and vinegar and salt poured over them, they were burned on a gridiron, and finally strangled. After some time the body of blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and deposited on the Latin Way. From there it was transferred to the basilica of St. Peter.
Among the Sabines, thirty miles from Rome, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Severian, a soldier of Emperor Licinius. For frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs in prison, he was suspended in the air with a stone tied to his feet by order of the governor Lysias, and being scourged and torn with whips, yielded up his soul in the midst of his torments.
On the same day, St. Strato, who ended his martyrdom for Christ by being tied to two trees and torn asunder.
Also, the holy martyrs Rufinus and Rufinian, brothers.
In the territory of Terouanne, St. Omer, bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, St. Kiaran, priest and abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 9:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-September 10th
Roman Martyrology-September 10th- on this date in various years-
At Tolentino in Piceno, the departure from this life of St. Nicholas, confessor, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy bishops Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others. Because a violent persecution was breaking out under Valerian and Gallienus, they were at their first courageous confession of Christ beaten with rods, placed in irons, and sent to dig in the metal mines where they completed their combat with a glorious confession.
At Liege in Belgium, St. Theodard, bishop and martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after his death was renowned for the gift of miracles.
At Chalcedon, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Sosthenes and Victor. Under Priscus, proconsul of Asia, they were loaded with fetters and exposed to the beasts, after which they were condemned to be burned. But while they were saluting each other with a holy kiss and praying, they expired.
Also the holy martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy virgins Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters. Under Emperor Maximian and the governor Fronto, they were crowned with martyrdom, and went to eternal glory.
At Compostella, St. Peter, bishop, who was celebrated for his many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, St. Salvius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Agapius, bishop.
At Constantinople, St. Pulcheria, empress and virgin, distinguished by her piety and zeal for religion.
At Naples in Campania, St. Candida the Younger, famed for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 10:
CHAPTER II
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-September 11th
Roman Martyrology-September 11th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the old Salarian Way in the cemetery of Basilla, the birthday of the holy martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers, and eunuchs in the service of blessed Eugenia. They were arrested in the time of Emperor Gallienus on the charge of being Christians, and urged to offer sacrifice to the gods. Because they refused, they were most severely scourged and finally beheaded.
At Leon in Spain, St. Vincent, abbot and martyr.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of Saints Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, the holy bishop Paphnutius, one of those confessors who, under Emperor Galerius Maximinus, having the right eye plucked out and the joint of the left knee cut, were condemned to work in the metal mines. Afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he courageously strove for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and at length, adorned with many crowns, rested in peace.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Patiens, bishop.
At Vercelli, St. Aemilian, bishop.
At Alexandria, St. Theodora, who having committed a fault through imprudence and repenting of it, remained unknown in a religious habit, and persevered until her death in practices of extraordinary abstinence and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-September 12th
Roman Martyrology-September 12th- on this date in various years-
The feast of the most holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated by order of the Sovereign Pontiff, Innocent XI, on account of the signal victory gained over the Turks at Vienna in Austria through her protection.
In Bithynia, St. Autonomus, bishop and martyr, who went to that country from Italy to avoid the persecution of Diocletian. After he had converted many to the faith, he was killed at the altar by the furious heathen while celebrating the sacred mysteries, and thus he became a victim for Christ.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Curonotus, who received the crown of martyrdom by being beheaded under the governor Perennius.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximinus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who were drowned in the sea for the confession of the name of Christ.
At Merum in Phrygia, the holy martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, under Julian the Apostate. After other torments, they joyfully completed their martyrdom by being laid on burning gridirons by order of the governor Almachius.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, mentioned on the 8th of February. The blessed Hermagoras, disciple of the evangelist St. Mark, sent him to that city along with St. Cyrus, who is mentioned on the 9th of December. They both preached the Gospel of Christ there, and being renowned for great virtues and miracles, enlightened the neighbouring cities by divine works. They closed their glorious careers in peace, invested with the episcopal office.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Sacerdos, bishop.
At Verona, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels in Belgium, St. Guido, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-September 13th
Roman Martyrology-September 13th- on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Philip, father of the virgin St. Eugenia. Resigning the dignity of prefect of Egypt, he received the grace of baptism. His successor, the prefect Terentius, had him pierced through the throat with a sword while he was praying.
Also, the holy martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, St. Ligorius, marytr. While living in the desert, he was murdered by heathens for the faith of Christ.
At Alexandria, St. Eulogius, a bishop celebrated for learning and sanctity.
At Angers in France, St. Maurilius, a bishop renowned for numberless miracles.
At Sens, St. Amatus, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont in France, St. Amatus, priest and abbot, illustrious for the virtue of abstinence and the gift of miracles.
The same day, St. Venerius, confessor, a man of admirable sanctity who led the life of a hermit on the island of Palmaria.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-September 14th
Roman Martyrology-September 14th- on this date in various years-
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when Emperor Heraclius, after defeating King Chosroes, brought it back to Jerusalem from Persia.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the persecution of Decius, blessed Cornelius, pope and martyr. After being banished, he was scourged with leaded whips and then beheaded with twenty-one others of both sexes. On the same day were condemned to capital punishment Caerealis, a soldier, and his wife Sallustia, who had been instructed in the faith by the same Cornelius.
In Africa, in the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, most renowned for holiness and learning. It was near the seashore, six miles from the city, that he completed his martyrdom by beheading, after enduring a most painful exile. The feast of the Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is kept on the 16th of this month.
At Comana in Pontus, the birthday of St. John, bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom because of his golden eloquence. He was cast into exile by a faction of his enemies, but was recalled by a decree of Pope Innocent I. However, he suffered many evils on the journey at the hands of the soldiers who guarded him, and he rendered up his soul unto God. His feast is kept on the 27th of January, on which day his holy body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and appointed this glorious preacher of the divine Word as heavenly patron of those preaching of holy things.
At Treves, the holy bishop Maternus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Peter, who brought to the faith of Christ the inhabitants of Tongres, Cologne, Treves, and of the neighbouring country.
On the Salarian Way at Rome, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Crescentius, the young son of St. Euthymius, whose life was ended by the sword, under the judge Turpilius.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-September 15th
Roman Martyrology-September 15th- on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Nicomedes, priest and martyr. Because he said to those who would compel him to sacrifice: "I offer sacrifice only to the omnipotent God who reigneth in heaven," he was for a long time scourged with leaded whips, and thus passed to the Lord.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Emilas, deacon, and Jeremias, who ended their martyrdom in the persecution of the Arabs by being beheaded after a long stay in prision.
In the diocese of Chalons, St. Valerian, martyr, who was suspended on high by the governor Priscus, and tortured with iron hooks. Remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, and continuing joyfully to praise him, he was struck with the sword by order of the same magistrate.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the holy martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under Emperor Maximian.
Also, St. Porphyry, a comedian, who was baptized in jest in the presence of Julian the Apostate, but was suddenly converted by the power of God and declared himself a Christian. By order of the emperor he was thereupon struck with an axe, and thus crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Nicetas, a Goth, who was burned alive for the Catholic faith by order of King Athanaric.
At Marcianapolis in Thrace, St. Melitina, a martyr, in the time of Emperor Antoninus and the governor Antiochus. She was twice led to the temples of the heathens, and since the idols fell to the ground each time, she was hanged and torn, and finally beheaded.
At Toul in France, St. Aper, bishop.
Also, St. Leobinus, bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons in France, St. Albinus, bishop.
On the same day, the death of St. Aichard, abbot.
In France, St. Eutropia, widow.
In Genoa, St. Catherine, a widow, renowned for her contempt of the world and her love of God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-September 16th
Roman Martyrology-September 16th- on this date in various years-
The holy martyrs Cornelius, pope, and Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who were mentioned on the 14th of September.
At Chalcedon, the birthday of St. Euphemia, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Diocletian and the proconsul Priscus. For her faith in our Lord she was subjected to tortures, imprisonment, blows, the torment of the wheel, fire, the crushing weight of stones, the teeth of the beasts, scourging with rods, the cutting of sharp saws, and burning pans, all of which she survived. But when she was again exposed to the beasts in the amphitheatre, praying to our Lord to receive her spirit, one of the animals inflicted a bite on her holy body although the rest of them licked her feet, and she yielded her unspotted soul unto God.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminian, who were subjected to grievous afflictions and were for a long time tortured by the command of Emperor Diocletian. Finally, being put to the sword, they obtained the glorious victory of martyrdom.
The birthday of St. Martin I, pope and martyr. He had called together a council at Rome and condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus. By order of the heretical Emperor Constantius he was taken prisoner through a deceit, brought to Constantinople, and exiled to the Chersonese. There he ended his life, worn out with his labours for the Catholic faith and favoured with many virtues. His body was afterwards brought to Rome and buried in the church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is observed on the 12th of November.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr. She brought her husband and brother Tiburtius to the faith of Christ and afterwards encouraged them on to martyrdom. Almachius, prefect of the city, after their martyrdom, had her arrested and slain by the sword, after she had endured many trials and had passed through fire unhurt. This was in the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is celebrated on the 22nd of November.
At Heraclea in Thrace, under Emperor Domitian and the governor Sergius, St. Sebastiana, martyr. Being brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed apostle Paul, she was tormented in various ways and finally beheaded.
At Rome, at a place on the Flaminian Way ten miles from the city, the holy martyrs Abundius, a priest, and Abundantius, a deacon, whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be struck with the sword, together with Marcian, an illustrious man, and his son John, whom they raised from the dead.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Rogellus and Servusdeus, who were beheaded after their hands and feet had been cut off.
At Whithorn in Scotland, St. Ninian, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Edith, virgin, daughter of the English King Edgar. She was consecrated to God in a monastery from her earliest years, and it may be said rather that she never knew the world than that she forsook it.
At Monte Cassino, the blessed Pope Victor III, successor of Pope St. Gregory VII, who shed a fresh lustre on the Apostolic See, and by God's help gained a famous victory over the Saracens. Pope Leo XIII approved and confirmed the veneration given him from time immemorial.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-September 17th
Roman Martyrology-September 17th- on this date in various years-
The commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata which St. Francis, founder of the Order of Friars Minor, received through a wonderful favour of God in his hands, feet, and side, at Mount Alverina in Etruria.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Robert Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, confessor and cardinal, and also formerly bishop of Capua. He is noted for his holiness, learning, and the many great tasks he performed in defence of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See. Pope Pius XI bestowed on him the honours of the saints, declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, and appointed the 13th of May as his feast day.
At Rome, on the road to Tivoli, the birthday of St. Justin, priest and martyr, who distinguished himself by a glorious confession of the faith during the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. He buried the bodies of the blessed Pontiff Sixtus II, of Lawrence, Hippolytus, and many other saints, and finally completed his martyrdom under Claudius.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege in Belgium, blessed Lambert, bishop of Mæstricht. Through his zeal for religion he rebuked the royal family, and was undeservedly put to death by the guilty, and thus he entered the court of the heavenly kingdom, to enjoy it forever.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Peter of Arbues, first inquisitor of the faith in the kingdom of Aragon, who received the palm of martyrdom by being barbarously massacred by apostate Jews for courageously defending the Catholic faith, according to the duties of his office. He was added to the list of martyr saints by Pius IX.
In England, the holy martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Valerian, St. Flocellus, a boy, who, after many sufferings, was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and thus won the crown of martyrs.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Columba, virgin and martyr.
In Phrygia, St. Ariadne, martyr, under Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, St. Agathoclia, servant of an infidel woman, who was for a long time subjected by her to blows and other afflictions that she might deny Christ. She was finally presented to the judge and cruelly lacerated, but since she persisted in confessing the faith, they cut off her tongue and threw her into the flames.
At Milan, the death of St. Satyrus, confessor, whose distinguished merits are mentioned by his brother, St. Ambrose.
At Bingen, in the diocese of Mainz, St. Hildegard, virgin.
At Rome, St. Theodora, a matron who zealously ministered to the martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council(cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-September 18th
Roman Martyrology-September 18th- on this date in various years-
At Osimo in Piceno, St. Joseph of Cupertino, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, who was placed among the saints by Clement XIII.
In Chalcis of Greece, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop of Olympius in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre in Phoenicia, most renowned for eloquence and learning. St. Jerome says that he won the martyr's crown at the end of the last persecution.
In the diocese of Vienne, the holy martyr Ferreol, a tribune, who was arrested by order of the impious governor Crispinus, most cruelly scourged, loaded with heavy chains, and cast into a dark dungeon. A miracle broke his bonds and opened the doors of the prison, from which he made his escape, but he was taken again by his pursuers and received the palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
Also, the Saints Sophia and Irene, martyrs.
At Milan, St. Eustorgius, first bishop of that city, highly praised by blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna in Crete, St. Eumenius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one?s heart, all one?s soul, and all one?s strength.
2. Then one?s neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-September 19th
Roman Martyrology-September 19th- on this date in various years-
At Pozzuoli in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, bishop of Benevento; Festus, his deacon, and Desiderius, a lector, together with Sosius, a deacon of the Church of Miseno; Proculus, deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius, and Acutius, who were bound and imprisoned and then beheaded during the reign of Diocletian. The body of St. Januarius was brought to Naples and buried in the church with due honours, where even now the blood of the blessed martyr is kept in a vial, and when placed close to his head is seen to become liquid and bubble up as if it were just taken from his veins.
In Palestine, the holy martyrs Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, bishops in Egypt, with many others of the clergy, who were consumed by fire for the sake of Christ during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nocera, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
Also, the holy martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, senator, under Emperor Probus. By command of the governor Atticus at Antioch, Sabbatius was scourged until he expired. Trophimus was sent to the governor Perennius at Synnada, where he and the senator Dorymedon completed their martyrdom by being beheaded after enduring many torments.
At Eleutheropolis in Palestine, St. Susanna, virgin and martyr. She was the daughter of Arthemius, a pagan priest, and of Martha, a Jewish woman, and after the death of her parents she was converted to the Christian faith. For this she was tortured in various ways, and cast in prison by the prefect Alexander, and there gave up her spirit while at prayer.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Pomposa, virgin and martyr. Because of her fearless witness to Christ she was beheaded in the Arab persecution, and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Canterbury, the holy bishop Theodore, who was sent to England by Pope Vitalian, and who was renowned for learning and holiness.
At Tours in France, St. Eustochius, bishop, a man of great virtue.
In the diocese of Langres, St. Sequanus, priest and confessor.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Mary de Cervellione, virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom. She is commonly called Mary of Help on account of the prompt assistance she renders to those who invoke her.
In the village of Druelle, in the diocese of Rodez in France, St. Marie Guillemette Emilie de Rodat, virgin, and foundress of the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Family, which was established to teach poor and orphaned girls. Pius XII added her name to the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 19:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-September 20th
Roman Martyrology-September 20th- on this date in various years-
The vigil of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eustace, and Theopistes, his wife, with their two sons, Agapitus and Theopistus. Under Emperor Hadrian they were condemned to be cast to the beasts, but by the power of God they were uninjured by them, so they were shut up in a heated brazen ox, and thus completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicum, on the sea of Marmora, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evilasius and the virgin Fausta, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Fausta's head was shaved to shame her, and she was hung up and tortured by Evilasius, then a pagan priest. But when he wished to have her body cut in two, the executioners could not inflict any injury upon her. Amazed at this prodigy, Evilasius believed in Christ and was cruelly tortured by order of the emperor; at the same time Fausta had her head bored through and her whole body pierced with nails. She was then laid on a heated gridiron, and being called by a celestial voice, went in company with Evilasius to enjoy the blessedness of heaven.
In Phrygia, the holy martyrs Denis and Privatus.
Also St. Priscus, martyr, whose body was pierced throughout with daggers, after which he was beheaded.
At Pergen in Pamphylia, the Saints Theodore, his mother Philippa, and their fellow martyrs, in the time of Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, under Emperor Maximian, St. Candida, virgin and martyr. After her body was lacerated by whips she was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, St. Clicerius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, the translation of the body of St. Agapitus I, pope and confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which he died on the 22nd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-September 21st
Roman Martyrology-September 21st- on this date in various years-
The birthday of St. Matthew, apostle and evangelist, who suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia while engaged in preaching. The Gospel written by him in Hebrew was found by his own revelation during the time of Emperor Zeno, together with the relics of the blessed apostle Barnabas.
In the land of the Saar, the holy prophet Jonas, who was buried in Geth.
In Ethiopia, St. Iphigenia, virgin, who was baptized and consecrated to God by the blessed apostle Matthew, and who ended her holy life in peace.
At Rome, St Pamphilius, martyr.
On the Claudian Way, twenty miles from Rome, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, the martyrdom of St. Alexander, bishop. For the faith of Christ he was loaded with fetters, scourged, tortured, burned with torches, torn with iron hooks, exposed to the beasts, and cast into the flames, but having overcome all these torments, he was finally beheaded, and thus attained the glory of eternal life. His body was afterwards carried into the city by blessed Pope Damasus on the 26th of November.
In Cyprus, St. Isacius, bishop and martyr.
In Phoenicia, St. Eusebius, martyr, who of his own accord went to the prefect and declared himself a Christian. He was subjected by him to many torments, and finally beheaded.
In Cyprus, St. Meletius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 21:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works(cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-September 22nd
Roman Martyrology-September 22nd- on this date in various years-
St. Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, archbishop of Valencia and confessor, whose birthday is the 8th of September.
At St. Maurice, near Sion in Switzerland, the birthday of the holy Theban martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their companions of the same legion, whose martyrdom for the faith during the time of Maximian filled the world with the glory of their sufferings.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the holy virgins and martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus. Their relics are kept in the church of St. Marcellus.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Emmeramus, bishop and martyr, who patiently endured a most cruel death for the sake of our Lord, in order to set others free.
At Arpajon, near Paris, St. Jonas, priest and martyr, who went to France along with St. Denis. After he was scourged by the order of the prefect Julian, his martyrdom was ended by the sword.
At Antinopolis in Egypt, the holy martyrs Irais, an Alexandrian virgin, and her companions. Having gone out to draw water at a near-by fountain, and seeing a boat loaded with Christian confessors, she immediately left her vessel and joined them. She was conducted to the city with them, and after many torments she was the first to have her head struck off. After her, priests, deacons, virgins, and all others underwent the same kind of death.
At Rome, Pope St. Felix IV, who laboured exceedingly for the Catholic faith.
At Meaux, blessed Sanctinus, bishop, a disciple of St. Denis the Areopagite, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, St. Lanto, bishop.
At Mount Glonna in France, the holy priest Florentius.
In the territory of Bourges, St. Sylvanus, confessor.
At Laon in France, St. Salaberga, abbess.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-September 23rd
Roman Martyrology-September 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Linus, pope and martyr, who governed the Roman Church next after the blessed apostle Peter. He was crowned with martyrdom and was buried on the Vatican Hill beside the same apostle.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, St. Thecla, virgin and martyr, who was brought to the faith by the apostle St. Paul. Under Emperor Nero, she was victorious over the flames and the beasts to which she was exposed for the faith of Christ. After many combats endured for the instruction of others, she went to Seleucia, where she ended her days in peace. Her memory has been eulogized by the holy Fathers.
In Spain, the holy women Xantippa and Polyxena, who were disciples of the apostles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Andrew, John, Peter and Anthony.
At Ancona, St. Constantius, sacristan of the church, renowned for the gift of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, deacon of the church of Miseno. The holy bishop Januarius, upon seeing a flame arise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold that he would be a martyr. Not many days after, when he was thirty years of age, he and the holy bishop suffered martyrdom by beheading.
At Scicy in the district of Coutances in France, the commemoration of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor, whose birthday is recalled on the 16th of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-September 24th
Roman Martyrology-September 24th- on this date in various years-
The feast of our Lady of Ransom, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives. The apparition of the same Blessed Virgin occurred on the 10th of August.
At Brescia, the death of St. Anathalo, bishop. He was a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, and succeeded him as bishop of the Milanese church.
In Hungary, St. Gerard, bishop of Chzonad and martyr, patrician of Venice, called the apostle of the Hungarians. During a journey from the town of Chzonad to Alba Regalis he was attacked by the pagans near the river Danube, stoned by them, and then pierced with a lance. He was thus the first to adorn his native land with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the birthday of the holy martyrs Andochius, a priest, Thyrsus, a deacon, and Felix, who were sent from the East by blessed Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, to preach in France. There they were severely scourged, hanged by the hands for a whole day, and cast into the fire. Remaining uninjured, they had their necks broken with heavy bars, and thus won a most glorious crown.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Paphnutius and his companions. While leading a solitary life, St. Paphnutius heard that many Christians were kept in bonds. Moved by the spirit of God, he voluntarily offered himself to the prefect, and freely confessed the Christian faith. He was bound by him with iron chains, and for a long time tortured on the rack. Then, being sent with many others to Diocletian, by his order he was fastened to a palm tree, and the rest were struck with the sword.
At Chalcedon, under Emperor Diocletian, after the martyrdom of St. Euphemia, forty-nine holy martyrs who were condemned to be devoured by the beasts, but being miraculously delivered, were finally struck with the sword and went to heaven.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Beauvais, St. Geremarus, priest and abbot.
At San Severino in Piceno, the death of St. Pacificus, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis of the Reformed Observance. Illustrious for his great patience and his love of solitude, he was enrolled in the canon of the saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-September 25th
Roman Martyrology-September 25th- on this date in various years-
At Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, disciple of Christ. It is related that he was killed by the Jews for the confession of our Lord, and honourably buried in the same house in which he had entertained him.
At Amiens in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, blessed Firminus, bishop. Under the governor Rictiovarus, after many torments he suffered martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Rome, on the Claudian Way, under Emperor Antoninus, St. Herculanus, soldier and martyr, who was converted to Christ by the miracle wrought during the martyrdom of the blessed bishop Alexander. After enduring many torments he was put to the sword.
At Damascus, the holy martyrs Paul, his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinian, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugene. Accused of professing the Christian religion, they were scourged and tortured in other ways until they gave up their souls unto God.
In Asia, the holy martyrs Bardomian, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others.
At Lyons in France, the death of St. Lupus, at one time an anchoret, but later a bishop.
At Auxerre, St. Anacharius, bishop and confessor.
At Blois in France, St. Solemnius, bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, St. Principius, bishop of Soissons, brother of the blessed bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-September 26th
Roman Martyrology-September 26th- on this date in various years-
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cyprian and the virgin Justina. Under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Eutholmius, Justina suffered greatly for the faith of Christ, and thus converted Cyprian, who, while a magician, had endeavoured to bring her under the influence of his magical practices. She afterwards suffered martyrdom with him. Their bodies were exposed to the beasts, but were taken away in the night by some Christian sailors, and carried to Rome. They were subsequently taken into the Constantinian basilica, and buried near the baptistry.
At Rome, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyr Callistratus and forty-nine other soldiers who endured martyrdom together. The companions of Callistratus were converted to Christ upon seeing him miraculously delivered from drowning in the sea, although he had been sewn up in a bag and thrown in.
At Bologna, St. Eusebius, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Vigilius, bishop.
In the Tuscan plain, the blessed Abbot Nilus, founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, a man of eminent sanctity.
At Tiferno in Umbria, St. Amantius, a priest distinguished for the gift of miracles.
At Albano, St. Senator.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-September 27th
Roman Martyrology-September 27th- on this date in various years-
At Aegea, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers. After miraculously overcoming many torments from bonds, imprisonment, fire, crucifixion, stoning, arrows, and from being cast into the sea, they were beheaded. With them are said to have suffered three brothers: Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, the birthday of St. Vincent de Paul, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Sisters of Charity, an apostolic man and father to the poor. Pope Leo XIII appointed this saint as the heavenly patron before God of all charitable societies in the world which in any way whatever draw their origin from him. His feast is celebrated on the 19th of July.
At Byblos in Phoenicia, Bishop St. Mark, whom St. Luke calls John, and who was the son of that blessed Mary who is commemorated on the 29th of July.
At Milan, the holy bishop Caius, a disciple of the blessed apostle Barnabas, who passed calmly to rest after suffering severely in the persecution of Nero.
At Rome, St. Epicharis, wife of a senator, who was scourged with leaded whips and then struck with the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Todi in Umbria, under the same Diocletian, the holy martyrs Fidentius and Terence.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Adolph and John, brothers, who won the martyrs' crown in the Arabian persecution. Their sister, the blessed virgin Aurea, was inspired by their example to return to the faith and later bravely suffered martyrdom on the 19th of July.
At Sion in Switzerland, St. Florentius, martyr. After his tongue had been cut out, he was put to the sword with blessed Hilary.
At Ravenna, St. Aderitus, bishop and confessor.
At Paris, St. Eleazar, a count.
In Hainault, St. Hiltrude, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-September 28th
Roman Martyrology-September 28th- on this date in various years-
In Bohemia, St. Wenceslas, duke of Bohemia and martyr, renowned for holiness and miracles. Being murdered by the deceit of his brother, he went triumphantly to heaven.
At Rome, St. Privatus, martyr, who was cured of ulcers by blessed Pope Callistus. In the time of Emperor Alexander he was scourged to death with leaded whips for the faith of Christ.
In the same place, St. Stacteus, martyr.
In Africa, the Saints Martial, Lawrence, and twenty other martyrs.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the holy martyrs Mark, a shepherd, Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, his brothers; also Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who were converted to Christ upon seeing the miracles of blessed Mark, and were crowned with martyrdom in different places and in diverse manners.
On the same day, under Emperor Decius, the martyrdom of St. Maximus.
At Toulouse, St. Exuperius, bishop and confessor. St. Jerome gives a memorable testimony of this blessed man, relating how severe he was towards himself and how liberal towards others.
At Genoa, St. Solomon, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Silvinus, bishop.
At Bethlehem of Juda, the holy virgin Eustochium, daughter of blessed Paula, who was brought up at the manger of our Lord with other virgins, and being celebrated for her merits, went to our Lord.
At Fulda near Mayence, St. Lioba, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-September 29th
Roman Martyrology-September 29th- on this date in various years-
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
At Auxerre, St. Fraternus, bishop and martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Dadas, a blood relative of King Sapor, Casdoa, his wife, and Gabdelas, his son. After being deprived of their dignities, and subjected to various torments, they were imprisoned for a long time and finally put to the sword.
In Armenia, under King Tiridates, the holy virgin Ripsimis and her martyr companions.
In Persia, under King Sapor, the holy martyr Gudelia. After converting many to the faith, and having refused to adore the sun and the fire, she was subjected to numerous torments. Having the skin torn off her head, and being fastened to a post, she merited an eternal triumph.
At Pontecorvo near Aquino, St. Grimoaldus, priest and confessor.
In Palestine, St. Quiriacus, an anchoret.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-September 30th
Roman Martyrology-September 30th- on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the death of St. Jerome, priest and doctor of the Church. Excelling in all kinds of learning, he imitated the life of the most approved monks, and disposed of many monstrous heresies with the sword of his doctrine. Having at length reached a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried near the manger of our Lord. His body was afterwards transferred to Rome, and placed in the basilica of St. Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Francis Borgia, priest and confessor. He was the General of the Society of Jesus, and is memorable for his mortification, gift of prayer, the forsaking of the world, and the refusal of ecclesiastical dignities. His feast is observed on the 10th of October.
At Lisieux in France, the birthday of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. Seeing her to be most wonderful for her innocence of life and simplicity, Pope Pius XI placed her name among the holy virgins and appointed her as special patron before God of all missions, decreeing that her feast should be observed on the 3rd of October.
At Rome, the holy martyr Leopardus, of the household of Julian the Apostate. He was beheaded at Rome, and his body afterwards taken to Aix-la-Chapelle.
At Soleure in Switzerland, in the time of Emperor Maximian, the passion of the holy martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban legion. They were subjected to horrible tortures, but a heavenly light shone over them causing the executioners to fall to the ground, and they were delivered. Being then cast into the fire without sustaining any injury, they finally perished by the sword.
At Piacenza, the holy martyr Antoninus, a soldier of the same legion.
On the same day, St. Gregory, bishop of Greater Armenia, who, after many sufferings under Diocletian, rested in peace.
At Canterbury in England, St. Honorius, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Sophia, widow, mother of the holy virgin martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for September 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-October 1st
Roman Martyrology-October 1st- on this date in various years-
St. Remigius, bishop of Rheims and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 13th of January, but is commemorated on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas and five hundred and four other martyrs.
At Tournai in France, St. Piaton, priest and martyr, who went from Rome to France to preach, together with blessed Quinctinus and his companions. Afterwards, his martyrdom was completed in the persecution of Maximian and he passed from earth to heaven.
At Tomis in Pontus, the holy martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon in Portugal, the holy martyrs Verissimus, and his sisters Maxima and Julia, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, St. Domninus, martyr, under Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, St. Severus, priest and confessor.
At the port of Ghent, St. Bavo, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-October 2nd
Roman Martyrology-October 2nd- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the martyrdom of St. Modestus, a Sardinian, deacon and martyr, who was racked and burned with fire by Emperor Diocletian. His holy body was afterwards translated to Benevento and buried there in a church named after him.
In the vicinity of Arras, the martyrdom of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. After being subjected to various insults and torments for the truth, he was put to death by Ebroin, chief minister of Theodoric.
At Nicomedia, St. Eleutherius, soldier and martyr, with innumerable others. They were falsely accused of having set fire to the palace of Diocletian and, by order of this cruel emperor, were barbarously massacred in groups. Some were put to the sword, some consumed by fire, while others were cast into the sea. But the principal one, Eleutherius, after long tortures, being found stronger after each torment, completed his victorious martyrdom by fire, as well-tried gold.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, St. Gerinus, martyr, brother of blessed Leodegarius, bishop of Autun. He was stoned to death by the same Ebroin.
At Constantinople, St. Theophilus, a monk. He was cruelly scourged by Leo the Isaurian for his defense of holy images, was driven into exile, and there went gloriously to heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-October 3rd
Roman Martyrology-October 3rd- on this date in various years-
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special patroness of all missions. Her birthday is commemorated on the 30th day of September.
At Rome, near the place called Ursus Pileatus, St. Candidus, martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, two holy martyrs of the name of Ewald, priests who had been preaching in that country. They were seized by the pagans and put to death. During the night, a great light shone over the bodies for a long time, pointing out where they were and also how distinguished were their merits.
Also, the holy martyrs Denis, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others who had suffered greatly under Decius. In the time of Valerian, they were long subjected to torments by the governor Aemilian, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, St. Maximian, bishop of Bagaia. Again and again he suffered great cruelties from the Donatists, was finally cast headlong from a high tower, and left for dead. He was found by passers-by, and having been healed by their zealous care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith until he rested in the Lord, renowned for the glory of his witness to the faith.
At Leon in Spain, St. Froylan, bishop of that city, noted for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor and other virtues, and for his miracles.
In Belgium, in the diocese of Namur, St. Gerard, abbot.
In Palestine, St. Hesychius, confessor, disciple of St. Hilarion, and the companion of his travels.
At Savona in Liguria, St. Maria Giuseppe Rossello, foundress of the Daughters of our Lady of Mercy. Renowned for her charitable works, Pope Pius XII placed her among the number of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-October 4th
Roman Martyrology-October 4th- on this date in various years-
At Assisi in Umbria, the birthday of St. Francis, cleric and confessor, founder of three orders: the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, filled with holy deeds and miracles, were written by St. Bonaventure.
At Corinth, the birthday of the Saints Crispus and Caius, who are mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Corinthians.
At Athens, St. Hierotheus, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Damascus, St. Peter, bishop and martyr, who was accused before the king of the Agarenians of teaching the faith of Christ. His tongue, hands, and feet were cut off, and being fastened to a cross, his martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Alexandria, the holy priests and deacons Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their companions. Some of them were martyred in the persecution of Valerian; others, for serving the martyrs, received the reward of martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and an almost countless number of both sexes and of all ages, who merited the blessed crown of martyrdom, some after being scourged, others when they had suffered horrible torment, and others after being delivered to the flames. Some were cast into the sea, some others were beheaded; many were starved to death; many were fastened to gibbets; and others again were suspended by the feet with their heads downward.
At Bologna, St. Petronius, bishop and confessor, celebrated for learning, miracles, and sanctity.
At Paris, St. Aurea, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-October 5th
Roman Martyrology-October 5th- on this date in various years-
At Messina in Sicily, the birthday of the holy martyrs Placidus, a monk who was a disciple of the blessed Abbot Benedict, and of his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and the virgin Flavia, their sister; also of Donatus, Firmatus, a deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were murdered for the faith of Christ by the pirate Manuchas.
At Smyrna, the birthday of blessed Thraseas, bishop of Eumenia, who ended his career through martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the death of the saintly deacon Firmatus and the virgin Flaviana, his sister.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Palmatius and his companions, who suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
Also, under Emeperor Diocletian and the proconsul Domitius, St. Charitina, virgin. She was exposed to the fire and thrown into the sea, but escaping uninjured, her hands and feet were cut off and her teeth torn out, and finally she yielded up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, St. Marcellinus, bishop and confessor.
At Valence in France, St. Apollinaris, a bishop, renowned in life for virtues and in death for miracles and prodigies.
Also, St. Attilanus, bishop of Zamora, who was ranked among the saints by Pope Urban II.
At Rome, St. Galla, widow, daughter of the consul Symmachus. After the death of her husband, she remained for many years near the church of St. Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other pious works. Her most happy death has been described by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-October 6th
Roman Martyrology-October 6th- on this date in various years-
In the Monastery De Torre, in the diocese of Squillace in Calabria, St. Bruno, confessor, founder of the Order of the Carthusians.
At Laodicea, the blessed bishop and martyr Sagar, one of the first disciples of the apostle Paul.
At Auxerre, St. Romanus, bishop and martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Treves, the commemoration of innumerable martyrs, who were put death for the faith in various manners, under the governor Rictiovarus, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Agen in France, the birthday of St. Faith, virgin and martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius was aroused to martyrdom, and by martyrdom happily fulfilled his own trial.
Also, St. Erotis martyr, who, aflame with love for Christ, triumphed over the flames of fire.
At Oderzo, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Magnus, bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis. Because of her reputation for virtues and the working of miracles, she was placed among the holy virgins by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-October 7th
Roman Martyrology-October 7th- on this date in various years-
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the blessed Virgin Mary, and the commemoration of St. Mary of Victory, which Pope Pius V instituted to be kept yearly in memory of the great victory granted on this day in a naval battle to the Christians over the Turks, by the help of the Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the death of St. Mark, pope and confessor.
In the province of the Euphrates, the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Bacchus was scourged with rough sinews until his body was completely mangled, and breathed his last in the confession of Christ. Sergius had his feet forced into shoes full of sharp-pointed nails, but, remaining unshaken in the faith, he was sentenced to be beheaded. The place where he rests is called after him Sergiopolis, and, on account of the frequent miracles wrought there, is honoured by large gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Marcellus and Apulcius, who at first were followers of Simon Magus, but seeing the wonders which the Lord performed through the apostle Peter, they abandoned Simon and embraced the apostolic doctrine. After the death of the apostles, under the proconsul Aurelian, they won the crown of martyrdom and were buried near the city.
Also in the province of the Euphrates, St. Julia, virgin, who suffered martyrdom under the governor Marcian.
At Padua, St. Justina, virgin and martyr, who was baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of St. Peter. Because she remained firm in the faith of Christ, she was put to the sword by order of the governor Maximus, and thus went to God.
At Bourges, St. Augustus, priest and confessor.
In the diocese of Rheims, St. Helanus, priest.
In Sweden, the translation of the body of St. Bridget, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-October 8th
Roman Martyrology-October 8th- on this date in various years-
St. Bridget, widow, whose birthday is observed on the 23rd of July, and the translation of her holy body on the 7th of October.
Also, the birthday of blessed Simeon, an aged man, who as we read in the Gospel, took our Lord Jesus in his arms and prophesied concerning him when he was presented in the Temple.
At Laodicea in Phrygia, during the reign of Diocletian, St. Artemon, a priest, who gained the crown of martyrdom by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Demetrius, a proconsul. For having brought many to the faith of Christ he was pierced with spears by order of Emperor Maximian, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Nestor, martyr.
At Seville in Spain, St. Peter, martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the reign of Decius, St. Reparata, virgin and martyr. For refusing to sacrifice to idols, she was subjected to various kinds of torments and was finally struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to leave her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the country of Laon, St. Benedicta, virgin and martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatius and Laurentia, who were sent into exile during the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dion, and were overcome by the weight of toil and misery.
At Rouen, St. Evodius, bishop and confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Palagia, surnamed the Penitent.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter."
Martyrology-October 9th
Roman Martyrology-October 9th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. John Leonard, confessor, founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labours and miracles, and by whose zeal were begun missions for the propagation of the faith.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis the Areopagite, a bishop, Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon. Denis was baptized by the apostle St. Paul, and consecrated first bishop of Athens. Then going to Rome, he was sent to France by the blessed Roman Pontiff Clement to preach the Gospel. He proceeded to Paris, and after having for some years faithfully filled the office entrusted to him, he was subjected to the severest kinds of torments by the prefect Fescennius, and at length was beheaded with his companions, thus completing his martyrdom.
On the same day, the commemoration of the holy patriarch Abraham, father of all believers.
At Monte Cassino, St. Deusdedit, abbot, who was cast into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, and being there consumed with hunger and misery, yielded up his soul.
At Julia, in the region of Parma, on the Via Claudia, St. Domninus, martyr. Under the Emperor Maximian, in the rage of persecution, he was taken by the persecutors and died gloriously by being pierced with a sword.
In Hainault, St. Gislenus, bishop and confessor, who resigning his bishopric, led the monastic life in a monastery built by himself,and was distinguished by many virtues.
At Valencia in Spain, St. Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers. Being filled with the apostolic spirit, he confirmed by the innocency of his life and the working of many miracles the Gospel which he had preached in America.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, St. Publia, abbess. While Julian the Apostate was passing by, she and her religious sang these words of David: "The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold," and "Let them that make them be like unto them." By the command of the emperor, she was struck on the face and severely rebuked.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-October 10th
Roman Martyrology-October 10th- on this date in various years-
St. Francis Borgia, confessor, priest of the Society of Jesus, whose birthday is mentioned on the 30th of September.
At Ceuta in Morocco, the passion of seven holy martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor: Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, Ugolino, and Domnus, all of whom were priests except Domnus. Because they had preached the Gospel and put to silence the doctrines of Mohammed, they suffered insults, fetters, and scourgings from the Saracens in that place. They were at last beheaded and thus obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, in the persecution of Maximian, St. Gereon and three hundred and eighteen other martyrs who patiently bowed to the sword for the true religion.
In the neighbourhood of the same city, the holy martyrs Victor and his companions.
At Bonn in Germany, the holy martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Eulampius, and his sister, the virgin Eulampia. Upon hearing that her brother was tortured for Christ, she rushed through the crowd, embraced him, and became his companion. Both were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but being uninjured, their martyrdom was completed by beheading along with two hundred others, who, impressed by the miracle, had believed in Christ.
On the island of Crete, blessed Pinytus, most noble of bishops. He was bishop of Gnosia, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. He left in his writings, as in a mirror, a vivid picture of himself.
At York in England, the holy bishop Paulinus, disciple of the blessed pope Gregory. He was sent there by that pope along with others to preach the Gospel, and he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Piombino in Tuscany, St. Cerbonius, bishop and confessor. St. Gregory relates that he was renowned for miracles, both during life and after death.
At Verona, another St. Cerbonius, bishop.
At Capua, St. Paulinus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 10:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-October 11th
Roman Martyrology-October 11th- on this date in various years-
The Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaides and Philonilla, sisters, who were relatives of the blessed apostle Paul and his disciples in the faith.
In the neighbourhood of Vexin in France, in the time of the governor Fescenninus, the passion of the holy martyrs Nicasius, bishop of Rouen, the priest Quirinus, the deacon Scubiculus, and Pientia, a virgin.
At Besançon in France, St. Germanus, bishop and martyr.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Anastasius, a priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their companions.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, who endured a long and painful imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian. They were three times subjected to diverse punishments and tortures, and finally obtained a glorious triumph for the confession of Christ by having their heads struck off.
In Thebais, St. Sarmata, disciple of the blessed abbot Anthony, who was put to death for Christ by the Saracens.
At Uzea in France, St. Firmin, bishop and confessor.
At Calozzo, in the diocese of Asti, formerly that of Pavia, St. Alexander Sauli, bishop and confessor of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul. He was of noble birth and renowned for virtues, learning, and miracles. Pope Pius X placed him in the canon of the saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe in Ireland, St. Kenny, priest and abbot.
At Lier in Belgium, the death of St. Gummarus, confessor.
At Rennes in France, St. Emilian, confessor.
At Verona, St. Placidia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 11:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-October 12th
Roman Martyrology-October 12th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their companions.
In Africa, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six holy confessors and martyrs in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric. Some of them were bishops of the churches of God, some priests and deacons, and there was a multitude of the faithful who were driven into a frightful wilderness for the defence of the Catholic truth. Many of them were cruelly molested by the Moorish leaders, and with sharp-pointed spears and stones were forced to hasten their march; others, with their feet tied, were dragged like corpses through rough places and were mangled in all their limbs. At the end they were tortured in different manners and won the honours of martyrdom. The principal ones among them were the bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Laurentina, the birthday of St. Edistus, martyr.
In Lycia, under Emperor Diocletian, St. Domnina, martyr.
At Cilli in Austria, St. Maximilian, bishop of Lorsch.
At York in England, St. Wilfrid, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Monas, bishop. He was chosen as head of that church because a miraculous light from heaven surrounded him when they were deliberating on the choice of a bishop.
At Verona, St. Salvinus, bishop.
In Syria, St. Eustace, priest and confessor.
At Ascoli in Piceno, St. Seraphinus, confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished by his humility and holiness of life. He was enrolled among the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 12:
CHAPTER IX
How many Psalms are to be said at the Night Hours
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-October 13th
Roman Martyrology-October 13th- on this date in various years-
St. Edward, king of England and confessor, who died on the 5th day of January. He is specially honoured on this day because of the translation of his body.
At Troas in Asia Minor, the birthday of St. Carpus, a disciple of the blessed apostle Paul.
At Cordova in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martial. They were first tortured on the rack, their eyebrows were then shaven, their teeth torn out, their ears and noses cut off, and the martyrdom was completed by fire.
At Thessalonica, St. Florentius, a martyr, who, after enduring various torments, was burned alive.
At Stockerau in Austria, St. Colman, martyr.
At Antioch, St. Theophilus, the bishop who held the pontificate in that church, the sixth after the blessed apostle Peter.
At Tours in France, St. Venantius, abbot and confessor.
At Subiaco in Italy, St. Chelidonia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 13:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter till the calends of November let the whole psalmody, as explained above, be said, except that on account of the shortness of the nights, no lessons are read from the book; but instead of these three lessons, let one from the Old Testament be said from memory. Let a short responsory follow this, and let all the rest be performed as was said; namely, that never fewer than twelve psalms be said at the night office, exclusive of the third and the 94th psalm.
Martyrology-October 14th
Roman Martyrology-October 14th- on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of blessed Callistus I, pope and martyr. By order of Emperor Alexander, he was kept in prison for a long time without food, and was daily scourged with rods. He was finally hurled from a window of the house in which he had been shut up, and was cast into a well, and thus merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, St. Gaudentius, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of blessed Fortunata, who obtained the crown of martyrdom together, their throats being cut with the sword.
Also, the Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Fortunata, virgin and martyr, the sister of the martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian. After having been subjected to the rack, to fire, to the teeth of beasts, and other toments during the persecution of Diocletian, she gave up her soul to God. Her body was afterwards conveyed to Naples in Campania.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Fortunatus, bishop, who, as is mentioned by blessed Gregory, was endowed with an extraordinary gift for casting out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Burchard, first bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Belgium, St. Donatian, bishop of Rheims.
At Treves, St. Rusticus, bishop.
At Lyons in France, St. Justus, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary sanctity and endowed with the spirit of prophecy. He resigned his bishopric and retired into a desert in Egypt with his lector Viator. When he had for some years led an almost angelic life, and the end of his meritorious labours had come, he went to our Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body and the relics of his lector, blessed Viator, were afterwards taken to Lyons on the 2nd of September.
On the same day, the death of blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpiano in Italy, St. Bernard, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 14:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-October 15th
Roman Martyrology-October 15th- on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, the virgin St. Teresa, mother and mistress of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the Strict Observance.
At Cracow in Poland, St. Hedwig, duchess of Poland, who devoted herself to the service of the poor, and was renowned for miracles. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, St. Fortunatus, martyr.
In Prussia, St. Bruno, bishop of the Ruthenians and martyr. While preaching the Gospel in that region he was arrested by impious men, his hands and feet were cut off, and he was then beheaded.
At Cologne, the birthday of three hundred holy marytrs, who met their trials in the persecution of Maximian.
At Carthage, St. Agileus, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people concerning him.
At Lyons in France, St. Antiochus, bishop, who enetered the heavenly kingdom after having courageously fulfilled the duties of the high station to which he had been called.
At Treves, St. Severus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Aurelia, virgin.
In Germany, St. Thecla, abbess and virgin. She governed the convents of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, and departed to heaven filled with merits.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 15:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-October 16th
Roman Martyrology-October 16th- on this date in various years-
St. Hedwig, widow, duchess of Poland, who went to her rest in the Lord on the day previous.
In the monastery of Moutier-en-Der, in France, St. Bercharius, abbot and martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy martyrs, crowned together.
Likewise, the Saints Martinian and Saturnian, with their two brothers. While the persecution of the Vandals was raging in the reign of the Arian king Genseric, they were slaves to a man of that race. They were converted to the faith of Christ by Maxima, a slave like themselves, and they manifested their attachment to the truth with such courage that they were beaten with rough clubs and lacerated in all parts of their bodies to the very bones. Although this barbarous treatment was continued for a considerable period, their wounds were each time healed overnight. They were at length sent into exile where they converted many barbarians to the faith, and obtained from the Roman Pontiff a priest and other ministers to baptize them. Finally there were condemned to die by having their feet tied behind running chariots and being dragged through thorns. Maxima, after enduring many tribulations, was miraculously delivered and became the superior of a large monastery of virgins, where she ended her days in peace.
Also, the Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other martyrs.
At Cologne, under Julian the Apostate, the martyr St. Eliphius.
Near Bourges, St. Ambrose, bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, St. Lullus, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Florentinus, bishop.
At Arbon in Germany, St. Gall, abbot, a disciple of blessed Columban.
At Muro in Italy, St. Gerard Majella, confessor and professed lay brother of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Renowned for miracles, he was added to the list of the saints by Pope Pius X.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-October 17th
Roman Martyrology-October 17th- on this date in various years-
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. She made her profession in the Order of the Visitation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, and she excelled with great merit in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in furthering its public veneration. Pope Benedict XV added her name to the list of holy virgins.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Heron, a disciple of blessed Ignatius. Being made bishop after him, he religiously followed his master's footsteps, and, as a true lover of Christ, died for the flock entrusted to his keeping.
The same day, the martyrdom of the Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, St. Mamelta, martyr. He was converted from idolatry to the faith by the warning of an angel and was later stoned by heathens and cast into a deep lake.
At Orange in France, St. Florentinus, bishop, who died leaving a reputation for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 17:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-October 18th
Roman Martyrology-October 18th- on this date in various years-
In Bithynia, the birthday of St. Luke the Evangelist. He died, filled with the Holy Ghost, after having suffered much for the Name of Christ. His relics were translated to Constantinople, and thence taken to Pavia.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Paul of the Cross, priest, confessor, and founder of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Known for his remarkable innocency of life and his penitential spirit, and aflame with love for Christ crucified, he was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and the 28th of April was assigned as his feast day.
At Arenas in Spain, the birthday of St. Peter of Alcantara, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was canonized by Pope Clement IX because of his admirable penance and many miracles, and his feast is observed on the day following.
At Antioch, the bishop St. Asclepiades, who was one of the celebrated band of martyrs who suffered so gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the holy and learned Bishop Athenodorus, brother of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, who underwent martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Louvres, in the diocese of Beauvais, St. Justus, martyr, who, being but a boy, was put to death in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Rome, St. Tryphonia, at one time the wife of Caesar Decius, the mother of St. Cyrilla, virgin and martyr. She was buried in a crypt, near that of St. Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the state of New York, the birthday of the holy martyrs Isaac Jogues, priest of the Society of Jesus, and John de la Lande, a temporary helper to the same Society, who came from France to teach the faith. On this and the following day they were cruelly tortured and killed by the Iroquois in the same place where, a few years before, one of the companions, Renà Goupil, also a temporary assistant, had received the palm of martyrdom.
In Mesopotamia, in the neighbourhood of Edessa, the commemoration of St. Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who is mentioned also on the 17th of January.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 18:
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-October 19th
Roman Martyrology-October 19th- on this date in various years-
St. Peter of Alcantara, priest of the Order of Friars Minor and confessor, whose birthday was mentioned in the day previous to this.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Ptolemy and Lucius, in the time of Marcus Antoninus. The former, as we learn from the martyr Justin, converted a certain immodest woman to the faith of Christ and induced her to practice chastity. He was accused by an evil man before the prefect Urbicius and made to undergo a long imprisonment in a foul dungeon. At length, because he declared by a public confession that Christ was his master, he was led to execution. Lucius protested against the sentence of Urbicius, and freely proclaimed himself to be a Christian, whereby he received the same sentence. To them was added still a third martyr, who was condemned to suffer a like punishment.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Beronicus, the virgin Pelagia, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, St. Varus, a soldier, who, under Emperor Maximian, visited and comforted seven holy monks who were kept in prison. When one of them died he wished to be accepted in his place, and after suffering most cruel torments with them he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux in France, St. Aquilinus, bishop and confessor.
In the diocese of Orleans, the death of St. Veranus, bishop.
At Salerno, St. Eusterius, bishop.
In Ireland, in the monastery of the Forest of Kildare, St. Ethbin, abbot.
At Oxford in England, St. Frideswide, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 19:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-October 20th
Roman Martyrology-October 20th-on this date in various years-
St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 24th of December.
At Abia, near Aquila in Abruzzo, the birthday of blessed Maximus, deacon and martyr. Because of his desire to suffer he shewed himself to the persecutors of his own accord. After answering with great constancy, he was racked and tortured, then beaten with rods, and he finally died by being cast headlong from a high place.
At Agen in France, St. Caprasius, martyr. He was hiding in a cavern to avoid the violence of the persecution when the report of the blessed virgin Faith's courage in suffering for Christ roused him to endure the torments. He prayed to God that, if he were deemed worthy of the glory of martyrdom, clear water might flow from the rock of his cave. God granted his prayer, and he went with confidence to the scene of the trial, where, after a valiant struggle, he merited the palm of martyrdom under Maximian.
At Antioch, St. Artemius, an imperial officer who had filled high positions in the army under Constantine the Great. Julian the Apostate, however, whom he rebuked for his cruelty towards Christians, ordered him to be beaten with rods, subjected to other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, a monk who had often been scourged by Constantine Copronymus for his veneration of holy images. After one of his feet had been cut off he rendered up his soul.
At Cologne, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
In Portugal, St. Irene, virgin and martyr. Her body was honourably buried in the town of Scalabris. Since that time the town has been named Santarem, which is derived from her name.
At Aussonce, in the diocese of Rheims, St. Sindulphus, priest and confessor.
At Minden in Germany, the translation of St. Felician, bishop of Foligno and martyr. From his holy relics a portion was placed in an urn and brought to Germany from the city of Foligno in Umbria, where he had died on the 24th of January.
At Paris, the translation of the holy martyrs George, a deacon, and Aurelius from Cordova, a city of Spain, where they had died with three companions on the 27th of July.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 20:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-October 21st
Roman Martyrology-October 21st-on this date in various years-
In Cyprus, the birthday of the holy abbot Hilarion. His life, full of virtues and miracles, was written by St. Jerome.
At Cologne, the birthday of St. Ursula and her companions, who gained the martyr's crown by being slain by the Huns for the Christian religion and their constancy in keeping their virginity. Many of their bodies are buried in Cologne.
At Ostia, St. Asterius, priest and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Alexander, as we read in the Acts of blessed Pope Callistus.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus,Caius, and twelve other soldiers, who, after suffering various torments, were drowned in the sea.
At Lyons in France, St. Viator, deacon of blessed Justus, bishop of that city.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, St. Malchus, a monk.
At Laon, St. Cilinia, mother of blessed Remigius, bishop of Rheims.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 21:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-October 22nd
Roman Martyrology-October 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Mary Salome, the mother of the apostles James and John, who is referred to in the Gospel as having cared for the burial of our Lord.
At Jerusalem, blessed Bishop Mark, a noble and learned man, who was the first Gentile to govern the Church of Jerusalem. His brief episcopate was rewarded by the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Adrianople in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Philip, a bishop, Severus, a priest, Eusebius, and Hermes. After being imprisoned and scourged, they were burned alive in the time of Julian the Apostate.
Also, the holy martyrs Alexander, a bishop, Heraclius, a soldier, and their companions.
At Fermo in Piceno, the birthday of St. Philip, bishop and martyr.
At Cologne, St. Cordula, who was one of the companions of St. Ursula. Being terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, she hid herself, but repenting her deed, on the next day she declared herself to the Huns of her own accord, and thus was the last of them all to receive the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca in Spain, the holy virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who endured martyrdom by being condemned to capital punishment by the Saracens for the confession of the faith.
At Hieropolis in Phrygia, St. Abercius, bishop, who flourished under Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, St. Melanius, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Stephen and sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, St. Donatus of Scotland, bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, St. Verecundius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 23rd
Roman Martyrology-October 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Vilak in Hungary, the birthday of St. John Capistran, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, illustrious for the sanctity of his life and his zeal for the propagation of the Catholic faith. By his prayers and miracles, he routed a powerful army of Turks, and forced them to quit the siege of Tornau. His feastday, however, is celebrated on the 28th of March.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy priest Theodore, who was arrested in the persecution of the impious Julian. After the torment of the rack and many severe tortures, including the burning of his sides with torches, he persisted in the confession of Christ, and so his martyrdom was completed by death with the sword.
At Osuma, near Cadiz in Spain, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the subgovernor Viator, the holy martyrs Servandus and Germanus. They were subjected to scourging, imprisonment in a foul dungeon, want of food and drink, and the fatigue of a long journey while loaded with fetters, and at length reached the end of their martyrdom by having their heads stricken off. Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, St. Ignatius, bishop, who rebuked Bardas Caesar for putting away his wife, for which he was subjected to many insults and driven into banishment. He was, however, restored to his See by the Roman Pontiff Nicholas, and there died in peace.
At Bordeaux, St. Severin, bishop of Cologne and confessor.
At Rouen, Bishop St. Romanus.
At Salerno, Bishop St. Verus.
In the district of Amiens, St. Domitius, a priest.
In the country of Poitiers, St. Benedict, confessor.
At Mantua, blessed John the Good, of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, whose celebrated life was written by St. Antoninus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-October 24th
Roman Martyrology-October 24th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefits to mankind are set forth in the holy book of Tobias.
At Venosa in Apulia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, an African bishop, Audactus and Januarius, priests, and the lectors Fortunatus and Septimus. In the time of Diocletian, under the governor Magdellian, they were loaded with fetters and imprisoned for a long time in Africa and Sicily. Because Felix refused to deliver the sacred books, they were at last slain with the sword
At Tongres in Belgium, St. Evergislus, bishop of Cologne and martyr. Because of his duties in the pastoral office he journeyed there, and on the way stopped to pray alone at the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary where he was killed by robbers who struck him with an arrow.
In the city of Nagran in Arabia Felix, the passion of St. Aretas and his companions, to the number of three hundred and forty, in the time of Emperor Justin, under the Jewish tyrant Dunaan. After them, a Christian woman was burned alive, whose five-year-old son confessed Christ in a lisping voice and could not be prevented by caresses or threats from rushing into the fire in which his mother was burning
At Constantinople, St. Proclus, bishop.
On the island of Jersey, St. Maglorius, bishop, who laid down the Episcopal office after exercising it for three years towards a few scattered people in Brittany. He built a monastery on that island, and there spent the remainder of his life in holy conversation. His body was later translated to Paris.
In the monastery of Fontfroide in the diocese of Carcassonne in France, St. Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archibishop of Cuba, and founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was renowned for his meekness and zeal for souls, and was canonized by the Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII.
In the monastery of Durin in France, St. Martin, abbot and deacon. His body was translated to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, St. Mark, a solitary, whose noble accomplishments have been recorded by St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-October 25th
Roman Martyrology-October 25th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria. After many sufferings endured for Christ under the prefect Celerinus, they were ordered by Emperor Numerian to be thrown into a sandpit on the Salarian Way, where, being still alive, were covered with earth and stones.
Also, the birthday of St. Marcellinus, pope and martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ in the reign of Maximian along with Claudius Cyrinus and Antoninus. So great was the persecution then that seventeen thousand Christians received the crown of martyrdom in the space of one month. The feast of St. Marcellinus is celebrated with that of St. Cletus, pope and martyr, on the 26th of April.
At Perigueux in France, St. Fronto, who was made bishop by the blessed apostle Peter. Along with a priest named George, he converted to Christ a large number of people of that place, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-six holy soldiers, who were baptized at the same time by Pope Denis, and soon after beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius. They were buried on the Salarian Way with one hundred and twenty-one other martyrs. Among them are named four soldiers of Christ: Theodosius, Lucius, Mark, and Peter.
At Sassari in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Protus, a priest, and Januarius, a deacon, who were sent to that island Pope St. Caius, and were martyred in the time of Diocletian under the governor Barbarus.
At Constantinople, the martyrdom of the Saints Martyrius, subdeacon, and Marcian, a cantor, who were slain by the heretics during the reign of Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons in France, in the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans. Under Governor Rictiovarus, after horrible torments, they were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom. Their bodies were afterwards conveyed to Rome and entombed with due honours in the church of St. Lawrence in Panisperna.
At Florence, St. Minias, a soldier, who fought valorously for the faith of Christ and was gloriously crowned with martyrdom during the reign of Decius.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Gaudentius, bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javoux in France, St. Hilary, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 25:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-October 26th
Roman Martyrology-October 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, who enriched the Church of God with his blood under Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Felicissimus and the priest Rogatian, who received the bright crown of martyrs in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus. They are mentioned by St. Cyprian in his Epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their companions.
At Narbonne, St. Rusticus, bishop and confessor, who flourished in the reigns of Emperors Leo and Valentian.
At Salerno, St. Gaudiosus, bishop.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Fulk.
Also St. Quadragesimus, subdeacon, who raised a dead man to life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 26:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Discipline of saying the Divine Office
We believe that the Divine presence is everywhere, and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil in every place. Especially should we believe this, without any doubt, when we are assisting at the Work of God. Let us, then, ever remember what the prophet saith: "Serve the Lord in fear"; and again, "Sing ye wisely" and, "In the sight of the angels I will sing praises unto Thee." Therefore let us consider how we ought to behave ourselves in the presence of God and of His angels, and so assist at the Divine Office, that our mind and our voice may accord together.
Martyrology-October 27th
Roman Martyrology-October 27th-on this date in various years-
At Avila in Spain, under the governor Dacian, the Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. They were first stretched on the rack in such a manner that all their limbs were dislocated; then stones being laid on their heads, and their brains beaten out with heavy bars, their martyrdom was fulfilled.
At Tilchatel in France, St. Florentius, martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Capitolina, and Erotheides, her handmaid, who suffered under Diocletian.
In India, St. Frumentius, bishop. While he was a captive there he was consecrated bishop by St. Athanasius, and propagated the Gospel in that country.
At Naples, St. Gaudiosus, an African bishop who came to Campania because of the Vandal persecution, and died a holy death in a monastery in that city.
In Ethiopia, in the time of Emperor Justin, St. Elesbaan, king. After having defeated the enemies of Christ and sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, he led a monastic life, as he had vowed, and went to his reward.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 27:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-October 28th
Roman Martyrology-October 28th-on this date in various years-
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed apostles Simon the Canaanite and Thaddeus, who is also called Jude. Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, Thaddeus in Mesopotamia. Afterwards, entering Persia together, they converted to Christ a numberless multitude of the inhabitants, then underwent martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Cyril and Anastasia the Elder, virgin. In the persecution of Valerian, under the prefect Probus, Anastasia was bound with chains, buffeted, subjected to fire and scourging, and, as she remained immovable in the confession of Christ, her breasts were cut away, her nails plucked out, her teeth broken, and her hands, feet, and head severed from her body. Adorned with her sufferings as with so many jewels, she went to her Spouse. At her request, Cyril gave her some water to drink, and for his reward became a martyr.
In the same city, during the reign of Claudius, St. Cyrilla, virgin, daughter of St. Tryphonia, who was pierced through the throat for the faith of Christ.
At Como, under Emperor Maximian, St. Fidelis, martyr.
At Mainz, St. Ferrutius, martyr.
At Meaux, in France, St. Faro, bishop and confessor.
At Vercelli, St. Honoratus, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 28:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-October 29th
Roman Martyrology-October 29th-on this date in various years-
For 2023 The Feast of our Lord Jesus Christ the King.
The holy bishop Maximian, martyr, and Valentine, confessor.
At Sidon in Phoenicia, St. Zenobius, a priest. When the last persecution was raging, by exhorting others to martyrdom, he himself was deemed worthy of it.
In Lucania, the holy martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, St. Eusebia, virgin and martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of blessed Narcissus, a bishop distinguished for holiness, patience, and faith, who went to the kingdom of God at the age of one hundred and sixteen years.
At Autun, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Cassiope, in the island of Corfu, Bishop St. Donatus, mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
At Vienne in France, the death of blessed Theodore, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 29:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-October 30th
Roman Martyrology-October 30th-on this date in various years-
In Sardinia, the birthday of St. Pontian, pope and martyr. In the company of the priest Hippolytus, he was exiled by Emperor Alexander, and achieved martyrdom by being scourged. His body was brought to Rome by blessed Pope Fabian and buried in the cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 19th of November.
At Aegea in Cilicia, in the reign of Diocletian, under the governor Lysias, the martyrdom of Saints Zenobius, bishop, and his sister Zenobia.
At Altino, in the neighbourhood of Venice, St. Theonestus, bishop and martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Marcellus, a centurion, the father of Saints Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius. He achieved martyrdom by beheading under Agricola, deputy praetor for Praefectus.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, thirteen holy martyrs who suffered with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Saturninus, martyr, who was beheaded under the governor Barbarus, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Apamea in Phrygia, St. Maximus, martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon in Spain, the holy martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, the sons of St. Marcellus the centurion. They were condemned to be beheaded by Diogenian, the governor, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian.
At Paris, St. Lucanus, martyr.
At Alexandria, the martyr St. Eutropia, who was arrested while visiting the martyrs, and rendered up her soul after being cruelly tortured with them.
At Antioch, St. Serapion, a bishop very celebrated for his learning.
At Capua, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, whose soul, at the very hour of death, was seen by St. Benedict taken to heaven by angels.
At Potenza in Lucania, St. Gerard, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 30:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-October 31st
Roman Martyrology-October 31st-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, the Saints Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, who are mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans. They were put to death by the Jews and Gentiles for the Gospel of Christ.
At Constantinople, St. Stachis, bishop who was consecrated first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Andrew.
At Saint Quentin in France, the martyr St. Quentin, a Roman citizen and senator, who suffered under Emperor Maximian. By the revelation of an angel, his body was found incorrupt after a lapse of fifty-five years.
At Milan, St. Antoninus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Wolfgang, bishop.
At Palma, in the island of Majorca, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a lay brother of the Society of Jesus, whom Leo XIII canonized because of his remarkable humility and constant love of mortification.
At Rome, the translation of blessed Nemesius, deacon, and his daughter, the virgin Lucilla, who were beheaded on the 25th of August.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for October 31:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-November 1st
Roman Martyrology-November 1st-on this date in various years-
The Festival of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, after the dedication of the Pantheon, ordained to be kept generally and solemnly every year on the 13th of May, in the city of Rome, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy martyrs. It was afterwards decreed by Gregory IV that this feast, which was then celebrated in many dioceses, but at different times, should be on this day kept by the whole Church in honour of all the saints.
In Persia, the holy martyrs John, a bishop, and James, a priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of St. Caesarius, deacon, who was detained many days in prison, afterwards put into a sack with the priest St. Julian, and then thrown into the sea.
At Dijon, St. Benignus, a priest, who was sent to France by blessed Polycarp to preach the Gospel. After he had been subjected to many grievous torments by the judge Terentius, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, he was finally condemned to have his neck struck with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the martyrdom of the Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, St. Mary, a servant girl. Being accused of professing the Christian religion in the time of Emperor Hadrian, she was subjected to cruel scourging, to torture on the rack, and the lacerating of her body with iron hooks, and thus completed her martyrdom
At Tarsus in Cilicia, under Emperor Maximian, the Saints Cyrenia and Juliana.
At Auvergne in France, St. Austremonius, first bishop of Clermont.
At Paris, the death of St. Marcellus, bishop.
At Bayeux, in the reign of the Frankish king Childebert, St. Vigor, bishop.
At Angers in France, the death of the aged holy man, St. Licinius, bishop.
At Tivoli, St. Severinus, monk.
In Gatinais in France, St. Mathurin, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 1:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-November 2nd
Roman Martyrology-November 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed.
At Pettau in Styria, the birthday of St. Victorinus, bishop of that city, who, after publishing many writings, as is attested to by St. Jerome, was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, blessed Justus, who fulfilled his martyrdom in the same persecution under the governor Manatius.
At Sebaste in Armenia, the Saints Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their companions, martyrs under Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpiderphorus, and Anempodistus, with many companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, in the reign of Julian the Apostate, St. Eustochium, virgin and martyr, who breathed her last in prayer in the midst of severe torments.
At Laodicea in Syria, St. Theodotus, a bishop powerful in words and adorned with good works and virtues.
At Vienne in France, the bishop St. George.
In the monastery of St. Moritz in Switzerland, St. Ambrose, abbot.
At Cyrus in Syria, St. Marcian, confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 2:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-November 3rd
Roman Martyrology-November 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Milan, St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of that city, and confessor, who was ranked among the saints by Paul V for the holiness of his life and for his renown for miracles. His feast is observed on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday of St. Quartus, a disciple of the apostles.
At Viterbo, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Valentine, a priest, and Hilary, a deacon. For their attachment to the faith of Christ, they were tied to a stone and cast into the Tiber, but being miraculously delivered by an angel, they were beheaded, and thus crowned with the glory of martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who nobly endured martyrdom in the Decian persecution.
At Saragossa in Spain, the countless holy martyrs who lay down their lives with admirable fervour for the faith of Christ under Dacian, governor of Spain.
In England, St. Winifred, virgin and martyr.
In the monastery of Clairvaux in France, the death of St. Malachy, bishop of Armagh in Ireland, who won renown in his own days for his many virtues, and whose life was written by Abbot St. Bernard.
On the same day, St. Hubert, bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne in France, St. Domnus, bishop and confessor.
Also, the death of St. Pirmin, bishop of Meaux.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Hermengaud.
At Rome, St. Sylvia, mother of Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 3:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-November 4th
Roman Martyrology-November 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Charles Borromeo, cardinal, bishop of Milan, and confessor, whose birthday is on the day previous.
At Bologna, the holy martyrs Vitalis and Agricola. The former was first the servant of the latter, and afterwards his partner and companion in martyrdom. He was subjected by the persecutors to all kinds of torments, so that there was no part of his body without wounds. After having suffered with constancy, he yielded up his soul unto God in prayer. Agricola was put to death by being fastened to a cross with many nails. St. Ambrose relates that being present at the translation, he took the martyr's nails, his glorious blood, and the wood of his cross, and deposited them under consecrated altars.
In the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, whose feast is celebrated on the 20th of November by order of Pope Innocent XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the apostle St. Paul.
At Autun, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
At Myra in Lycia, under the governor Libanius, the holy martyrs Nicander, a bishop, and Hermes, a priest.
In the district of Vexin in France, St. Clarus, priest and martyr.
At Ephesus, St. Porphyrias, a martyr under Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez in France, blessed Bishop Amantius, whose life stood out glorious by his sanctity and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Pierius, priest of Alexandria, who was well versed in the Holy Scriptures, most pure in his life, and highly skilled in Christian philosophy. He taught the people and became famous under Emperors Carus and Diocletian, when Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria. After the persecution, he spent the remainder of his life at Rome, where he died in peace.
In Bithynia, St. Joannicius, abbot.
In Hungary at Alba Regalis, the death of blessed Emeric, confessor, the son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary.
At Treves, St. Modesta, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 4:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-November 5th
Roman Martyrology-November 5th-on this date in various years-
St. Zachary, priest and prophet, the father of blessed John Baptist, Forerunner of our Lord.
Also, St. Elizabeth, mother of the same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina in Campania, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felix, a priest, and Eusebius, a monk. The latter buried the holy martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converted to the faith of Christ many whom the priest St. Felix baptized. They were arrested together, and both were led to the tribunal of the judge, who could not succeed in intimidating them; they were shut up in prison, and as they refused to offer sacrifice, were beheaded that same night.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, during the persecution of Decius, the holy martyrs Galation and his wife Epistemis, who were scourged, had their hands, feet, and tongue mutilated, and finally fulfilled their martyrdom by beheading.
Also, the holy martyrs Dominus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their companions, under Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, St. Magnus, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Dominator, bishop.
At Treves, St. Fibitius, first an abbot and then bishop of that city.
At Orleans in France, St. Laetus, priest and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 5:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-November 6th
Roman Martyrology-November 6th-on this date in various years-
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Severus, bishop and martyr, who had his head pierced with a spike, and thus received the crown of martyrdom for the sake of the Catholic faith.
At Tunis in Africa, the birthday of St. Felix, martyr, who, having confessed Christ, was sent to prison. His sentence had been deferred, but the next day he was found dead, as is related by St. Augustine when he was expounding on a psalm to the people on the feast of the saint.
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy martyrs who are said to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, St. Atticus, martyr.
At Berg in Flanders, the death of St. Winoc, abbot, who was renowned for virtues and miracles, and for a long time was servant to the brethren subject to him.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Felix, monk.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Leonard, confessor, disciple of the blessed bishop Remigius, who was born of a noble family but chose to lead a solitary life. He was celebrated for holiness and miracles, but his virtue shone particularly in the deliverance of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 6:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-November 7th
Roman Martyrology-November 7th-on this date in various years-
At Padua, the death of St. Prosdocimus, consecrated as first bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter. He was sent to that city to preach the word of God and there he died a holy death, celebrated for many virtues and miracles.
At Perugia, St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr.
At Schwelm in Germany, the martyrdom of St. Engelbert, bishop of Cologne. He was on his way from that city to the town of Essen in order to consecrate a church, when he was set upon by ruffians on the road and slain by their many blows. Thus he suffered martyrdom in defence of Church liberty and for obedience to the Roman Church.
The same day, St. Amaranthus, martyr. After successfully fulfilling the course of his trials he was buried in the city of Albi, but lives in eternal glory.
At Melitina in Armenia, the martyrdom of the Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis in Macedonia, the holy martyrs Auctus, Taurio, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyrdom of Saints Melasippus, Anthony and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, the blessed Achilles, bishop, renowned for his learning, faith, and purity of life.
In Friesland, the death of St. Willibrord, bishop of Utrecht, who was consecrated bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, and preached the Gospel in Friesland and Denmark.
At Metz, St. Rufus, bishop and confessor.
At Strasbourg, St. Florentius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 7:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-November 8th
Roman Martyrology-November 8th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, three miles from the city, the martyrdom of the Saints Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius. They were first sent to prison, then scourged with whips set with metal, but since they could not be made to forsake the faith of Christ, Diocletian ordered them to be thrown into the river.
Also, on the Lavican Way, the birthday of the saintly brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, called the Four Crowned, who were scourged to death with leaded whips, during the reign of the same emperor. Because their names, known some years afterwards by revelation, could not then be ascertained, it was ordered that their anniversary should be commemorated with the preceding five, under the name of the Four Saints Crowned. This custom was retained by the Church, even after their names had been revealed.
Also at Rome, St. Deusdedit, pope, whose merit was so great that he cured a leper by kissing him.
In the village of Plexem, on the Weser River in Germany, St. Willehad, first bishop of Bremen, who, together with St. Boniface, whose disciple he was, spread the Gospel in Friesland and Saxony.
At Soissons in France, St. Godfrey, bishop of Amiens, a man of great sanctity.
At Verdun in France, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
At Tours in France, St. Clarus, a priest whose epitaph was written by St. Paulinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 8
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: ?A good word is above the best gift.? Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who ?shall scandalise one of these little ones? namely, ?that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea.? If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-November 9th
Roman Martyrology-November 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Saviour, which is the Mother and Head of all churches in the city and the world.
At Amasea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Theodore, a soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. For the confession of Christ he was severely scourged and sent to prison, where he was comforted by an apparition of our Lord, who exhorted him to act with courage and constancy. He was finally stretched on the rack, lacerated with iron hooks until his bowels were laid bare, then cast into the flames to be burned alive. His glorious deeds have been celebrated in a eulogy by Gregory of Nyssa.
At Tyana in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Orestes under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, under Emperor Maximian, St. Alexander, martyr.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Ursinus, confessor, who was ordained at Rome by the successors of the apostles and appointed first bishop of that city.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agrippinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy virgins Eustolia, a Roman maiden, and Sopatra, the daughter of Emperor Maurice
At Berytus in Syria, the Commemoration of the Image of our Saviour, which, being fastnened to a cross by the Jews, poured out blood so plentifully that the Eastern and Western Churches received abundantly of it.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 9:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-November 10th
Roman Martyrology-November 10th-on this date in various years-
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of St. Andrew Avellini, Cleric Regular and confessor, celebrated for his sanctity, his zeal in procuring the salvation of souls, and renowned for his miracles. He was inscribed on the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Clement XI.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy martyrs Trypho and Respicius, and the virgin Nympha.
At Rome, Pope St. Leo I, confessor and doctor of the Church, surnamed the Great because of his extraordinary merits. During his pontificate the holy Council of Chalcedon was held which condemned Eutyches thruogh his legates, and whose decrees were afterwards given the seal of his authority. After meriting the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ by the many decrees which he issued, and by the many excellent works which he wrote, this good and zealous shepherd rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the 11th of April.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphenna and Tryphosa, who profited by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla to make great progress in Christian perfection.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius, bishop, Anian, deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other martyrs.
In the diocese of Agde in France, the holy martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florence, who were subjected to diverse torments and fulfilled their martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Probus, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Orleans in France, St. Monitor, bishop and confessor.
In England, St. Justus, bishop, who was sent by Pope Gregory with Augustine, Mellitus, and others to preach the Gospel in that country. There he went to repose in the Lord, celebrated for his sanctity.
In the town of Melun in France, St. Leo, confessor.
In the island of Paros, St. Theoctistis, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 10:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-November 11th
Roman Martyrology-November 11th-on this date in various years-
At Tours in France, the birthday of blessed Martin, bishop and confessor, whose life was so renowned for miracles that he received the power to raise three persons from the dead.
At Cotyaeum in Phrygia, during the persecution of Diocletian, the celebrated martyrdom of St. Mennas, an Egyptian soldier, who cast off the military belt and obtained the grace of serving the King of heaven secretly in the desert. Afterwards, coming out publicly and freely declaring himself a Christian, he was first subjected to severe torments; and finally kneeling in prayer, giving thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ, he was slain with the sword. After his death he became renowned for many miracles.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned during the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, St. Athenodorus, martyr, who was subjected to fire and other torments under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius. He was at length sentenced to be beheaded, but when the executioner fell to the ground and no other person would dare to strike him with the sword, he passed to his repose in the Lord while praying.
At Lyons in France, St. Veranus, bishop, whose life was illustrious for his faith and his other virtues.
At Constantinople, St. Theodore, abbot of Studium, who fought valiantly for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, and became famed throughout the universal Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tuscan plain, the holy abbot Bartholomew, a companion of blessed Nilus, whose life he wrote.
In the province of Abruzzi, blessed Mennas, a solitary whose virtues and miracles are mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 11:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-November 12th
Roman Martyrology-November 12th-on this date in various years-
The Feast of St. Martin I, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 16th day of September.
At Witebsk in Poland, the martyrdom of St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, a Polish archbishop and martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics through hatred of Catholic unity and truth. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and his feast is observed on the 16th of November.
At Alcala in Spain, the birthday of St. Didacus, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor well known for his humility. Pope Sixtus V included him in the catalogue of the saints and his feast is celebrated on the day following.
In Asia, the martyrdom of the holy bishops Aurelius and Publius.
At Eschen in Belgium, St. Livinus, bishop and martyr. After converting many to the faith he was slain by heathens. His body, however, was afterwards translated to Ghent.
At Gnesen in Poland, the holy hermits and martyrs Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian. They were savagely attacked by robbers and slain by the sword while there were at prayer.
In the neighbourhood of Sens, St. Paternus, monk and martyr. He had met some robbers in a nearby forest, and for attempting to persuade them to amend their lives, they slew him.
At Avignon, St. Rufus, the first bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the death of St. Cunibert, bishop.
At Tarazona in Aragon, blessed Emilian, a priest favoured with many miracles. His admirable life was recorded by St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa.
At Constantinople, St. Nilus, abbot, who resigned as prefect of the city to become a monk, and during the reign of Theodosius the Younger became distinguished for his learning and sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 12:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-November 13th
Roman Martyrology-November 13th-on this date in various years-
St. Didacus, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, whose birthday occurred on the preceding day.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy martyrs Valentine, Salutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, the renowned martyr, blessed Mitrius.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the martyrdom of the Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and the virgin Ennatha. Under Galerius Maximian, Ennatha was scourged and burned alive, while the others, for boldly reproaching the governor Firmilian for his idolatry in sacrificing to the gods, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, Spaniards who absolutely refused to yield to the Arian perfidy, during the persecution of the Vandals. Accordingly, they were condemned by the Arian king Genseric, driven into exile, and finally, after being subjected to fearful tortures, were put to death in divers manners. At that time there was also seen the constancy of the small boy Paulillus, brother of the Saints Paschasius and Eutychian. Because he could not be turned from the Catholic faith, he was long beaten with rods and sentenced to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Pope St. Nicholas, distinguished for the apostolic spirit.
At Tours in France, St. Brice, bishop, a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo in Spain, St. Eugene, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Quinctian, bishop.
At Cremona, in the duchy of Milan, St. Homobonus, confessor, renowned for miracles, whom Innocent III placed among the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen(cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-November 14th
Roman Martyrology-November 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, archbishop and martyr of Poland, whose birthday was observed on the 12th of November.
At Gangra in Paphlagonia, St. Hypatius, bishop, who on his way home from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones by the Novatian heretics, and died a martyr.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the birthday of the holy martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, St. Serapion, martyr, whom the persecutors under Emperor Decius subjected to torments so cruel that all his limbs were disjointed. He became a martyr of Christ by being hurled from the upper part of the house.
At Troyes in France, under Emperor Aurelian, St. Venerandus, martyr.
Also in France, the holy virgin Veneranda, who received the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades.
At Emesa in Phoenicia, the martyrdom of many holy women, who were barbarously tortured and massacred for the faith of Christ under Mady, a savage Arabian chief.
At Bologna, St. Jucundus, bishop and confessor.
At Eu in France, St. Laurence, bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers in Africa, blessed Serapion, of the Order of Our Blessed Lady of Ransom. For the redemption of the faithful in captivity and the preaching of the Christian faith, he was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom, being crucified and torn limb from limb.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 14:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-November 15th
Roman Martyrology-November 15th-on this date in various years-
At Cologne, St. Albert, surnamed the Great, bishop and confessor of the Order of Preachers, renowned for his holiness and learning. Pope Pius XI appointed him as Doctor of the universal Church, and Piius XII appointed him as heavenly patron of those studying the natural sciences.
Also, the birthday of St. Eugene, bishop of Toledo and martyr, disciple of blessed Denis the Areopagite. His martyrdom was completed near Paris, and he received from our Lord a crown for his blessed sufferings. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo in Spain.
At Nola in Campania, blessed Felix, bishop and martyr, who was renowned for miracles from his fifteenth year. He completed the combats of his martyrdom with thirty others, under the governor Marcian.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, the martyrdom of St. Abibus, deacon, who was torn with iron hooks and cast into the fire in the time of Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Archingeay, in the neighbourhood of Saintes, the birthday of St. Malo, bishop of Aleth, in France. He was born in England and from his earliest years was famed for his miracles.
At Verona, St. Luperius, bishop and confessor.
At Klosterneuburg, near Vienna in Austria, St. Leopold, margrave of that province of Austria. He was placed on the canon of the saints by Pope Innocent VIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 15:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-November 16th
Roman Martyrology-November 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Gertrude, virgin, whose birthday is on the 17th of November.
At Edinburgh in Scotland, the birthday of St. Margaret, queen of the Scots and widow, renowned for her love of the poor and her voluntary poverty. Her feast is celebrated on the 10th of June.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rufinus, Mark, Valerius, and their fellows.
The same day, the holy martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their companions. Elpidius, who was a senator, perseveringly confessed the Christian faith before Julian the Apostate, and, with his companions, was tied to wild horses and dragged by them, thus fulfilling a glorious martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, the birthday of St. Eucherius, bishop and confessor, a man of extraordinary faith and learning. He renounced the senatorial dignity to embrace the religious life, and for a long time voluntarily shut himself up in a cave, where he served Christ in prayer and fasting. Afterwards, through the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly installed in the episcopal chair of the city of Lyons.
At Padua, St. Fidentius, bishop.
At Canterbury in England, St. Edmund, archbishop and confessor, who was sent into exile for having maintained the rights of his church. He died a most holy death at Provins, a town near Sens, and was canonized by Innocent IV.
The same day, the death of St. Othmar, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 16:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-November 17th
Roman Martyrology-November 17th-on this date in various years-
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, the birthday of St. Gregory, bishop and confessor, illustrious for his learning and sanctity. The signs and miracles which he wrought to the great glory of the Church gained for him the surname Wonderworker.
At Hedelfs in Saxony, the birthday of St. Gertrude, virgin of the Order of St. Benedict, who was famous for her revelations. Her feast is observed on the preceding day.
In Palestine, in the first year of Diocletian's persecution, the holy martyrs Alpheus and Zachaeus, who underwent beheading after many tortures.
At Cordova in Spain, during the same persecution, the holy martyrs Acisclus and his sister Victoria, who were most cruelly tortured by order of the governor Dion, and thus merited to be crowned by our Lord for their glorious sufferings.
At Alexandria, St. Denis, bishop, a man of very great learning. In the time of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, renowned for often having confessed the faith, and illustrious for the various sufferings and torments he had endured, full of days he rested in peace a confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Anian, bishop, the value of whose death in the sight of the Lord is attested by frequent miracles.
In England, St. Hugh, bishop, who was called to rule the church of Lincoln. He ended his holy life in peace, renowned for many miracles.
At Tours in France, St. Gregory, bishop.
At Florence, St. Eugene, confessor, the deacon of blessed Zenobius, bishop of that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 17:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-November 18th
Roman Martyrology-November 18th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the dedication of the basilica of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The former, having been enlarged, was on this day solemnly consecrated by Urban VIII; while the latter, more beautifully rebuilt after its total destruction by fire, was solemnly dedicated on the 10th of December by Pius IX, though the feast in commemoration of that event was transferred to this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Romanus, martyr, in the time of Emperor Galerius. When the prefect Asclepiades attacked the Church and attempted to destroy it, Romanus exhorted the Christians to resist him. After being subjected to severe torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which, however, he spake the praises of God), he was strangled in prison and crowned with glorious martyrdom. Before him suffered a young boy named Barula, who being asked by him whether it was better to worship one God or several gods, and having answered that we must believe in the one God whom the Christians adore, was scourged and beheaded.
Also at Antioch, the holy martyr Hesychius, a soldier. Hearing the order that anyone refusing to sacrifice to idols should lay aside his military belt, he immediately took off his. For this reason he was cast into the river
with a large stone tied to his right hand.
On the same day, St. Oriculus and his companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, St. Maximus, bishop, who suffered greatly at the hands of the Arians, and died a confessor in the time of Constantius.
At Tours in France, the passing of blessed Odo, abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, St. Thomas, a monk honoured with an annual solemnity by the people of Antioch, for bringing the end of a plague by his prayers.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the translation of St. Frigidian, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 18:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-November 19th
Roman Martyrology-November 19th-on this date in various years-
At Marburg in Germany, the death of St. Elizabeth, widow, daugher of King Andrew of Hungary, and member of the Third Order of St. Francis. After a life spent in the performance of works of piety, she went to heaven, having a reputation for miracles.
St. Pontian, pope and martyr, whose birthday occurs on the 30th of October.
At Samaria in Palestine, the holy prophet Abdias.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of St. Maximus, priest and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and was buried near St. Sixtus.
At Ecijo in Spain, blessed Bishop Crispin, who obtained the glory of martyrdom by beheading.
St. Faustus, deacon of Alexandria, who had been banished with St. Denis in the persecution of Valerian; later, in the persecution of Diocletian, being advanced in age, his martyrdom was accomplished by the sword.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Barlaam, martyr, who, though unpolished and ignorant, was armed with the wisdom of Christ to overcome the tyrant, and by the constancy of his faith, subdue fire itself. On his birthday, St. Basil the Great delivered a celebrated sermon.
At Vienne in France, the holy martyrs Severinus, Exuperius and Felician. Their bodies, after the lapse of many years, were found through their own revelation, and being taken up with due honours by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, were buried with becoming solemnity.
In Isauria the martyrdom of St. Azas and his soldier companions, to the number of one hundred and fifty, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 19:
CHAPTER XLI
At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-November 20th
Roman Martyrology-November 20th-on this date in various years-
St. Felix of Valois, priest and confessor, who founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of November.
In Persia, the martyrdom of St. Nersas, bishop, and his companions.
At Messina in Sicily, the holy martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban Legion, who fought valiantly for the faith under Emperor Maximian and who were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Galerius Maximian, the holy martyr Agapius, who was condemned to be devoured by the beasts; but being unhurt by them, he was cast into the sea with stones tied to his feet.
At Silistria in Rumania, St. Dasius, bishop, who, for refusing to consent to the unholy rites of the Saturnalia, was put to death under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Eustace, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximinus.
At Heraclea in Thrace, the holy martyrs Bassus, Denis, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, St. Edmund, king and martyr.
At Constantinople, St. Gregory of Decapolis, who suffered many things for the veneration of sacred images.
At Milan, St. Benignus, bishop, who, amid great troubles caused by the barbarians, governed the Church entrusted to him with greatest constancy and piety.
At Chalons in France, St. Sylvester, bishop, who went to God in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues.
At Verona, St. Simplicius, bishop and confessor.
At Hildesheim in Saxony, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor, who was numbered among the saints by Pope Celestine III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 20:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-November 21st
Roman Martyrology-November 21st-on this date in various years-
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
Also, the birthday of blessed Rufus, mentioned by the apostle St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, St. Albert, bishop of Liege and martyr, who was put to death for defending the liberty of the Church.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, St. Heliodorus, martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian under the governor Aetius. After his death his executioners were converted to the faith and were cast into the sea.
At Rome, Pope St. Gelasius, distinguished for learning and sanctity.
At Verona, St. Maur, bishop and confessor.
In the monastery of Bobbio, the death of St. Columban, abbot who founded many monasteries and governed a large number of monks. He died at an advanced age, celebrated for many virtues.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 21:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-November 22nd
Roman Martyrology-November 22nd-on this date in various years-
St. Cecilia, virgin and martyr, who on the 16th of September, purpled with her own blood, departed to her heavenly Spouse.
At Colossae in Phrygia, during the reign of Nero, Saints Philemon and Apphias, disciples of St. Paul. When the heathen rushed into the church on the feast of Diana, they were arrested and the rest of the Christians fled. By command of the governor Artocles they were scourged, enclosed up to their waists in a pit, then overwhelmed with stones.
At Rome, St. Maur, martyr. He came from Africa to visit the tombs of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom there under Celerinus, prefect of the city in the reign of Emperor Numerian.
At Antioch in Pisidia, the martyrdom of the Saints Mark and Stephen, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, St. Pragmatius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-November 23rd
Roman Martyrology-November 23rd-on this date in various years-
The birthday of Pope St. Clement, who held the sovereign pontificate the third after the blessed apostle Peter. In the persecution of Trajan, he was banished to Chersonesus, where, being thrown into the sea with an anchor tied to his neck, he was crowned with martyrdom. During the pontificate of Pope Adrian II, his body was translated to Rome by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius, and buried with honour in the church that had already been built and named for him.
At Rome, St. Felicitas, mother of seven martyred sons. After them she was beheaded for Christ by order of Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Cyzicum, in the Hellespont, St. Sisinius, martyr, who after many torments was put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Merida in Spain, St. Lucretia, virgin and martyr, whose martyrdom was fulfilled in the same persecution, under the governor Dacian.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, the holy bishop Amphilochius, who was the companion of St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen in the desert, and their colleague in the episcopate. After enduring many trials for the Catholic faith, he rested in peace, renowned for holiness and learning.
At Girgenti, the death of St. Gregory, bishop.
In the town of Hasbein in Belgium, St. Trudo, priest and confessor. Both the monastery which he had erected on his land, and the town which soon afterwards arose, were later named for him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 23:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
But let those who are excommunicated for lighter faults from the table only make satisfaction in the oratory, as long as the Abbot commandeth, and let them perform this until he giveth his blessing and saith, "It is enough."
Martyrology-November 24th
Roman Martyrology-November 24th-on this date in various years
St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of Carmel, and whose birthday is the 14th of December.
Also, the birthday of St. Chrysogonus, martyr. After a long imprisonment in chains for the constant confession of Christ, he was ordered by Diocletian to be taken to Aquileia, where he completed his martyrdom by being beheaded and thrown into the sea.
At Rome, St. Crescentian, martyr, whose name is mentioned in the Acts of blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, St. Alexander, martyr, who fought unto death for the faith of Christ, under Julian the Apostate and the governor Sallust.
At Perugia, St. Felicissimus, martyr.
At Amelia in Umbria, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Firmina, virgin and martyr. After being subjected to various torments, to hanging, and to burning with flaming torches, she yielded up her spirit.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy virgins and martyrs Flora and Mary, who after a long imprisonment were slain with the sword in the Arab persecution.
At Milan, St. Protase, bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before Emperor Constans in the Council of Sardica. Having sustained many labours for the church entrusted to him and for religion, he departed this life to go to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, St. Portian, an abbot who was renowned for miracles in the time of King Theodoric. His name was given to the monastery that he had governed and also the town which was later built there.
In the town of Blaye in France, St. Romanus, priest, whose holiness is proclaimed by glorious miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 24:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.*
Martyrology-November 25th
Roman Martyrology-November 25th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, St. Catherine, virgin and martyr, in the time of Emperor Maximinus. For the confession of the Christian faith she was cast into prison, endured a long scourging with whips set with metal, and finally ended her martyrdom by having her head cut off. Her body was miraculously carried by angels to Mount Sinai, where pious veneration is paid to it by great gatherings of Christians.
At Rome, St. Moses, priest and martyr, who, along with others detained in prison, was often consoled by the letters of St. Cyprian. He withstood with unbending courage not only the heathen, but also the Novatian schismatics and heretics, and according to the words of Pope St. Cornelius, he was finally crowned with a martyrdom which fills the mind with admiration in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, St. Erasmus, martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Mercury, a soldier, who vanquished the barbarians and triumphed over the cruelty of Decius through the protection of his guardian angel. Finally, having acquired great glory from his sufferings, he was crowned with martyrdom and went to reign forever in heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, St. Jucunda, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 25:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-November 26th
Roman Martyrology-November 26th-on this date in various years-
At Fabriano in Piceno, St. Sylvester, abbot, founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine monks.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Peter, bishop of that city, graced with every virtue, who was beheaded by command of Galerius Maximian.
There suffered also at Alexandria in the same persecution the holy martyrs Faustus, a priest, Didius, and Ammonius; likewise four bishops of Egypt, Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with others numbering six hundred and sixty, whom the sword of persecution sent to heaven.
In the village of Fracta, St. Bellinus, bishop of Padua and martyr. The noble defender of the rights of the Church was cruelly attacked by assassins, inflicting many wounds upon him, and then slaying him.
At Nicomedia, in the time of Constantius, St. Marcellus, a priest, who died a martyr by being hurled from a rock by the Arians.
At Rome, St. Siricius, pope and confessor, celebrated for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and published salutary laws concerning ecclesiastical discipline.
At Autun, St. Amator, bishop.
At Constance in Germany, St. Conrad, bishop.
At Rome, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. He was remarkable for his zeal for souls and his holy expeditions throughout Italy. He was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and Pope Pius XI chose and appointed him the heavenly patron of priests to the preaching of missions to the people.
In the district of Rheims, the birthday of St. Basolus, confessor.
At Adrianople in Paphlagonia, St. Stylian, anchoret, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, St. Nicon, monk.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 26:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-November 27th
Roman Martyrology-November 27th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Basileus, bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian and under the governor Maximus, the holy martyrs Hirenarchus, the priest Acacius, and seven women. Struck with the constancy of these women, Hirenarchus was converted to Christ, and with Acacius died under the axe.
In Galicia, on the River Cea, the Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the governor Atticus.
In Persia, St. James Intercisus, a distinguished martyr. In the time of Theodosius the Younger he denied Christ in order to please King Isdegerd, but his mother and his wife for this reason withdrew from his company. Coming to himself, he returned to the king to declare his faith in our Lord, whereupon the angry monarch condemned him to be cut in pieces and beheaded. Countless other martyrs suffered at this time in the same country.
At Aquileia, St. Valerian, bishop.
At Riez in France, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor, who, from his tender years, was endowed with every grace and virtue. Being first superior of the monastery of Lerins, and afterwards bishop of the Church of Riez, he was celebrated for the working of miracles and prodigies.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Virgil, bishop and apostle of Carinthia, who was placed among the number of saints by Pope Gregory IX.
In India, near the Persian boundary, the Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wonderful deeds were written by St. John Damascene.
At Paris, the death of St. Severin, monk and solitary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 27:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Martyrology-November 28th
Roman Martyrology-November 28th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of St. Sosthenes, disciple of the blessed apostle Paul, who is mentioned in his Epistle to the Corinthians. He was chief of the synagogue when converted to Christ, and as a glorious beginning, consecrated the first fruits of his faith by being scourged before the proconsul Gallio.
At Rome, St. Rufus, who was martyred with all his family by Diocletian.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, in the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs Papinian and Mansuetus, bishops, who, for the Catholic faith, were burned in every part of their bodies with hot plates of iron, which ended their glorious trial. At this time also, other holy bishops, Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentian, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentian ended the course of their lives in exile.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantine Copronymus, the holy martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their companions, numbering three hundred and thirty-nine monks, who were subjected to diverse torments for the veneration of holy images, and confirmed the Catholic truth with the shedding of their blood.
At Naples in Campania, the death of St. James della Marca, priest and confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for the austerity of his life, his apostolic preaching, and his many diplomatic missions undertaken for the success of the affairs of Christianity. His name was added to the calendar of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-November 29th
Roman Martyrology-November 29th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Andrew, apostle.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of the holy martyr, Saturninus, an aged man, and the deacon Sisinius, in the time of Emperor Maximian. After a long imprisonment, by order of the prefect of the city they were placed on the rack, stretched with ropes, scourged with rods and whips garnished with metal, then exposed to the flames, taken down from the rack and beheaded.
At Toulouse, in the time of Decius, the holy bishop Saturninus, who was taken to the capitol of that city by the heathen and thrown down the steps from the highest part of the building. The fall having crushed his head, dashed out his brain and mangled his whole body, he rendered his worthy soul to our Lord.
Also, the martyrdom of the Saints Paramon and his companions, to the number of three hundred and seventy-five under Emperor Decius and the governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Philomenus, martyr. During the persecution of Emperor Aurelian, under the governor Felix, he was first exposed to the flames, then having his hands, feet, and head pierced with nails, he fulfilled his martyrdom.
At Veroli, the holy martyrs Blaise and Demetrius.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Illuminata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-November 30th
Roman Martyrology-November 30th-on this date in various years-
At Patras in Achaia, the birthday of the apostle St. Andrew, who preached the gospel of Christ in Thrace and Sythia. He was apprehended by the proconsul Aegeas, imprisoned, and severely scourged, and finally, being hung on a cross, he lived two days on it, teaching the people. Having besought our Lord not to permit him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded with a great brightness from heaven, and when the light disappeared he breathed his last.
At Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, St. Maura, virgin and martyr.
Also, St. Justina, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, St. Constantius, confessor, who bravely opposed the Pelagians, and by enduring many injuries from them, gained a place among the holy confessors.
At Saintes in France, St. Trojan, bishop and confessor, a man of great sanctity, who shews by many miracles that he lives in heaven, though his body is buried on earth.
In Palestine, blessed Zosimus, confessor, who was distinguished for his sanctity and miracles in the time of Emperor Justin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for November 30:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 1st
Roman Martyrology-December1st-on this date in various years-
The prophet Nahum, who was buried in Bagabar.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, a priest, and Marian, a deacon, with many others, while they were observing the birthdays of the martyrs in the catacombs. They were made partakers in the glory of martyrdom when the persecutors, by order of Emperor Numerian, walled up the door of the oratory and piled up a great mass of stones against it.
Also in Rome, the martyrdom of the Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, who, after performing many good works, was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths.
At Casale, St. Evasius, bishop and martyr.
The same day, St. Ansanus, martyr, who confessed Christ at Rome, and was cast into prison in the time of Emperor Diocletian. Afterwards he was taken to Siena in Tuscany, where he ended the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, who was converted to the faith by blessed Firmina, was tortured on the rack, and under Diocletian achieved martyrdom.
At Arbela in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr.
At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, who was eminent for virtues and the practice of pious and religious deeds during the greatest troubles of the Church.
At Brescia, St. Ursicinus, bishop.
At Noyon in Belgium, St. Eligius, bishop, whose life is rendered illustrious by a considerable number of miracles.
At Verdun in France, St. Agericus, bishop.
The same day, St. Natalia, wife of the blessed martyr Adrian, in the time of Emperor Diocletian. She long served the holy martyrs imprisoned at Nicomedia, and when their trials were over, went to Constantinople where she peacefully went to her rest in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-December 2nd
Roman Martyrology-December 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the martyrdom of the saintly virgin Bibiana, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian. For the sake of our Lord she was scourged with leaded whips until she expired.
At Imola, St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor and doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and sanctity. His feast is celebrated on the 4th of this month.
In Sancian, an island of China, the birthday of St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor and Apostle of the Indies. He was renowned for his conversion of the heathen, his gifts and miracles, and he was filled with merits and good works when he fell asleep in the Lord. Pope Pius X chose and appointed him the heavenly protector of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and of the work for the same object. Pope Pius XI confirmed this and appointed him the special patron of all the Foreign Missions. His feast, by decree of Pope Alexander VII, is kept on the following day.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Eusebius, a priest, Marcellus, a deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, who fulfilled their martyrdoms under the judge Secundian in the persecution of Valerian.
Also at Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor.
At Edessa in Syria, St. Nonnus, bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-December 3rd
Roman Martyrology-December 3rd-on this date in various years-
St. Francis Xavier, priest of the Society of Jesus, confessor, Apostle of the Indies, and heavenly patron of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and also of all the Missions, who died on the day previous.
In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Claudius, a tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maur, their sons, and seventy soldiers. By the command of Emperor Numerian, Claudius was fastened to a large stone and thrown into the river, the soldiers and the sons of Claudius were condemned to capital punishment. But blessed Hilaria, after having buried the bodies of her sons, and while praying at their tomb, was arrested by the pagans, and shortly after departed for heaven.
At Tangier in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. After having been a recorder for a long time, at length, by an inspiration from heaven, he deemed it a hateful thing to contribute to the massacre of the Christians, and therefore abandoned his office, and making a profession of Christianity, he deserved to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the martyrdom of the Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and confessor, sometimes mentioned by St. Ambrose.
At Dorchester in England, St. Birinus, who was the first bishop of that city.
At Chur in Germany, St. Lucius, king of the Britons, who in the time of Pope Eleutherius, was the first of their kings to receive the faith of Christ.
At Siena in Tuscany, St. Galganus, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-December 4th
Roman Martyrology-December 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is kept on the 2nd of December.
At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Maximinus. After a series of sufferings, a long imprisonment, the burning with torches, and the cutting away of her breasts, her martyrdom was fulfilled by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes and his companions.
In Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, who joined to an eminent gift of knowledge the more distinguished glory of fortitude and integrity of life.
At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop was one time deacon of the Milanese Church under St. Ambrose.
In England, St. Osmund, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Anno, bishop.
In Mesopotamia, St. Maruthas, bishop, who restored the churches of God that had been ruined in Persia by the persecution of King Isdegerd. Being renowned for many miracles, he merited to be honoured even by his enemies.
At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city, of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-December 5th
Roman Martyrology-December 5th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Sabbas, abbot, who was born in the town of Mutala in Cappadocia. He gave a wondrous example of holiness and laboured most zealously for the Catholic faith against those who attacked the holy Council of Chalcedon. He rested in peace in the monastery later named for him in the diocese of Jerusalem.
At Nice, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop. In the persecution of Decius and Valerian, he was tortured by the governor Perennius for the faith of Christ, burned with hot plates of metal, beaten with rods and whips garnished with pieces of iron, and thrown into the fire. When he came out of it unhurt, he was pierced with two spikes, and thus completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinio in Peligno, St. Pelinus, bishop of Brindisi, at the time of Julian the Apostate. When the temple of Mars fell to the ground at his prayer, he was severely scourged by the priests of the temple, and being pierced with eighty-five wounds, he merited the crown of martyrdom.
Also, St. Anastasius, martyr, who in his ardent desire for martyrdom gave himself up voluntarily to the persecutors.
At Thagura in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamias, Crispin, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Thebaste in Africa, St. Crispina, a woman of the highest nobility who refused to sacrifice to idols during the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, and was beheaded by order of the proconsul Anolinus. Her praises are often celebrated by St. Augustine.
At Treves, St. Nicetius, bishop, a man of great sanctity.
At Polybotum in Asia, St. John, bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests (cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-December 6th
Roman Martyrology-December 6th-on this date in various years-
At Myra, which is the metropolis of Lycia, the birthday of St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, of whom it is related, among other miracles, that, while at a great distance from Emperor Constantine, he appeared to him in a vision and moved him to mercy so as to deter him from putting to death some persons who had implored his assistance.
On the same day, St. Polychronius, priest, who was surprised while offering Mass at the altar and slain by the Arians, in the reign of Emperor Constantius.
In Africa, St. Majorcus, son of St. Dionysia, who, being quite young and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the looks and words of his mother, and becoming stronger than the rest, expired in torments. His mother took him in her arms, and having buried him in her own home, was wont to pray diligently at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of St. Majorcus the martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; also a pious man named Tertius, Emilian a physician, Boniface, and three others. In the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, they were subjected to numberless most painful tortures for the Catholic faith, and thus merited to rank among the confessors of Christ.
At Rome, St. Asella, virgin, who according to the words of St. Jerome, being blessed from her mother's womb, lived to old age in fasting and prayer.
At Granada in Spain, the passion of blessed Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaen and martyr, a member of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-December 7th
Roman Martyrology-December 7th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 4th of April; his feast is kept on this day, the day on which he assumed the government of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He himself was joined with them, crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Numerian, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the birthday of blessed Agatho, soldier. In the persecution of Decius, because he prevented some people from mocking the bodies of the martyrs, a sudden clamour was raised against him by the crowd. Being brought before the judge, and persisting in his confession of Christ, he was sentenced to death for his reverence.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Tuburbum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Hunneric, St. Servus, martyr, who, being for a very long time beaten with rods, lifted up on high with pulleys, and suddenly dropped on flint-stones with his whole weight, and rubbed over with sharp stones, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor.
At Saintes in France, St. Martin, abbot, at whose tomb frequent miracles have been worked through the power of God.
At Faremoutiers, in the diocese of Meaux, the commemoration of St. Phara, who is also called Burgundofara, abbess and virgin. Her birthday is on the 3rd of April.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-December 8th
Roman Martyrology-December 8th-on this date in various years-
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary, Mother of God. On this day, Pius IX solemnly declared her to have been by a singular privilege of God preserved from all stain of original sin.
At Treves, St. Eucharius, a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle, first bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, St. Macarius, martyr, whose constancy in professing the faith increased with the efforts made by the judge to persuade him to deny Christ. He was finally condemned to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, who was a devoted protector of orphans and widows, and a helper of the poor and oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil in France, St. Romaricus, abbot, who left the highest station at the court of King Theodobert, renounced the world, and surpassed others in the observance of monastic discipline.
At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary, renowned for virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Nemesis, a deacon, his daughter Lucina, a virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the tribune and his wife Exuperia and his son Theodulus, whose commemoration is made on the 25th of August.
At Verona, the ordination of St. Zeno, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren (cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-December 9th
Roman Martyrology-December 9th-on this date in various years-
At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, on whose feast St. Augustine delivered a discourse to the people in which he set forth his praises.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo in Spain, the birthday of the holy virgin Leocadia, a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. She was condemned to a cruel imprisonment by Dacian, prefect of Spain, and was pining away when, hearing of the barbarous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other martyrs, she knelt down to pray and yielded up her undefiled spirit to Christ.
At Limoges in Aquitaine, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr.
At Verona, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Proculus, bishop, who was buffeted, scourged with rods, and driven out of the city. Being at length restored to his church, he died in peace.
At Pavia, St. Syrus, first bishop of that city, who was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, who flourished in holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray in Burgundy, St. Peter Fournier, Canon Regular of Our Saviour and the founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of children. Because of his brilliant virtues and miracles, Leo XIII placed him the catalogue of the Saints.
At Perigueux in France, St. Cyprian, abbot, a man of great sanctity.
At Nazianzum in Cappadocia, St. Gorgonia, of whose virtues and miracles St. Gregory has written. She was the daughter of blessed Nonna and the sister of St. Gregory the Theologian and St. Caesarius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot's Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-December 10th
Roman Martyrology-December 10th-on this date in various years-
St. Melchiades, pope and martyr, whose birthday is mentioned on the 11th of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Paul the Apostle. The yearly commemoration of this Dedication, together with that of St. Peter, prince of the apostles, is observed on the 18th of November.
Also, the holy martyrs Carpophorus, a priest, and Abundius, a deacon, in the persecution of Diocletian. They were first cruelly beaten with rods, then imprisoned and denied food and drink; being placed on the rack a second time and again thrown into prison, they were finally beheaded.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercurius and his soldier companions, who were slain by the sword under the governor Tertyllus, in the reign of Emperor Licinius.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, who, after severe torments, fulfilled his martyrdom by being crucified in the time of Julian the Apostate.
At Merida in Spain, in the time of Maximian, the martyrdom of the holy virgin Eulalia, who at twelve years of age suffered many torments for the confession of Christ by order of the governor Dacian. She was stretched on the rack, torn with iron claws, had her sides burned with flaming torches, and swallowing the fire she expired.
Also, in the same city, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, the companion of the blessed Eulalia, who would not be separated from her when the latter went to suffer.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory III, who departed for heaven renowned for his sanctity and good works.
At Vienne in France, St. Sindulph, bishop and confessor.
At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop.
At Loretto in Piceno, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary the Mother of God, wherein the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV declared the same Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Loretto, to be the chief Patroness before God of all airmen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-December 11th
Roman Martyrology-December 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored to his See Peter, bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven from it. He also discovered the bodies of many holy martyrs and composed verses in their honour.
Also at Rome, St. Thrason. He was arrested by order of Maximian for supporting with his goods the Christians who laboured in the baths and at other public works, and those confined in jail. He was crowned with martyrdom with two others, Pontian and prætextatus.
At Amiens in France, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, under the same emperor. By order of Governor Rictiovarus, they had iron pins driven into their ears and nostrils, heated nails into their temples, and arrows into their bodies and their eyes torn out. They were beheaded with St. Gentian, their guest, and they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, St. Barbabas, martyr.
In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr.
At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Daniel Stylites.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, ?Try the spirits if they be of God.? If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: ?Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart.? If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-December 12th
Roman Martyrology-December 12th-on this date in various years-
At Alexandria, in the time of Decius, the holy martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who were kept in chains a long time and subjected to various torments, but as they persevered in the faith, they were finally consumed by fire. The feast of St. Epimachus together with that of St. Gordian the martyr is observed on the 10th of May.
At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, who was ordained lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus. Having converted many to Christ, he was accused before Emperor Aurelian, and being put to the sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first named, after having triumphed over unheard-of kinds of torments, in the persecution of Decius, ended her blessed life by beheading. As to the three others, the judge, being ashamed to be overcome by women, and fearing that by resorting to tortures he would be vanquished by their constancy, ordered them to be beheaded immediately.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 13th
Roman Martyrology-December 13th-on this date in various years-
At Syracuse in Sicily, the birthday of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. By order of the proconsul Paschasius, she was delivered to profligates, that her chastity might be insulted by the people; but when they attempted to lead her away they were not able to move her, either with ropes or by means of many yoke of oxen. Then having hot pitch, resin, and burning oil applied to her body without being injured, she finally had a sword driven through her throat, and thus completed her martyrdom.
At Moulins in France, the birthday of St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, widow, foundress of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, distinguished by the nobility of her birth, by the holiness she constantly displayed in four different states of life, and by the gift of miracles. She was placed among the saints by Clement XIII. Her holy body was taken to Annecy in Savoy and buried with great pomp in the first church of her order. by order of Clement XIV, her feast is kept by the whole Church on the 21st of August.
In Armenia, the martyrdom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Eustratius was the first subjected alone to barbarous torments under Lysias. Then he was conducted to Sebaste, where he was tortured together with Orestes under the governor Agricolaus, and being cast into a furnace, yielded up his soul; but Orestes being laid on a bed of heated iron, rendered his soul unto God. The others were made to endure most grievous torments among the Arabraci, under the governor Lysias, and fulfilled their martyrdom in different ways. Their relics were afterwards carried to Rome and placed with due honours in the church of St. Apollinaris.
At Sardinia, in the island of Sulci, the martyrdom of St. Antiochus, under Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai in France, St. Aubert, bishop and confessor.
In the parts of Ponthieu in France, St. Judoc, priest and confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, St. Otilie, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-December 14th
Roman Martyrology-December 14th-on this date in various years-
At Ubeda in Spain, the birthday of St. John of the Cross, priest and confessor, and the companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites. Pope Benedict XIII placed him on the list of the saints, and Pope Pius XI declared him a doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is observed on the 24th of November.
At Rheims in France, holy Bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their companions, martyrs, who were put to death by barbarians hostile to the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. In the persecution of Decius, the first three were subjected to all the refinements of cruelty by the judge, who, seeing them displaying the same constancy, ordered that they should be cast into the fire. But Dioscorus, after repeated scourgings, was set free by the intervention of Providence to the great consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the martyrdom of Saints Justus and Abundius, who were cast into the flames in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Olybrius, but escaping all injury, they were smitten with the sword.
In the island of Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridion, bishop. He was one of those confessors who were condemned by Galerius Maximian to labour in the mines, after suffering the loss of his right eye and cutting of the sinews of his left knee. This prelate was renowned for the gift of prophecy and glorious miracles, and in the Council of Nicea he confounded a heathen philosopher, who had insulted the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. Illustrious for the gift of miracles, he was often seen with the standard of the Cross, delivering the city besieged by enemies.
At Milan, St. Matronian, hermit.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-December 15th
Roman Martyrology-December 15th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the martyrdom of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Cælian, Mark, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same country, the holy bishop Valerian, who, being upwards of eighty years of age, in the persecution of the Vandals, under the Arian king Genseric, was asked to deliver the vessels of the Church, and as he constantly refused, an order was issued to drive him all alone out of the city, and all persons were forbidden to allow him to stay in their houses or on their land. For a long time he remained lying on the public road, in the open air, and thus in the confession and defence of Catholic truth he ended his blessed life.
In the territory of Orleans, St. Maximin, confessor.
Among the Iberians across the Euxine Sea, St. Christiana, a maidservant, who by virtue of her miracles led that people to the faith of Christ, in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the ordination of St. Eusebius, bishop and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 15:
CHAPTER LXI
How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-December 16th
Roman Martyrology-December 16th-on this date in various years-
St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr. His birthday is commemorated on the 1st of August and his ordination on the 15th of December.
The three young men, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, whose bodies are buried in a cave near Babylon.
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, an officer of the army, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and Agricola, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Mola di Gaeta in Campania, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius.
In Africa, many holy virgins who reached a happy end of their martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals under the Arian king Hunneric by having heavy weights tied to them and burning plates of metal applied to their bodies.
At Vienne in France, blessed Ado, bishop and confessor.
In Ireland, St. Bean, bishop.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Irenion, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 17th
Roman Martyrology-December 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captivesk, whose feast, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is observed on the 8th of February.
At Marseilles in France, blessed Lazarus, brother of the Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, of whom we read in the Gospel that our Lord called him his friend and raised him from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight companions, who were slain by the Saracens because of the faith of Christ, during the reign of Emperor Haraclius.
In the monastery of Fulda, the holy abbot Sturmius, apostle of Saxony, who was ranked among the saints by Innocent II, in the second Lateran Council.
At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Wivina, virgin, whose eminent sanctity is attested to by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, St. Olympias, widow.
At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, blessed Begga, widow, the sister of St. Gertrude.
Also, the translation of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr, who, the third after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was taken from Rome, where he had suffered martyrdom under Trajan on the 20th of December, and deposited in the church cemetery near the Gate of Daphne at Antioch. St. John Chrysostom, on that solemn occasion, preached the sermon to the people. Afterwards his relics were carried back to Rome and placed with the highest reverence in the church of St. Clement, together with the body of that blessed pope and martyr.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 17:
CHAPTER LXII
Of the Priests of the Monastery
If any Abbot desire to have a priest or deacon ordained for his Monastery, let him choose from among his monks one who is worthy to fulfil the priestly office. And let him that is ordained beware of arrogance and pride, and presume to do nothing that is not commanded him by the Abbot, knowing that he is now all the more subject to regular discipline. Let him not, by reason of his priesthood, become forgetful of the obedience and discipline of the Rule, but advance ever more and more in godliness. Let him always keep the place due to him according to his entrance into the Monastery, except with regard to his office at the altar, or unless the choice of the community and the will of the Abbot should raise him to a higher place for the merit of his life. Nevertheless, let him know that he must observe the rules prescribed by the deans or Prior. Should he presume to do otherwise, he shall be judged, not as a priest, but as a rebel; and if after frequent warning he do not correct himself, let recourse be had to the intervention of the Bishop.* If even then he will not amend, and his guilt is clearly shewn, let him be cast forth from the Monastery, provided his contumacy be such that he will not submit nor obey the Rule.
Martyrology-December 18th
Roman Martyrology-December 18th-on this date in various years-
At Philippi in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of the number of disciples by whom the primitive church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks. Their happy martyrdom is mentioned by St. Polycarp in his Epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea in Syria, the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same country, St. Moses, martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia in Cilicia, St. Auxentius, bishop, who, being at first a soldier under Licinius, preferred to surrender his military insignia rather than offer grapes to Bacchus. Having been made a bishop, he was renowned for his merit, and died in peace.
At Tours in France, St. Gratian, appointed first bishop of that city by Pope St. Fabian. Celebrated for many miracles, he calmly went to his repose in the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 18:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community
Let everyone keep that place in the Monastery, which the time of his entering religion, the merit of his life, or the appointment of the Abbot shall determine. And let not the Abbot disquiet the flock committed to him, nor by an undue use of his authority ordain anything unjustly; but let him ever bear in mind that he will have to give an account to God of all his judgments and all his deeds. Therefore in that order which they hold, or which he shall have appointed, let the brethren receive the kiss of peace, approach to Communion, intone the Psalms, and stand in choir. And in no place whatsoever let age decide the order, or be prejudicial to it; for Samuel and Daniel, when but children, judged the elders. Excepting, therefore, those whom (as we have said) the Abbot hath promoted with some special object, or for distinct reasons hath degraded, let all the rest stand in the order of their coming to religion; so that, for example, he who entered the Monastery at the second hour of the day must know that he is lower than he who came at the first hour, whatever may be his age or dignity. The children are to be kept under discipline at all times and by every one.
Martyrology-December 19th
Roman Martyrology-December 19th-on this date in various years-
In Morocco, St. Timothy, deacon, who after severe imprisonment for the sake of Christ was cast into the fire and achieved martyrdom.
At Alexandria in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, who first was denounced before the judge as a robber, and being freed from that charge, soon after, in the persecution of Decius, was accused before the judge Emilian of being a Christian. He was twice subjected to torture and condemned to be burned alive with robbers, thus bearing a resemblance to our Saviour, who was crucified with thieves.
At Nicaea, the Saints Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriac, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions.
At Gaza in Palestine, the martyrdom of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the death of Pope St. Anastasius I, a man who was rich in his poverty and filled with apostolic zeal. St. Jerome says that Rome did not deserve to possess him long, lest the capital of the world should be devastated under so fine a bishop, for shortly after his death Rome was taken and sacked by the Goths.
Antisiodori sancti Gregorii, Episcopi et Confessoris. At Auxerre, St. Gregory, bishop and confessor.
At Orleans in France, St. Adjutus, abbot, famous for the spirit of prophecy.
At Rome, St. Fausta, mother of St. Anastasia, renowned for her noble birth and her holiness.
At Avignon, blessed Urban V, who deserved well of the Church by restoring the Apostolic See to Rome, by bringing about a reunion of the Latins and the Greeks, and by suppressing heretics. Pius IX approved and confirmed the veneration which had long been paid to him.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 19:
CHAPTER LXIII
Of the Order of the Community (cont.)
Let the younger brethren, then, reverence their elders, and the elder love the younger. In calling each other by name, let none address another by his simple name; but let the elders call the younger brethren Brothers, and the younger call their elders Fathers,* by which is implied the reverence due to a father. But let the Abbot, since he is considered to represent the person of Christ, be called Lord and Abbot, not that he hath taken it upon himself, but out of reverence and love for Christ. Let him be mindful of this, and shew himself to be worthy of such an honour. Wherever the brethren meet one another, let the younger ask a blessing from the elder. And when the elder passeth by, let the younger rise, and give place to him to sit down; nor let the younger presume to sit with him, unless the elder bid him, that it may come to pass as it is written: "In honour preferring one another." Let young children and boys take their places in the Oratory, or at table, with all due discipline. In other places also, wherever they may be, let them be under proper care and discipline, until they come to the age of understanding.
Martyrology-December 20th
Roman Martyrology-December 20th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of St. Thomas, Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Zephyrinus, pope and martyr. His feast is celebrated on the 26th of August.
In the same city, the martyrdom of St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr. He was the third after St. Peter the Apostle to rule the church of Antioch, and in the persecution of Trajan was condemned to the beasts. By order of Trajan he was sent to Rome in fetters, and there tortured and afflicted with the most cruel torments in the midst of the assembled Senate. Finally he was cast to the lions, and being ground by their teeth became a sacrifice for Christ. His feast is observed on the 1st of February.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy martyrs Eugene and Macarius, priests. For reproving Julian the Apostate for his impiety, they received severe stripes, were banished to a vast desert, and finally were put to the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemy, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers. Standing near the tribunals, and seeing a Christian under torture and almost ready to apostatize, they endeavoured to encourage him by their looks and by signs. When on account of this the crowd raised an outcry against them, they stepped forward and declared themselves Christians. In their victory, Christ also who had given them fortitude triumphed.
At Gelduba in Germany, St. Julius, martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Philogonius, bishop, who was called by the will of God from the office of lawyer to the government of that church. With the saintly bishop Alexander and his companions, he engaged in the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius. Renowned for merits he rested in the Lord, and his feast was commemorated by St. John Chrysostom with an excellent eulogy.
At Brescia, St. Dominic, bishop and confessor.
In Spain, the death of St. Dominic of Silos, abbot of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for the miracles which he had wrought for the liberation of captives.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 20:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot
In the appointing of an Abbot, let this principle always be observed, that he be made Abbot whom all the brethren with one consent in the fear of God, or even a small part of the community with more wholesome counsel, shall elect. Let him who is to be appointed be chosen for the merit of his life and the wisdom of his doctrine, even though he should be the last in order in the community. But if all the brethren with one accord (which God forbid) should elect a man willing to acquiesce in their evil habits, and these in some way come to the knowledge of the Bishop to whose diocese that place belongs, or of the Abbots or neighbouring Christians, let them not suffer the consent of these wicked men to prevail, but appoint a worthy steward over the house of God, knowing that for this they shall receive a good reward, if they do it with a pure intention and for the love of God, as, on the other hand, they will sin if they neglect it.
Martyrology-December 21st
Roman Martyrology-December 21st-on this date in various years-
At Mylapore, the birthday of the blessed Apostle Thomas, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians. Having finally penetrated into India, and instructed those nations in the Christian religion, he died pierced with lances at the order of the king. His remains were first taken to the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, the birthday also of St. Peter Canisius, priest of the Society of Jesus, a confessor famed for his sanctity and learning. He defended and spread the Catholic faith with the utmost zeal in Germany during its most difficult times. Pope Pius XI added him to the list of the saints, and at the same time declared him to be a doctor of the universal Church, appointing his feast to be observed on the 27th of April.
At Antioch, St. Anastasius, bishop and martyr. During the reign of Emperor Phocas he was cruelly murdered by Jews in a riot which they had instigated against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, St. Glycerius, priest. During the persecution of Diocletian he was subjected to many torments, and finally fulfilled his martyrdom by being cast into the flames.
In Tuscany, the holy martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, St. Themistocles, martyr. In the reign of Emperor Decius, he offered himself to take the place of Dioscorus, whom they were seeking to slay. He was tortured on the rack, dragged over rough ways and scourged, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Treves, St. Severinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 21:
CHAPTER LXIV
Of the Appointment of the Abbot(cont.)
Let him that hath been appointed Abbot always bear in mind what a burden he hath received, and to Whom he will have to give an account of his stewardship; and let him know that it beseemeth him more to profit his brethren than to preside over them. He must, therefore, be learned in the Law of God, that he may know whence to bring forth new things and old: he must be chaste, sober, merciful, ever preferring mercy to justice, that he himself may obtain mercy. Let him hate sin, and love the brethren. And even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken. And by this we do not mean that he should suffer vices to grow up; but that prudently and with charity he should cut them off, in the way he shall see best for each, as we have already said; and let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion, or else he will never be at rest. In all his commands, whether concerning spiritual or temporal matters, let him be prudent and considerate. In the works which he imposeth, let him be discreet and moderate, bearing in mind the discretion of holy Jacob, when he said "If I cause my flocks to be overdriven, they will all perish in one day." Taking, then, the testimonies, borne by these and the like words, to discretion, the mother of virtues, let him so temper all things, that the strong may have something to strive after, and the weak nothing at which to take alarm. And, especially, let him observe this present Rule in all things; so that, having faithfully fulfilled his stewardship, he may hear from the Lord what that good servant heard, who gave wheat to his fellow-servants in due season: "Amen, I say unto you, over all his goods shall he place him."
Martyrology-December 22nd
Roman Martyrology-December 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the two laurels, the birthday of thirty holy martyrs who were all crowned with martyrdom on the one day in the persecution of Diocletian.
In the same city, St. Flavian, an ex-prefect, the husband of the blessed martyr Dafrosa, and the father of the holy virgin martyrs, Bibiana and Demetria. He was condemned under Julian the Apostate to be branded for Christ, and was exiled to Aquae Taurinae, where he gave up his soul to God in prayer.
In Egypt, St. Chaeremon, bishop of Nilopolis, and many other martyrs. While the persecution of Decius was raging, some of them were dispersed in flight, and wandering through deserts were killed by wild beasts; others perished by famine, cold, and sickness; others again were murdered by barbarians and robbers, and thus all were crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, St. Ischyrion, martyr. Because he despised all the injuries he was made to suffer in attempts to force him to sacrifice to idols, his bowels were pierced with a sharp stake, bringing his death.
At Nicomedia, St. Zeno, a soldier who mocked Diocletian for sacrificing to Ceres, wherefore his jawbones were broken, his teeth knocked out, and his head struck off.
At Chicago, St. Frances Xavier Cabrini, virgin, foundress of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for charity, humility, and invincible fortitude. Pope Pius XII added her to the catalogue of saints, and named her as the heavenly patroness of all emigrants.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 22:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery
It happeneth very often that by the appointment of the Prior grave scandals arise in Monasteries; since there are some who, puffed up by the evil spirit of pride, and deeming themselves to be second Abbots, take upon themselves to tyrannise over others, and so foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community: especially in those places where the Prior is appointed by the same priest, or the same Abbots as appoint the Abbot himself. How foolish this is may easily be seen; for from the moment of his appointment an incentive to pride is given to him, the thought suggesting itself that he is freed from the authority of his Abbot, since he hath been appointed by the very same persons. Hence are stirred up envy, quarrels, backbiting, dissensions, jealousy and disorders. And while the Abbot and Prior are at variance with one another, it must needs be that their own souls are endangered by reason of their disagreement; and those who are their subjects, while favouring one side or the other, run to destruction. The evil of this peril falleth on the heads of those who by their action have been the cause of such disorders.
Martyrology-December 23rd
Roman Martyrology-December 23rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, during the persecution of Emperor Decius. She had been promised in marriage to a pagan named Eugene, but because she had refused to marry him and to offer sacrifice to idols, and because by working many miracles she had brought many virgins to the service of God, the executioner thrust a sword into her heart at the request of her spouse.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, one of whom was burned alive in the same persecution of Diocletian, and the other died in a pit where he had been thrown. A deacon of St. Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, suffered at the same time. He had been arrested by the heathen when he was carrying letters to the martyrs, and being overwhelmed with stones, went to our Lord.
Likewise, the birthday of twenty holy martyrs, whom the persecution of Diocletian made martyrs for the faith of Christ, after subjecting them to the most painful torments.
In Crete, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomines, Agathopodes, Basilides, and Everistus, who were beheaded after suffering cruel torments in the persecution of Decius.
At Rome, blessed Servulus of whom St. Gregory writes that from his early years to the end of his life he was a paralytic and had remained lying in a porch near St. Clement's Church, and being invited by the chant of angels, he went to enjoy the glory of Paradise. At his tomb frequent miracles are wrought by God.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 23:
CHAPTER LXV
Of the Prior of the Monastery (cont.)
We foresee, therefore, that it is expedient for the preservation of peace and charity, that the ordering of the Monastery depend upon the will of the Abbot. If possible, let all the affairs of the Monastery be attended to (as we have already arranged) by Deans, as the Abbot shall appoint; so that, the same office being shared by many, no one may become proud. But if the needs of the place require it, and the community ask for it reasonably and with humility, and the Abbot judge it expedient, let him himself appoint a Prior, whomsoever he shall choose with the counsel of brethren who fear God. Let the Prior reverently do whatever is enjoined him by his Abbot, and nothing against his will or command; for the more he is raised above the rest, so much the more carefully ought he to observe the precepts of the Rule. And if the Prior be found culpable or deceived by the haughtiness of pride, or be proved a contemner of the holy Rule, let him be admonished by words until the fourth time, and then let the correction of regular discipline be applied to him. But if even then he do not amend, let him be deposed from the office of Prior, and another, who is worthier, be substituted in his place. If afterwards he be not quiet and obedient in the community, let him be expelled from the Monastery. Nevertheless, let the Abbot bear in mind that he must give an account to God of all his judgments, lest perchance the flame of envy or jealousy be kindled in his soul.
Martyrology-December 24th
Roman Martyrology-December 24th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Cracow in Poland, the birthday of St. John Cantius, priest and confessor, celebrated for his learning, for his zeal in propagating the faith, and for his virtues and miracles, for which Pope Clement XIII added him to the number of the saints. His feast is observed on the 20th of October.
At Spoleto, St. Gregory, priest and martyr. In the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded.
At Tripoli in Phoenicia, the holy martyrs Leucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, during the persecution of Diocletian, St. Euthymius, martyr, who sent many before him to martyrdom, and being pierced with a sword, followed them to share their crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy virgins who suffered martyrdom by divers torments in the Decian persecution.
At Bordeaux, St. Deiphinus, bishop, who was renowned for holiness in the time of Theodosius.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy virgin Tharsilla, aunt of Pope St. Gregory, who writes of her that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Treves, St. Irmina, virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 24:
CHAPTER LXVI
Of the Porter of the Monastery
Let a wise old man be placed at the door of the monastery, one who knoweth how to take and give an answer, and whose mature age doth not permit him to stray about.
He ought to have his cell near the gate, so that they who come may always find some one at hand to give them an answer. As soon as any one shall knock, or a poor man call to him, let him answer, "Thanks be to God," or bid God bless him, and then with all mildness and the fear of God let him give reply without delay, in the fervour of charity. If the porter need help, let him have with him one of the younger brethren.
The Monastery, however, ought if possible to be so constituted that all things necessary, such as water, a mill, and a garden, and the various crafts may be contained within it; so that there may be no need for the monks to wander abroad, for this is by no means expedient for their souls. And we wish this rule to be frequently read in the community, that none of the brethren may excuse himself on the plea of ignorance.
Martyrology-December 25th
Roman Martyrology-December 25th-on this date in various years-
In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when in the beginning God created heaven and earth; from the flood, the 2957th year; from the birth of Abraham, the 2015th year; from Moses and the going-out of the people of Israel from Egypt, the 1510th; from the anointing of David as king, the 1032nd year; in the 65th week according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the 194th Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, the 752nd year; in the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus, when the whole world was at peace, in the sixth age of the world: Jesus Christ, the eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, desiring to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming, having been conceived by the Holy Ghost, and nine months having passed since His conception (A higher tone of voice is now used, and all kneel) was born in Bethlehem of Juda of the Virgin Mary, having become man.
In the same higher tone of voice and in the tone of the Passion:
THE NATIVITY of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
That which follows is said in the customary tone of the Martyrology, and all arise.
The same day, the birthday of St. Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first suffered a severe and harsh imprisonment on the part of her husband Publius, in which, however, she was much consoled and encouraged by the confessor of Christ, Chrysogonus. Afterwards she was thrown into prison again by order of Florus, prefect of Illyria; and finally, having her hands and feet stretched, she was tied to stakes with a fire kindled about her, in the midst of which she ended her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, whither she had been brought with two hundred men and seventy women, who have made martyrdom a glorious thing by the various kinds of death they so valiantly endured.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Peter Nolasco, confessor and founder of the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for virtue and miracles. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of January.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronian, St. Eugenia, virgin, the daughter of blessed Philip, martyr. In the time of Emperor Gallienus, after displaying many signs and virtues, gathering to Christ holy choirs of virgins, and after long trials under Nicetius, prefect of the city, she was finally put to the sword.
At Nicomedia, many thousand martyrs, who had assembled for divine service on our Lord's Nat�vity. When Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be closed, fire to kindled here and there, a vessel with incense to be put before the entrance, and a man to cry out that those who wished to escape from the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter, all with one voice answered that they preferred to die for Christ. They were consumed in the fire, and thus merited to be born in heaven on the day on which Christ vouchsafed to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 25:
CHAPTER LXVII
Of Brethren who are sent on a Journey
Let the brethren who are about to be sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot, and at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be always made of the absent. Let the brethren that return from a journey, on the very day that they come back, lie prostrate on the floor of the Oratory at all the Canonical Hours, while the Work of God is being performed, and beg the prayers of all on account of their transgressions, in case they should perchance upon the way have seen or heard anything harmful, or fallen into idle talk. And let no one presume to relate to another what he may have seen or heard outside the Monastery; for thence arise manifold evils. If any one shall so presume, let him be subjected to the punishment prescribed by the Rule. And he shall undergo a like penalty, who dareth to leave the enclosure of the Monastery, or to go anywhere, or do anything, however trifling, without permission of the Abbot.
Martyrology-December 26th
Roman Martyrology-December 26th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Stephen, the first martyr, who was stoned to death by the Jews shortly after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Rome, St. Marinus, a man of senatorial rank. In the time of Emperor Numerian and the prefect Marcian, he was arrested for the Christian religion, racked and torn with iron claws like a slave, then thrown into a boiling cauldron; but being delivered because the fire became like a dew, he was exposed to the beasts without being injured by them, and finally being led to the altar, the idols of which toppled over at his prayer, he was struck with the sword, and thus obtained the triumph of martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the death of Pope St. Denis, who sustained many labours for the Church, and was renowned for his doctrinal writings.
In the same city, St. Zosimus, pope and confessor.
In Mesopotamia, St. Archelaus, bishop, famous for learning and holiness.
At Majuma, in Palestine, St. Zeno, bishop.
At Rome, St. Theodore, sacristan of the church of St. Peter, who is mentioned by blessed Pope Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 26:
CHAPTER LXVIII
If a Brother be commanded to do Impossibilities
If on any brother there be laid commands that are hard and impossible, let him receive the orders of him who biddeth him with all mildness and obedience. But if he seeth the weight of the burden altogether to exceed his strength, let him seasonably and with patience lay before his Superior the reasons of his incapacity to obey, with out shewing pride, resistance, or contradiction. If, however, after this the Superior still persist in his command, let the younger know that it is expedient for him; and let him obey for the love of God, trusting in His assistance.
Martyrology-December 27th
Roman Martyrology-December 27th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, the birthday of St. John, apostle and evangelist. After writing his gospel, and after enduring exile and writing the divine Apocalypse, he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan and founded and governed the churches of all Asia. Worn out with age, he died in the sixty-eighth year after the passion of our Lord and was buried near Ephesus.
At Constantinople, the holy confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who were brought up from their childhood in the monastery of St. Sabas. Afterwards, they strove zealously for the veneration of holy images against Leo the Armenian, and at his command they were scourged and banished. After his death they again firmly opposed Emperor Theophilus, who was imbued with the same impiety, and were scourged a second time and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, after peace had at length been restored to the Church, was made bishop of Nicaea, and there, famous for his glorious witness of the faith, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, St. Maximus, bishop, well known and renowned by reason of his confession.
At Constantinople, St. Niceras, virgin, who was renowned for sanctity in the time of Emperor Arcadius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 27:
CHAPTER LXIX
That no one presume to defend another in the Monastery
Care must be taken that on no occasion one monk presume to defend another in the Monastery, or to take his part, even although they be connected by some near tie of kinship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever; because therefrom may arise the most grievous occasion of scandals. If any one transgress this rule, let him be very severely punished.
Martyrology-December 28th
Roman Martyrology-December 28th-on this date in various years-
In Bethlehem of Juda, the birthday of the Holy Innocents, who were slain for Christ by Herod the king.
At Lyons in France, the birthday also of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva and confessor. Because of his burning zeal for the conversion of heretics and his learning, Pope Alexander VII placed him among the number of the saints, and his feast is observed on the 29th of January, on which day his holy body was translated from Lyons to Annecy in Savoy. Pope Pius IX decreed him a doctor of the universal Church, and Pope Pius XI constituted him the heavenly patron of all Catholic writers who explain, promote, or defend Christian doctrine by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the holy martyrs Eutychius, priest, and Domitian, deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Indes, a eunuch, Domna, Agapes, and Theophila, virgins, and their companions, who, after long trials, attained to the crown of martyrdom by various kinds of death, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Troadius, martyr, in the persecution of Decius. During his trial St. Gregory Thaumáturgus appeared to him in spirit and encouraged him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus in Lower Armenia, St. Caesarius, martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, St. Domnio, priest.
In the monastery of Lerins in France, St. Anthony, a monk famed for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 28:
CHAPTER LXX
That No One Presume to Strike Another
Let every occasion of presumption be banished from the Monastery. We ordain, therefore, that no one be allowed to excommunicate or strike any of his brethren, unless authority to do so shall have been given him by the Abbot. Let such as offend herein be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may be struck with fear. With regard to the children, however, let them be kept by all under diligent and watchful discipline, until their fifteenth year: yet this, too, with measure and discretion. For if any one presume, without leave of the Abbot, to chastise such as are above that age, or shew undue severity even to the children, he shall be subjected to the discipline of the Rule, because it is written: "What thou wouldest not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-December 29th
Roman Martyrology-December 29th-on this date in various years-
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Thomas, bishop and martyr, who, for the defence of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own basilica by a faction of wicked men, and thus went to Christ as martyr.
At Jerusalem, holy David, king and prophet.
At Arles in France, the birthday of St. Trophimus, mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. Being ordained bishop by that apostle, he was the first sent to preach the gospel of Christ in that city. From his preaching, as from a fountain, according to the expression of Pope St. Zosimus, all France received the waters of salvation.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, St. Marcellus, abbot.
In the country of Hiesmes in France, St. Ebruif, abbot and confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne in France, the commemoration of St. Crescens, bishop and martyr. He was a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and was the first bishop of that city. His birthday is mentioned on the 27th of June.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 29:
CHAPTER LXXI
That the Brethren be obedient one to the other
Not only is the excellence of obedience to be shewn by all to the Abbot, but the brethren must also obey one another, knowing that by this path of obedience they shall come unto God. The commands, then, of the Abbot or the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred) having the first place, let all the younger brethren obey their elders with all charity and vigilance. And should any one be found refractory, let him be corrected. But if a brother be rebuked by the Abbot, or any of his Superiors, for the slightest cause, or if he perceive that the mind of any Superior is even slightly angered or moved against him, however little, let him at once, without delay, cast himself on the ground at his feet, and there remain doing penance until that feeling be appeased, and he giveth him the blessing. If any one should disdain to do this, let him either be subjected to corporal chastisement, or, if he remain obdurate, let him be expelled from the Monastery.
Martyrology-December 30th
Roman Martyrology-December 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Felix I, pope and martyr, who governed the Church during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. His feast day is celebrated on the 30th of May.
At Spoleto, the birthday also of the holy martyrs Sabinus, bishop, Exuperantius and Marcellus, deacons, and also Venustian, governor, along with his wife and sons, under Emperor Maximian. Marcellus and Exuperantius were first racked, then severely beaten with rods; afterwards being torn with iron hooks, and burned in the sides, they fulfilled their martyrdom. Not long after, Venustian was put to the sword with his wife and sons. St. Sabinus, after having his hands cut off, and being a long time confined in prison, was scourged to death.
The martyrdom of these saints is commemorated on the same day, although it occurred at different times.
At Alexandria, the Saints Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their martyr companions.
At Thessalonica, St. Anysia, martyr.
Likewise, St. Anysius, bishop of the same city.
At Milan, St. Eugene, bishop and confessor.
At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop.
At Aquila, in Abruzzi, St. Rainer, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 30:
CHAPTER LXXII
Of the good zeal which Monks ought to have
As there is an evil zeal of bitterness, which separateth from God, and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal, which keepeth us from vice, and leadeth to God and to life everlasting. Let monks, therefore, exert this zeal with most fervent love; that is, "in honour preferring one another." Let them most patiently endure one another's infirmities, whether of body or of mind. Let them vie with one another in obedience. Let no one follow what he thinketh good for himself, but rather what seemeth good for another. Let them cherish fraternal charity with chaste love, fear God, love their Abbot with sincere and humble affection, and prefer nothing whatever to Christ. And may He bring us all alike to life everlasting.
Martyrology-December 31st
Roman Martyrology-December 31st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Silvester I, confessor, who baptized Emperor Constantine the Great, and confirmed the council of Nicaea. After performing many other holy deeds, he rested in peace.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and PotÃntian. They had been sent there to preach by the Roman Pontiff, and that metropolitan church was illustrated by their confession and martyrdom.
At Catania in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, St. Columba, virgin and martyr, who, after having triumphed over fire, was beheaded during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian.
On the same day, St. Zoticus, a Roman priest who went to Constantinople and undertook the work of caring for orphans.
At Ravenna, St. Barbatian, priest and confessor.
At La Louvesc, in the diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, the death of St. John Francis Regis, priest of the Society of Jesus and confessor. He was a man of great love and patience in securing the salvation of souls.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for December 31:
CHAPTER LXXIII
That the whole observance of Perfection is not set down in this Rule
We have written this Rule, in order that, by observing it in Monasteries, we may shew ourselves to have some degree of goodness of life, and a beginning of holiness. But for him who would hasten to the perfection of religion, there are the teachings of the holy Fathers, the following whereof bringeth a man to the height of perfection. For what page or what word is there in the divinely inspired books of the Old and New Testaments, that is not a most unerring rule for human life? Or what book of the holy Catholic Fathers doth not loudly proclaim how we may by a straight course reach our Creator? Moreover, the Conferences of the Fathers, their Institutes and their Lives, and the Rule of our holy Father Basil - what are these but the instruments whereby well-living and obedient monks attain to virtue? But to us, who are slothful and negligent and of evil lives, they are cause for shame and confusion. Whoever, therefore, thou art that hasteneth to thy heavenly country, fulfil by the help of Christ this least of Rules which we have written for beginners; and then at length thou shalt arrive, under God's protection, at the lofty summits of doctrine and virtue of which we have spoken above.
Martyrology-January 1st
Roman Martyrology-January 1st-on this date in various years-
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the octave of his Nativity.
At Rome, under Emperor Alexander, St. Martina, virgin, who endured various kinds of torments, and being beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom. Her feast is kept on the 30th of this month.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the death of St. Basil the Great, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church, renowned for his learning and wisdom and gifted with every virtue, who during the reign of Emperor Valens wonderfully displayed his talents as he defended the Church with great constancy against the Arians and Macedonians. His feast, however, is appropriately kept on the 14th of June, the day on which he was consecrated bishop.
In Tuscany, on Mount Senario, St. Bonfilius, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having honoured her devoutly, was suddenly called to heaven by her. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on February 12th.
At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."
In the same city, on the Appian Way, the crowning with martyrdom of thirty holy soldiers under Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, St. Concordius, priest and martyr, who was beaten with clubs, then stretched on the rack, and after a long confinement in prison, where he was visted by an angel, lost his life by the sword.
The same day, St. Magnus, martyr.
In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Rusp, who suffered much from the Arians, during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching an excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence.
At Chieti in Abruzzo, the birthday of St. Justin, bishop of that city, illustrious for holiness of life and for his miracles.
In the diocese of Lyons, in the monastery of St. Claude, St. Eugendus, abbot, whose life was eminent for virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny in France, St. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, who was the first to prescribe that the commemoration of all the faithful departed should be made in his monasteries the day after the feast of All Saints. This practice was afterwards received and approved by the universal Church.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Vincent Maria Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, of the Order of Passionists, renowned for his pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the saints.
At Alexandria, the departure from this world of St. Euphrosyna, virgin, who was renowned in her monastery for the virtue of abstinence, and for the gift of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 1:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE
Hearken, O my son, to the precepts of thy Master, and incline the ear of thine heart; willingly receive and faithfully fulfil the admonition of thy loving Father, that thou mayest return by the labour of obedience to Him from Whom thou hadst departed through the sloth of disobedience. To thee, therefore, my words are now addressed, whoever thou art that, renouncing thine own will, dost take up the strong and bright weapons of obedience, in order to fight for the Lord Christ, our true king. In the first place, whatever good work thou beginnest to do, beg of Him with most earnest prayer to perfect; that He Who hath now vouchsafed to count us in the number of His children may not at any time be grieved by our evil deeds. For we must always so serve Him with the good things He hath given us, that not only may He never, as an angry father, disinherit his children, but may never, as a dreadful Lord, incensed by our sins, deliver us to everlasting punishment, as most wicked servants who would not follow Him to glory.
Martyrology-January 2nd
Roman Martyrology-January 2nd-on this date in various years-
For 2024 Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus
The Octave of St. Stephen, the first martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, despising the edict of Emperor Diocletian, which ordered that the sacred books should be delivered up, preferred to offer their bodies to the executioners rather than to give holy things to dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, bishop.
At Tomis in Pontus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, three holy brothers, Argeus, Narcissus, and the young man Marcellinus. This last, being enrolled among the new soldiers, and refusing to serve, was beaten almost to death, and for a long while kept in prison. Being finally cast into the sea, he finished his martyrdom, and his brothers were beheaded.
At Milan, St. Martinian, bishop.
In Nitria in Egypt, blessed Isidore, bishop and confessor.
The same day, St. Siridion, bishop.
In Thebais, St. Macarius of Alexandria, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 2:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Let us then at length arise, since the Scripture stirreth us up, saying: It is time now for us to rise from sleep." And our eyes being open to the deifying light, let us hear with wondering ears what the Divine Voice admonisheth us, daily crying out: "To-day if ye shall hear His voice, harden not your hearts." And again, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the Churches." And what saith He? "Come, my children, hearken to Me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while ye have the light of life, lest the darkness of death seize hold of you."
Martyrology-January 3rd
Roman Martyrology-January 3rd-on this date in various years-
The Octave of St. John, apostle and evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Anterus, who suffered under Julius Maximinus, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne in France, St. Florentius, bishop, who was sent into exile and who was martyred in the time of Emperor Gallienus.
In the city of Aulona in Palestine, the crucifixion of St. Peter.
In the Hellespont, the holy martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Gordius, centurion, in whose praise is extant a celebrated discourse delivered by St. Basil the Great on the day of his festival.
In Cilicia, the holy martyrs Zosimus and the notary Athanasius.
Also, the Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Padua, St. Daniel, martyr.
At Paris, St. Genevieve, virgin, who was consecrated to Christ by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, and who became famous for her admirable virtues and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 3:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
And the Lord, seeking His own workman in the multitude of the people to whom He thus crieth out, saith again: "Who is the man that will have life, and desireth to see good days. And if thou, hearing Him, answer, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips that they speak no guile. Turn from evil, and do good: seek peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes will be upon you, and My ears will be open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say unto you, "Behold, I am here." What can be sweeter to us, dearest brethren, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold in His loving-kindness the Lord sheweth unto us the way of life.
Martyrology-January 4th
Roman Martyrology-January 4th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Holy Innocents.
In Crete, the birthday of St. Titus, who was consecrated bishop of that island by the apostle St. Paul. After having faithfully performed the duty of preaching the Gospel, he reached the end of his saintly life, and was buried in the church of which he had been made a worthy minister by the holy apostle.
At Rome, in the reign of the impious Julian, the holy martyrs Priscus, a priest, Priscillian, a cleric; and Benedicta, a religious woman, whose martyrdom was ended by the sword.
Also at Rome, under the same emperor, blessed Dafrosa, wife of the martyr St. Flavian, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, virgin martyrs. After her husband had been killed, she was first banished and then beheaded.
At Bologna, the Saints Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, martyrs, who suffered under Emperor Maximian.
At Adrumetum in Africa, in the persecution of Severus, the commemoration of St. Mavilus, martyr, who, being condemned by the very cruel governor Scapula to be devoured by wild beasts, received the crown of martyrdom.
Also in Africa, the most renowned martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcian, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres in France, St. Gregory, a bishop renowned for miracles.
At Rheims in France, St. Rigobertus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 4:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Having our loins, therefore, girded with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him Who hath called us to His kingdom. And if we wish to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we shall by no means reach it unless we run thither by our good deeds. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest upon Thy holy hill?" After this question, brethren, let us hear the Lord answering, and shewing to us the way to His tabernacle, and saying: "He that walketh without stain and worketh justice: he that speaketh truth in his heart, that hath not done guile with his tongue: he that hath done no evil to his neighbour, and hath not taken up a reproach against his neighbour:" he that hath brought the malignant evil one to naught, casting him out of his heart with all his suggestions, and hath taken his bad thoughts, while they were yet young, and dashed them down upon the (Rock) Christ. These are they, who fearing the Lord, are not puffed up with their own good works, but knowing that the good which is in them cometh not from themselves but from the Lord, magnify the Lord Who worketh in them, saying with the Prophet: "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give the glory." So the Apostle Paul imputed nothing of his preaching to himself, but said: "By the grace of God I am what I am." And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord."
Martyrology-January 5th
Roman Martyrology-January 5th-on this date in various years-
The Vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Rome, in the time of Antoninus Pius, St. Telesphorus, pope, who, after many sufferings for the confession of Christ, underwent a glorious martyrdom.
In England, St. Edward, king and confessor, illustrious by the virtue of chastity and the gift of miracles. His feast, by order of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the 13th of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
In Egypt, during the persecution of Diocletian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were put to death in Thebais by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, St. Simeon, monk, admirable both for his life and for his conversation. He lived for many years standing on a pillar, and was for that reason called Stylites.
At Rome, the holy virgin Emiliana, aunt of Pope St. Gregory. Being called to God by her sister Tharsilla, who had preceded her, she departed to heaven on this day.
At Alexandria, St. Syncletica, whose noble deeds have been recorded by St. Athanasius.
In Egypt, St. Apollinaris, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for this January 5:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
Hence also the Lord saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, is like a wise man who built his house upon a rock: the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, because it was founded upon a rock." And the Lord in fulfilment of these His words is waiting daily for us to respond by our deeds to His holy admonitions. Therefore are the days of our life lengthened for the amendment of our evil ways, as saith the Apostle: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God is leading thee to repentance?" For the merciful Lord saith: "I will not the death of a sinner, but that he should be converted and live."
Martyrology-January 6th
Roman Martyrology-January 6th-on this date in various years-
The Epiphany of our Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew Corsini, a Florentine Carmelite and bishop of Fiesole. Being celebrated for miracles, he was ranked among the saints by Urban VIII. His festival is kept on the 4th of February.
At Barcelona in Spain, St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity and learning. His festival is kept on the 23rd of this month.
In Africa, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were burned at the stake in the persecution of Severus.
In the diocese of Rheims, the martyrdom of St. Macra, virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the fire by order of the governor Rictiovarus. As she remained uninjured, she had her breasts cut away, was imprisoned in a foul dungeon, rolled upon broken earthenware and burning coals, and finally she gave up her soul while engaged in prayer.
At Rennes in France, St. Melanius, bishop and confessor, who, after a life remarkable for innumerable virtues, with his thoughts constantly fixed on heaven, gloriously departed from this world.
At Geris in Egypt, St. Nilammon, anchoret, who, while he was carred to a bishopric against his will, gave up his soul to God in prayer.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 6:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE (cont.)
Since then, brethren, we have asked of the Lord who is to inhabit His temple, we have heard His commands to those who are to dwell there and if we fulfil those duties, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts, therefore, and our bodies must be made ready to fight under the holy obedience of His commands; and let us ask God to supply by the help of His grace what by nature is not possible to us. And if we would arrive at eternal life, escaping the pains of hell, then - while there is yet time, while we are still in the flesh, and are able to fulfil all these things by the light which is given us - we must hasten to do now what will profit us for all eternity.
Martyrology-January 7th
Roman Martyrology-January 7th-on this date in various years-
The return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
The birthday of blessed Lucian, a priest of the Church of Antioch and martyr, who was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. He suffered at Nicomedia for the confession of Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis, in Bithynia. His praises have been proclaimed by St. John Chrysostom.
At Antioch, St. Clerus, deacon, who, for having professed faith in Christ, was seven times tortured, kept in prison a long while, and at length his martyrdom was ended by decapitation.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.
The same day, St. Julian, martyr.
In Denmark, St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Pavia, St. Crispin, bishop and confessor.
In Dacia, St. Nicetas, bishop, who made fierce and barbarous nations humane and meek by preaching the Gospel to them.
In Egypt, St. Theodore, a saintly monk, who flourished in the time of Constantine the Great. He is mentioned by St. Athanasius in his Life of St. Anthony.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
For January 7, 2024, the Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, by which a most holy example is afforded to Christian families who properly invoke their aid.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 7:
PROLOGUE OF OUR MOST HOLY FATHER SAINT BENEDICT TO HIS RULE(cont.)
We have, therefore, to establish a school of the Lord's service, in the setting forth of which we hope to order nothing that is harsh or rigorous. But if anything be somewhat strictly laid down, according to the dictates of sound reason, for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not therefore fly in dismay from the way of salvation, whose beginning cannot but be strait and difficult. But as we go forward in our life and in faith, we shall with hearts enlarged and unspeakable sweetness of love run in the way of God's commandments; so that never departing from His guidance, but persevering in His teaching in the monastery until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, that we may deserve to be partakers of His kingdom. Amen.
Martyrology-January 8th
Roman Martyrology-January 8th-on this date in various years-
At Venice, the death of St. Lawrence Justinian, confessor, first patriarch of that city. Eminent for learning, and abundantly filled with the heavenly gifts of divine wisdom, he was ranked among the saints by Alexander VIII. He is again mentioned on the 5th of September, on which day he ascended the pontifical throne.
At Beauvais in France, the holy martyrs Lucian, priest, Maximian and Julian. The last two were killed with the sword by the persecutors; but blessed Lucian, who had come to France with St. Denis, after the slaughter of his companions, not fearing to confess the Name of Christ openly, received the same sentence of death.
In Libya, the holy martyrs Theophilus, deacon, and Helladius, who, after having their bodies lacerated and cut with sharp pieces of earthenware, were cast into the fire, and rendered their souls unto God.
At Autun, St. Eugenian, martyr.
At Hierapolis in Asia, St. Apollinaris, bishop, who was conspicuous for sanctity and learning under Marucs Antoninus Verus.
At Naples in Campania, the birthday of the bishop St. Severin, brother to the blessed martyr Victorinus, who, after working many miracles, died, replenished with virtues and merits.
At Metz in France, St. Patiens, bishop.
At Pavia, St. Maximus, bishop and confessor.
At Ratisbon in Bavaria, St. Erhard, bishop.
Among the inhabitants of Noricum (now Austria), the abbot St. Severin, who propagated the Gospel in that country, and is called its apostle. By divine power his body was carried to Lucullano, near Naples, and thence transferred to the monastery of St. Severin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 8:
CHAPTER I
Of the several kinds of Monks and their way of life
It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first are the cenobites: that is those in monasteries, who live under a rule or an Abbot. The second are the Anchorites or Hermits: that is those who, not in the first fervour of religious life, but after long probation in the monastery, have learned by the help and experience of many to fight against the devil; and going forth well armed from the ranks of their brethren to the single-handed combat of the desert, are able, without the support of others, to fight by the strength of their own arm, God helping them, against the vices of the flesh and their evil thoughts. A third and most baneful kind of monks are the Sarabites, who have been tried by no rule nor by the experience of a master, as gold in the furnace; but being as soft as lead, and still serving the world in their works, are by their tonsure to lie to God. These in twos or threes, or even singly, without a shepherd, shut up, not in the Lord?s sheepfolds, but in their own, make a law to themselves in the pleasure of their own desires: whatever they think fit or choose to do, that they call holy; and what they like not, that they consider unlawful.
The fourth kind of monks are those called ?Girovagi,? who spend all their lives-long wandering about divers provinces, staying in different cells for three or four days at a time, ever roaming, with no stability, given up to their own pleasures and to the snares of gluttony, and worse in all things than the Sarabites. Of the most wretched life of these it is better to say nothing than to speak. Leaving them alone therefore, let us set to work, by the help of God, to lay down a rule for the Cenobites, that is, the strongest * kind of monks.
Martyrology-January 9th
Roman Martyrology-January 9th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, in the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of the Saints Julian, martyr, and Basilissa, his virgin wife. She, having lived in a state of virginity with her husband, reached the end of her days in peace. But Julian, after the death by fire of a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had taken refuge in his house from the severity of the persecution, was ordered by the governor Marcian to be tormented in many ways and executed. With him there suffered Anthony, a priest, and Anastasius, whom Julian raised from the dead, and made partaker of the grace of Christ; also Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, and many others.
At Smyrna, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Algeria, St. Marciana, virgin, who received her martyrdom after being condemned to the beasts.
At Sebaste in Armenia, St. Peter, bishop, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and also the brother of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, bishops, and Macrina, virgin.
At Ancona, St. Marcellinus, bishop, who, according to St. Gregory, miraculously delivered that city from destruction by fire.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 9:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be
An Abbot who is worthy to rule over the monastery ought always to remember what he is called, and correspond to his name of superior by his deeds. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, since he is called by His name, as the Apostle saith: "Ye have received the spirit of the adoption of children, in which we cry Abba, Father." And, therefore, the Abbot ought not (God forbid) to teach, or ordain, or command anything contrary to the law of the Lord; but let his bidding and his doctrine be infused into the minds of his disciples like the leaven of divine justice.
Martyrology-January 10th
Roman Martyrology-January 10th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, the birthday of St. Paul, the first hermit who lived alone in the desert from the sixteenth to the one hundred and thirteenth year of his age. His soul was seen by St. Anthony carried by angels among the choirs of apostles and prophets. His feast is kept on the 15th of this month.
In Cyprus, blessed Nicanor, one of the first seven deacons, a man of admirable faith and virtue, who received the crown of glory.
At Rome, Pope St. Agatho, who, by a holy death, concluded a life remarkable for sanctity and learning.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. William, archbishop and confessor, renowned for miracles and virtues. He was canonized by Pope Honorius III.
At Milan, St. John the Good, bishop and confessor.
At Constantinople, St. Marcian, priest.
In the monastery of Cusani in France, the birthday of St. Peter Orsini, confessor, previously the Doge of Venice and afterwards monk of the Order of St. Benedict, renowned for piety and miracles.
At Arezzo in Tuscany, blessed Gregory X, a native of Piacenza, who was elected Sovereign Pontiff while he was archdeacon of Liege. He held the second Council of Lyons, received the Greeks into the unity of the Church, appeased discords among the Christians, made generous efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, and governed the Church in a most holy manner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 10:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let the Abbot be ever mindful that at the dreadful judgment of God an account will have to be given both of his own teaching and of the obedience of his disciples. And let him know that to the fault of the shepherd shall be imputed any lack of profit which the father of the household may find in his sheep. Only then shall he be acquitted, if he shall have bestowed all pastoral diligence on his unquiet and disobedient flock, and employed all his care to amend their corrupt manner of life: then shall he be absolved in the judgment of the Lord, and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: "I have not hidden Thy justice in my heart, I have declared Thy truth and Thy salvation, but they contemned and despised me." And then at length the punishment of death shall be inflicted on the disobedient sheep.
Martyrology-January 11th
Roman Martyrology-January 11th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Hyginus, pope, who suffered a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Also at Rome, the birthday of St. Melchiades, who, having suffered much in the persecution of Maximian, went to his rest in the Lord after peace returned to the Church. His feast day is on the 10th of December.
At Fermo in Piceno, St. Alexander, bishop and martyr.
At Amiens in France, St. Salvius, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, blessed Salvius, martyr, on whose birthday St. Augustine preached to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Peter, Severus and Leucius.
At Brindisi, St. Leucius, bishop and confessor.
In Judea, St. Theodosius, abbot, born in Cappadocia in the village of Magarisso, who, after having endured great sufferings for the Catholic faith, took his rest in peace at the monastery which he had erected on a lonely hill in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In Thebais, St. Palaemon, abbot, who was the teacher of St. Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, St. Athanasius, monk, and his companions, who were called by a voice from heaven to enter the kingdom of God.
At Pavia, St. Honorata, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 11:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be(cont.)
Therefore, when anyone receiveth the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples by a two-fold teaching: that is, he should shew forth all goodness and holiness by his deeds rather than his words: declaring to the intelligent among his disciples the commandments of the Lord by words: but to the hard-hearted and the simple minded setting forth the divine precepts by the example of his deeds. And let him shew by his own actions that those things ought not to be done which he has taught his disciples to be against the law of God; lest, while preaching to others, he should himself become a castaway, and God should say to him in his sin: "Why dost thou declare My justice, and take My covenant in thy mouth? Thou hast hated discipline, and hast cast My words behind thee." And again: "Thou who sawest the mote in thy brother's eye, didst thou not see the beam in thine own?"
Martyrology-January 12th
Roman Martyrology-January 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the time of Emperor Alexander, St. Tatiana, marytr, who had her flesh torn with iron hooks and combs, was thrown to the beasts and cast into the fire, but, having received no injury, was beheaded, and thus went to heaven.
At Constantinople, the Saints Tygrius, priest, and Eutropius, lector, who, in the time of Emperor Arcadius, were falsely accused of the fire which destroyed the principal church and the senate building in order to avenge the exile of St. John Chrysostom. They suffered under Optatus, prefect of the city, who was given to the worship of false gods and a hatred for the Christian religion.
In Achaia, St. Satyrus, martyr. As he passed before an idol and breathed upon it, making the sign of the cross upon his forehead, the idol immediately fell to the ground; for this reason he was beheaded.
On the same day, St. Arcadius, martyr, illustrious for his noble extraction and miracles.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers gloriously crowned.
At Tivoli, St. Zoticus, martyr.
At Ephesus, under Constantine Copronymus, the passion of forty-two holy monks, who endured martyrdom after being most cruelly tortured for the defence of sacred images.
At Ravenna, St. John, bishop and confessor.
At Verona, St. Probus, bishop.
In England, St. Benedict, abbot and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 12:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let not one be loved more than another, unless he be found to excel in good works or in obedience. Let not one of noble birth be put before him that was formerly a slave, unless some other reasonable cause exist for it. But if upon just consideration it should so seem good to the Abbot, let him arrange as he please concerning the place of any one whomsoever; but, otherwise, let them keep their own places; because, whether bond or free, we are all one in Christ, and bear an equal rank in the service of one Lord, "For with God there is no respecting of persons." Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight, if we be found to surpass others in good works and in humility. Let the Abbot, then, shew equal love to all, and let the same discipline be imposed upon all according to their deserts.
Martyrology-January 13th
Roman Martyrology-January 13th-on this date in various years-
The Octave of the Epiphany of our Lord.
At Poitiers in France, the birthday of St. Hilary, bishop and confessor of the Catholic faith which he courageously defended, and for which he was banished for four years to Phrygia, where, among other miracles, he raised a man from the dead. Pius IX declared him a doctor of the Church. His festival is celebrated tomorrow.
At Rheims in France, St. Remigius, bishop and and confessor, who converted the Franks to Christ, and brought Clovis, their king, to the holy font of baptism and instructed him in the mysteries of faith. After he had been bishop for many years, and had distinguished himself by his sanctity and the power of working miracles, he departed this life. His feast is kept on the 1st of October, on which day his holy body was transferred.
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, the crowning of forty holy soldiers, a reward they merited by confessing the true faith under Emperor Gallienus.
At Cordova, the holy martyrs Gumesind, priest, and Servideus, monk.
In Sardinia, St. Potitus, martyr, who, having suffered much under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, was at last put to death by the sword.
At Belgrade in Serbia, the holy martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who were severely tormented under Emperor Licinius, and then drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Leontius, bishop, who fought strongly against the heathens in the reign of Licinius, and against the Arians in the reign of Constantine.
At Treves , St. Agritius, bishop.
In the monastery of Verzy in France, St. Viventius, confessor.
At Amasea in Pontus, St. Glaphyra, virgin.
At Milan, in the monastery of St. Martha, blessed Veronica of Binasco, virgin, of the Order of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 13:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
For the Abbot in his doctrine ought always to observe the bidding of the Apostle, wherein he says: "Reprove, entreat, rebuke"; mingling, as occasions may require, gentleness with severity; shewing now the rigour of a master, now the loving affection of a father, so as sternly to rebuke the undisciplined and restless, and to exhort the obedient, mild, and patient to advance in virtue. And such as are negligent and haughty we charge him to reprove and correct. Let him not shut his eyes to the faults of offenders; but as soon as they appear, let him strive with all his might to root them out, remembering the fate of Heli, the priest of Silo. Those of good disposition and understanding let him, for the first or second time, correct only with words; but such as are froward and hard of heart, and proud, or disobedient, let him chastise with bodily stripes at the very first offence, knowing that it is written: "The fool is not corrected with words." And again "Strike thy son with the rod, and thou shalt deliver his soul from death."
Martyrology-January 14th
Roman Martyrology-January 14th-on this date in various years-
St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, confessor and doctor of the Church, who entered heaven on the thirteenth day of this month.
At Nola in Campania, the birthday of St. Felix, priest, who (as is related by bishop St. Paulinus), after being subjected to torments by the persecutors, was cast into prison, bound hand and foot, and extended on shells and broken earthenware. In the night, however, his bonds were loosened and he was delivered by an angel. The persecution over, he brought many to the faith of Christ by his exemplary life and teaching, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, St. Malachy, prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy monks killed by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In Egypt, in the district of Raithy, forty-three holy monks, who were put to death by the Blemmians for the Christian religion.
At Milan, St. Datius, bishop and confessor, mentioned by pope St. Gregory.
In Africa, St. Euphrasius, bishop.
At Neocaesarea in Pontus, St. Macrina, disciple of St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker, and grandmother of St. Basil, whom she educated in the Christian faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 14:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
The Abbot ought always to remember what he is, and what he is called, and to know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required; and he must consider how difficult and arduous a task he hath undertaken, of ruling souls and adapting himself to many dispositions. Let him so accommodate and suit himself to the character and intelligence of each, winning some by kindness, others by reproof, others by persuasion, that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to him, but may even rejoice in their virtuous increase.
Martyrology-January 15th
Roman Martyrology-January 15th-on this date in various years-
St. Paul, the first hermit, who was carried to the home of the blessed on the tenth of this month.
In the diocese of Angers, blessed Maurus, abbot and disciple of St. Benedict. Beginning his discipline in infancy, he made great progress with so able a master, for while he was still under the saint's instruction he miraculously walked upon the water, a prodigy unheard of since the days of St. Peter. Sent later to France by St. Benedict, he built a famous monastery, which he governed for forty years, and after performing striking miracles, he rested in peace.
In Judea, the holy prophets Habacuc and Michaeas, whose bodies were found by divine revelation in the days of Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Ephisius, martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and under the judge Flavian, having, by the assistance of God, overcome many torments, was beheaded and ascended to heaven.
At Anagni, St. Secundina, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Emperor Decius.
At Nola in Campania, St. Maximus, bishop.
In Auvergne in France, St. Bonitus, bishop and confessor.
In Egypt, St. Macarius, abbot, disciple of St. Anthony, very celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, blessed Isidore, renowned for holiness of life, faith, and miracles.
At Constantinople, St. John Calybita. For some time living unknown to his parents in a corner of their house, and later in a hut on an island in the Tiber, he was recognized by them only at his death. Being renowned for miracles, his body was afterwards taken to Rome and buried on the Island in the Tiber, where a church was subsequently erected in his honour.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 15:
CHAPTER II
What kind of man the Abbot ought to be (cont.)
Above all let him not, overlooking or under-valuing the salvation of the souls entrusted to him, be too solicitous for fleeting, earthly, and perishable things; but let him ever bear in mind that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he shall have to give an account. And that he may not complain for want of worldly substance, let him remember what is written: "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you." And again: "Nothing is wanting to them that fear Him."
And let him know that he who hath undertaken the government of souls, must prepare himself to render an account of them. And whatever may be the number of the brethren under his care, let him be certainly assured that on the Day of Judgment he will have to give an account to the Lord of all these souls, as well as of his own. And thus, being ever fearful of the coming inquiry which the Shepherd will make into the state of the flock committed to him, while he is careful on other men's account, he will be solicitous also on his own. And so, while correcting others by his admonitions, he will be himself cured of his own defects.
Martyrology-January 16th
Roman Martyrology-January 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Marcellus I, a martyr for the confession of the Catholic faith. By command of the tyrant Maxentius he was beaten with clubs, then sent to take care of animals, with a guard to watch him. In this servile office, dressed in haircloth, he departed this life.
In Morocco in Africa, the martyrdom of the five Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, Berard, Peter, and Otto who were priests, and Accursius and Adjutus who were lay brothers. For preaching the Catholic faith, and because of their hatred of the Mohammedan Law, after various torments and mockeries by the Saracen king, they were beheaded.
At Rhinocolura in Egypt, the holy bishop St. Melas, who rested in peace after suffering exile and other painful trials for the Catholic faith during the reign of Emperor Valens.
At Arles in France, St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor, whose life was renowned for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo near Venice, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Fondi in Lazio, St. Honoratus, abbot, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Froheins, in the diocese of Amiens in France, St. Fursey, confessor, whose body was afterwards transferred to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, St. Priscilla, who devoted herself and her goods to the service of the martyrs.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 16:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council
As often as any important matters have to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and himself declare what is the question to be settled. And, having heard the counsel of the brethren, let him consider within himself, and then do what he shall judge most expedient. We have said that all should be called to council, because it is often to the younger that the Lord revealeth what is best. But let the brethren give their advice with all subjection and humility, and not presume stubbornly to defend their own opinion; but rather let the matter rest with the Abbot's discretion, that all may submit to whatever he shall judge to be best. Yet, even as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so doth it behove him to order all things prudently and with justice.
Martyrology-January 17th
Roman Martyrology-January 17th-on this date in various years-
In Thebais, St. Anthony, abbot and spiritual guide of many monks, who was most celebrated for his life and miracles of which St. Athanasius has written a detailed account. His holy body was found by a divine revelation during the reign of Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the church of St. John Baptist.
At Langres in France, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, the Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, born at one birth, were crowned with martyrdom together with their grandmother Leonilla.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, the death of St. Sulpice, surnamed Pius, whose life and precious death were approved by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of St. Andrew, the blessed monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, of whom Pope St. Gregory speaks in his writings.
At Edessa in Mesopotamia, in the time of Emperor Valens, St. Julian Sabas the Elder, who miraculously restored the Catholic faith at Antioch, although it was almost destroyed in that city.
At Rome, the finding of the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian, deacon, and their companions. They suffered martyrdom on the 1st of December during the pontificate of Pope St. Stephen.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 17:
CHAPTER III
Of calling the Brethren to Council (cont.)
Let all therefore, follow the Rule in all things as their guide, and let no man rashly depart from it. Let no one in the monastery follow the will of his own heart: nor let any one presume insolently to contend with his Abbot, either within or without the monastery. But if he should so presume, let him be subjected to the discipline appointed by the Rule. The Abbot himself, however, must do everything with the fear of God and in observance of the Rule: knowing that he will have without doubt to render to God, the most just Judge, an account of all his judgments. If it happen that less important matters have to be transacted for the good of the monastery, let him take counsel with the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not afterwards repent it."
Martyrology-January 18th
Roman Martyrology-January 18th-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter the Apostle, who established the Holy See at Rome.
In the same place, under Emperor Claudius, the passion of St. Prisca, virgin and martyr, who, after undergoing many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Mosseus and Ammonius, soldiers, who were first condemned to work in the metal mines, then cast into the fire.
In the same country, St. Athenogenes, an aged divine, who, on the point of being martyred by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he left in writing to his disciples.
At Tours in France, St. Volusian, bishop, who was made captive by the Goths, and in exile gave up his soul unto God.
In the monastery of Lure in Burgundy, St. Deicola, abbot, a native of Ireland and a disciple of St. Columban.
At Tours in France, St. Leobard, anchoret, a man of wonderful abstinence and humility.
At Como, St. Liberata, virgin.
At Buda in Hungary, St. Margaret, virgin, from the royal family of Arpad, and a nun of the Order of St. Dominic, endued with the virtues of chastity and a burning penitence. The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII, added her to the list of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 18:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works
In the first place, to love the Lord God with all one's heart, all one's soul, and all one's strength.
2. Then one's neighbour as oneself.
3. Then not to kill.
4. Not to commit adultery.
5. Not to steal.
6. Not to covet.
7. Not to bear false witness.
8. To honour all men.
9. Not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself.
10. To deny oneself, in order to follow Christ.
11. To chastise the body.
12. Not to seek after delicate living.
13. To love fasting.
14. To relieve the poor.
15. To clothe the naked.
16. To visit the sick.
17. To bury the dead.
18. To help in affliction.
19. To console the sorrowing.
20. To avoid worldly actions.
21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
Martyrology-January 19th
Roman Martyrology-January 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Cornelian Road, the holy martyrs Marius and his wife Martha, with their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians, who came to Rome through devotion in the time of Emperor Claudius. After they had been beaten with rods, tormented on the rack and with fire, lacerated with iron hooks, and had endured the cutting off of their hands, Martha was put to death in the place called Nympha; the others were beheaded and cast into the fire.
Also St. Canute, king and martyr.
At Smyrna, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, the birthday of blessed Germanicus, martyr, who, in the bloom of youth, being strengthened by the grace of God, and banishing all fear, provoked the beast which, by order of the judge, was to devour him. Being ground by its teeth, he deserved to be incorporated into the true Bread of Life, Christ Jesus, for whom he died.
In Africa., the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, in the days of Emperor Antoninus, the passion of St. Pontian, martyr, who was barbarously scourged for Christ by the command of the judge Fabian, and then compelled to walk barefoot on burning coals. As he was uninjured by the fire, he was put on the rack, was torn with iron hooks, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was comforted by the visit of an angel. He was afterwards exposed to the lions, had melted lead poured over him, and finally died by the sword.
At Lodi in Lombardy, St. Bassian, bishop and confessor, who, in conjunction with St. Ambrose, courageously combatted the heretics.
At Worcester, England, St. Wulstan, bishop and confessor, conspicuous for merits and miracles. He was ranked among the saints by Innocent III.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 19:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
22. Not to give way to anger.
23. Not to harbour a desire of revenge.
24. Not to foster guile in one's heart.
25. Not to make a feigned peace.
26. Not to forsake charity.
27. Not to swear, lest perchance one forswear oneself.
28. To utter truth from heart and mouth.
29. Not to render evil for evil.
30. To do no wrong to anyone yea, to bear patiently wrong done to oneself.
31. To love one's enemies.
32. Not to render cursing for cursing, but rather blessing.
33. To bear persecution for justice's sake.
34. Not to be proud.
35. Not given to wine.
36. Not a glutton.
37. Not drowsy.
38. Not slothful.
39. Not a murmurer.
40. Not a detractor.
41. To put one's hope in God.
42. To attribute any good that one sees in oneself to God, and not to oneself.
43. But to recognise and always impute to oneself the evil that one doth.
Martyrology-January 20th
Roman Martyrology-January 20th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Fabian, pope, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Also at Rome, in the catacombs, the martyr St. Sebastian. He was commander of the first cohort under Emperor Diocletian, and for professing Christianity he was bound to a tree in the center of a vast field, shot with arrows by the soldiers, and beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicea in Bithynia, St. Neophytus, martyr, who in the fifteenth year of his age, was scourged, cast into a furnace, and exposed to wild beasts. As he remained uninjured, and constantly confessed the faith of Christ, he was at last killed with the sword.
At Cesena, St. Maur, bishop, renowned for virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, in the time of Emperor Marcian, the birthday of St. Euthymius, abbot, who flourished in the Church, full of zeal for Catholic discipline, and gifted with miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 20:
CHAPTER IV
What are the Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
44. To fear the Day of Judgment.
45. To be in dread of hell.
46. To desire with a special longing everlasting life.
47. To keep death daily before one's eyes.
48. To keep guard at all times over the actions of one's life.
49. To know for certain that God sees one everywhere.
50. To dash down on the (Rock) Christ one's evil thoughts, the instant that they come into the heart.
51. And to lay them open to one's spiritual father.
52. To keep one's mouth from evil and wicked words.
53. Not to love much speaking.
54. Not to speak vain words or such as move to laughter.
55. Not to love much or excessive laughter.
56. To listen willingly to holy reading.
57. To apply oneself frequently to prayer.
58. Daily to confess one's past sins with tears and sighs to God, and to amend them for the time to come.
59. Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh: to hate one's own will.
60. To obey in all things the commands of the Abbot, even though he himself (which God forbid) should act otherwise: being mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; but what they do, do ye not."
61. Not to wish to be called holy before one is so: but first to be holy, that one may be truly so called.
Martyrology-January 21st
Roman Martyrology-January 21st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Agnes, virgin, who under Symphronius, governor of the city, was thrown into the fire, but after it was extinguished by her prayers, she was slain with the sword. Of her, St. Jerome writes: "Agnes is praised in the writings and by the tongues of all nations, especially in the churches. She overcame the weakness of her age, conquered the cruelty of the tyrant, and consecrated her chastity by martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of St. Publius, bishop, who, as successor of St. Denis the Areopagite, nobly governed the Church of Athens. No less celebrated for the lustre of his virtues than for the brilliancy of his learning, he was gloriously crowned for having borne testimony to Christ.
At Terragona in Spain, during the reign of Gallienus, the holy martyrs Fructuosus, a bishop, Augurius and Eulogius, deacons. They were taken from prison, cast into the fire, where, their bonds being burnt, they extended their arms in the form of a cross, and thus in prayer they died. On their anniversary, St. Augustine preached a sermon to his people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, St. Meinrad, priest and monk, who was slain by robbers after having lived as a hermit in this place where the monastery was later built. The body of this holy man was first buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, and from there it was transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes in France, St. Patroclus, martyr, who won the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, St. Epiphanius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 21:
CHAPTER IV
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
62. Daily to fulfil by one's deeds the commandments of God.
63. To love chastity.
64. To hate no man.
65. Not to give way to jealousy and envy.
66. Not to love strife.
67. To fly from vainglory.
68. To reverence the Seniors.
69. To love the juniors.
70. To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
71. To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
72. And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the tools of the spiritual craft, which, if they be constantly employed day and night, and duly given back on the day of judgment, will gain for us from the Lord that reward which He Himself hath promised - "which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive what God hath prepared for them that love Him." And the workshop where we are to labour at all these things is the cloister of the monastery, and stability in the community.
Martyrology-January 22nd
Roman Martyrology-January 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Valencia in Spain, while the wicked Dacian was governor, St. Vincent, deacon and martyr, who, after suffering imprisonment, hunger, the rack, and the disjointing of his limbs, was burned with plates of heated metal and on the gridiron, and tormented in other ways, then took his flight to heaven, there to receive the reward of martyrdom. His noble triumph over his sufferings has been skillfully set forth in verse by Prudentius, and also was eulogized by St. Augustine and Pope St. Leo.
At Bethsaloen in Assyria, St. Anastasius, a Persian monk, who after suffering much at Caesarea in Palestine from imprisonment, stripes, and fetters, had to bear many afflictions from Chosroes, king of Persia, who caused him to be beheaded. He had sent before him to martyrdom seventy of his companions, who were drowned in a river. His head was brought to Rome, at Aquae Salviae, together with his revered image, by the sight of which demons are expelled, and diseases cured, as is attested by the Acts of the second Council of Nicea.
At Embrun in France, the holy martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
At Sora, the abbot St. Dominic, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 22:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ, and who on account of the holy servitude which they have taken upon them, either for fear of hell or for the glory of life everlasting, as soon as anything is ordered by the superior, suffer no more delay in doing it than if it had been commanded by God Himself. It is of these that the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me." And again, to teachers He saith: "He that heareth you heareth Me."
Such as these, therefore, leaving immediately their own occupations and forsaking their own will, with their hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were about, with the speedy step of obedience follow by their deeds the voice of him who commands; and so as it were at the same instant the bidding of the master and the perfect fulfilment of the disciple are joined together in the swiftness of the fear of God by those who are moved with the desire of attaining eternal life. These, therefore, choose the narrow way, of which the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth unto life"; so that living not by their own will, nor obeying their own desires and pleasures, but walking according to the judgment and command of another, and dwelling in community, they desire to have an Abbot over them. Such as these without doubt fulfil that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do Mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent Me."
Martyrology-January 23rd
Roman Martyrology-January 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Raymond of Pennafort, of the Order of Preachers, whose birthday is the sixth of this month.
At Rome, the holy virgin and martyr, St. Emerentiana. Being yet a catechumen, she was stoned to death by the heathens while praying at the tomb of St. Agnes, her foster sister.
At Philippi in Macedonia, St. Parmenas, one of the first seven deacons, who by the grace of God faithfully discharged the office of preaching committed to him, and obtained the glory of martyrdom in the time of Trajan.
At Ancyra in Galatia, St. Clement, bishop. After enduring frequent torments, he finally completed his martyrdom under Diocletian.
In the same place, and on the same day, St. Agathangelus who suffered under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea in Morocco, the holy martyrs Severian and his wife Aquila, who were consumed by fire.
At Antinoum, a city of Egypt, St. Ascla, martyr, who, after various torments, was thrown into a river and gave up his precious soul unto God.
At Alexandria, St. John the Almoner, bishop of that city, celebrated for his charity towards the poor.
At Toledo, St. Ildefonse, bishop, renowned for sanctity. On account of his great purity of life, and his defence of the virginity of the Mother of God, against the heretics who denied it, he received from her a brilliant white vestment, and was called to heaven.
In the province of Valeria, St. Martyrius, monk, mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 23:
CHAPTER V
Of Obedience (cont.)
But this very obedience will then only be acceptable to God and sweet to men, if what is commanded be done not fearfully, tardily, nor coldly, nor with murmuring, nor with an answer shewing unwillingness; for the obedience which is given to superiors is given to God, since He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you, heareth Me." And it ought to be given by disciples with a good will, because "God loveth a cheerful giver." For if the disciple obey with ill-will, and murmur not only with his lips but even in his heart, although he fulfil the command, yet it will not be accepted by God, Who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he shall gain no reward; nay, rather, he shall incur the punishment due to murmurers, unless he amend and make satisfaction.
Martyrology-January 24th
Roman Martyrology-January 24th-on this date in various years-
At Ephesus, St. Timothy, disciple of the apostle St. Paul, who ordained him bishop of that city. After many labours for Christ, he was stoned for rebuking those who offered sacrifices to Diana, and shortly after went peacefully to his rest in the Lord.
At Antioch, in the persecution of Decius, Bishop St. Babylas, who frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, ended his life in chains, with which he ordered his body to be buried. Three boys, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ, Urbanus, Prilidian, and Epolonius, are said to have suffered with him.
At Foligno in Umbria, St. Felician, consecrated bishop of that city by Pope St. Victor I. After many labours, in extreme old age, he was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Decius.
At Neocaesarea, the holy martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, who were all burned to death, and their remains thrown into the river.
Also, the holy martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli in Piceno, St. Exuperantius, confessor and bishop of that city, who attained great fame by his miracles.
At Bologna, St. Zamas, the first bishop of that city, who was consecrated by Pope St. Denis, and there did wonders in spreading the Christian faith.
Also, blessed Suranus, abbot, who lived in the time of the Lombards.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 24:
CHAPTER VI
Of the Practice of Silence
Let us do as saith the prophet: "I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue, I have placed a watch over my mouth; I became dumb and was silent, and held my peace even from good things." Here the prophet sheweth that if we ought at times to refrain even from good words for the sake of silence, how much more ought we to abstain from evil words, on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, on account of the importance of silence, let leave to speak be seldom granted even to perfect disciples,* although their conversation be good and holy and tending to edification; because it is written: "In much speaking thou shalt not avoid sin"; and elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue." For it becometh the master to speak and to teach, but it beseemeth the disciple to be silent and to listen. And therefore, if anything has to be asked of the Superior, let it be done with all humility and subjection of reverence. But as for buffoonery or idle words, such as move to laughter, we utterly condemn them in every place, nor do we allow the disciple to open his mouth in such discourse.
Martyrology-January 25th
Roman Martyrology-January 25th-on this date in various years-
The conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, which occurred in the second year after the Ascension of our Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of St. Ananias, who was a disciple of our Lord, and baptized the apostle Paul. After he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, Eleutheropolis, and elsewhere, he was scourged under the judge Licinius, had his flesh torn, and lastly being overwhelmed with stones, ended his martyrdom.
In the Auvergne in France, the Saints Praejectus, bishop, and Amarinus, abbot of Doroang, who were murdered by the leading men of that city.
At Antioch, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the holy martyrs Juvenius and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom. On their birthday, St. John Chrysostom preached a sermon to his people.
Also, the holy martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomis in Scythia, St. Bretannio, bishop, who worked in the Church shewing great sanctity and zeal for the Catholic faith, and was at the same time bravely opposed to the Arian emperor Valens.
At Marchiennes in France, St. Poppo, priest and abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 25:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility
The Holy Scripture crieth out to us, brethren, saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled, and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted." In saying this, it teacheth us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the prophet sheweth himself to be on his guard when he saith: "Lord, my heart is not exalted nor mine eyes lifted up; nor have I walked in great things, nor in wonders above me." For why? "If I did not think humbly, but exalted my soul: like a child that is weaned from his mother, so wilt Thou requite my soul." Whence, brethren, if we wish to arrive at the highest point of humility, and speedily to reach that heavenly exaltation to which we can only ascend by the humility of this present life, we must by our ever-ascending actions erect such a ladder * as that which Jacob beheld in his dream, by which the angels appeared to him descending and ascending. This descent and ascent signifieth nothing else than that we descend by self-exaltation and ascend by humility. And the ladder thus erected is our life in the world, which, if the heart be humbled, is lifted up by the Lord to heaven. The sides of the same ladder we understand to be our body and soul, in which our divine vocation hath placed various degrees of humility or discipline, which we must ascend.
Martyrology-January 26th
Roman Martyrology-January 26th-on this date in various years-
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and martyr, who gained the crown of martyrdom on the 23rd of February.
At Hippo in Africa, the holy bishop Theogenes and thirty-six others, who, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life in the persecution of Valerian.
At Bethlehem of Judea, the death of St. Paula, widow, mother of St. Eustochium, a virgin of Christ, who abandoned her worldly prospects, though she was descended from a noble line of senators, distributed her goods to the poor, and retired to our Lord's manger, where, endowed with many virtues, and crowned with a long martyrdom, she departed for the kingdom of heaven. Her admirable life was written by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 26:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man, always keeping the fear of God before his eyes, avoid all forgetfulness; and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, bethinking himself that those who despise God will be consumed in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for them that fear Him. And keeping himself at all times from sin and vice, whether of the thoughts, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or his own will, let him thus hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
Martyrology-January 27th
Roman Martyrology-January 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, confessor and doctor of the Church, and the heavenly patron of preachers, who fell asleep in the Lord on the 14th of September. His holy body was brought to Constantinople on this day in the reign of Theodosius the younger; it was afterwards taken to Rome and placed in the basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of St. Angela Merici, virgin, who belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis, and who founded the Order of the Nuns of St. Ursula, whose principal aim is to direct young girls in the ways of the Lord. By a decree of Pope Pius IX her feast is celebrated on the 31st of May.
At Le Mans in France, the death of St. Julian, the first bishop of that city, who was sent there by St. Peter to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, St. Julian, martyr, who, being arrested in the persecution of Antoninus, was beheaded because a pagan temple had fallen to the ground while he was being tortured.
In Africa, St. Avitus, martyr.
In the same country, the holy martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and their companions, who suffered in the persecution of the Vandals.
Also, the holy martyrs Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others.
At Rome, St. Vitalian, pope.
In the monastery of Bobbio in France, St. Maur, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 27:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let him consider that he is always beheld from heaven by God, and that his actions are everywhere seen by the eye of the Divine Majesty, and are every hour reported to Him by His angels. This the prophet telleth us, when he sheweth how God is ever present in our thoughts, saying: "God searcheth the heart and the reins." And again "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men." And he also saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off"; and "The thought of man shall confess to Thee." In order, therefore, that he may be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother say ever in his heart: "Then shall I be unspotted before Him, if I shall have kept me from mine iniquity."
Martyrology-January 28th
Roman Martyrology-January 28th-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Nolasco, confessor, who founded the Order of Our Lady of Ransom for the redemption of captives, and who fell asleep in the Lord on the 25th of December.
At Rome, the second feast of St. Agnes, virgin and martyr.
At Alexandria, the birthday of St. Cyril, bishop of that city, a most celebrated defender of the Catholic faith, who died in peace, with a great reputation for learning and sanctity. His feast, however, is kept on the ninth of February.
At Rome, St. Flavian, martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, while they were at Mass in the church on this day, were put to death in different ways by the followers of Syrianus, an Arian general.
At Appollonia, the holy martyrs Thrysus, Leucius, and Callinicus, who were made to undergo various torments in the time of Emperor Decius. Thyrsus and Callinicus were beheaded; Leucius, called by a heavenly voice, yielded his soul unto God.
In Thebais, the holy martyrs Leonides and his companions, who obtained the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Valerius, bishop.
At Cuenca in Spain, the birthday of St. Julian, bishop, who, after bestowing the goods of the Church on the poor, like the apostles, supported himself by the work of his hands, and went to his God famous for his miracles.
In the monastery of Rheims in France, the death of the holy priest John, a devout man of God.
In Palestine, St. James, hermit, who hid himself a long time in a sepulchre in order to do penance for a fault he had committed, and, being celebrated for miracles, departed for heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 28:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
We are, indeed, forbidden to do our own will by Scripture, which saith to us: turn away from thine own will. And so too we beg of God in prayer that His will may be done in us. Rightly therefore are we taught not to do our own will, if we take heed to the warning of Scripture: "There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends thereof lead to the depths of hell"; or, again, when we tremble at what is said of the careless: "They are corrupt and have become abominable in their pleasures." And in regard to the desires of the flesh, we must believe that God is always present to us, as the prophet saith to the Lord: "O Lord, all my desire is before Thee."
Martyrology-January 29th
Roman Martyrology-January 29th-on this date in various years-
St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, confessor and doctor of the Church, special patron before God of all Catholic writers in explaining, promoting, or defending Christian doctrine either by publishing journals or other writings in the vernacular. He departed to heaven on the 28th of December, but because of the transfer of his body on this day, his feast is now celebrated.
At Treves, the death of the blessed bishop Valerius, disciple of the apostle St. Peter.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy martyrs Papias and Maur, soldiers under Emperor Diocletian. At their first confession of Christ they had their mouths bruised with stones and were thrown into prison by order of Laodicius, prefect of the city. Afterwards they were beaten with rods and with leaded whips until they expired.
At Perugia, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, St. Constantius, bishop and martyr, who, together with his companions, received the crown of martyrdom for the defence of the faith.
At Milan, St. Aquilinus, priest, who was crowned with martyrdom by having his throat pierced with a sword by the Arians.
At Edessa in Syria, the holy martyrs Sabellus and his sister Barbea, who were baptized by the blessed bishop Barsimaeus, and crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Sabinian, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by command of the emperor Aurelian.
At Bourges, St. Sulpice Severus, bishop, distinguished by his virtues and learning.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Just a reminder that for 2024, today, January 28, is Septuagesima Sunday.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 29:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
Let us be on our guard, then, against evil desires, since death hath its seat close to the entrance of delight; wherefore the Scripture commandeth us, saying: ""Go not after thy concupiscences." Since, therefore, "The eyes of the Lord behold the good and the evil," and "The Lord is ever looking down from heaven upon the children of men, to see who hath understanding or is seeking God, and since the works of our hands are reported to Him day and night by the angels appointed to watch over us; we must be always on the watch, brethren, lest, as the prophet saith in the psalm, God should see us at any time declining to evil and become unprofitable; and lest, though He spare us now, because He is merciful and expecteth our conversion, He should say to us hereafter: "These things thou didst and I held my peace."
Martyrology-January 30th
Roman Martyrology-January 30th-on this date in various years-
St. Martina, virgin and martyr, who is commemorated on her birthday, the first day of this month.
At Edessa in Syria, in the reign of Trajan, St. Barsimaeus, bishop, who converted many Gentiles to the faith, sent them before him to gain their crown, and then followed them with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of the blessed Hippolytus, priest, who for a short time deceived by the Novatian schism, was converted by the grace of Christ, and returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards underwent a glorious martyrdom. Being asked by the schismatics, which was the better side, he said that he detested the doctrine of Novatus, and that the faith which the Chair of Peter taught ought to be professed, after which he was beheaded.
In Africa, the passion of the holy martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Blessed Alexander, a man of venerable aspect and advanced age, who was apprehended in the persecution of Decius. After gloriously and repeatedly confessing the faith, in the midst of torments he gave up his soul unto God.
At Edessa in Syria, St Barsen, bishop, renowned for the gift of healing diseases. For holding to the Catholic faith he was banished by the Arian emperor Valens into the most remote corner of that country, and he there ended his days.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Matthias, bishop, of whom wonderful deeds are related which were inspired by faith. After having endured many trials for Christ under Adrian, he passed away in peace.
At Pavia, St. Armentarius, bishop and confessor.
In Hainaut, in the monastery of Maubeuge, St. Aldegund, virgin, who lived in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, the holy virgin Hyacinth Mariscotti, a nun of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for the virtues of penance and charity. She was inscribed among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
At Milan, St. Savina, a most religious woman, who went to rest in the Lord while praying at the tomb of the holy martyrs Nabor and Felix.
In the district of Paris, St. Bathilde, queen, renowned for the worthiness of her miracles and her sanctity.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 30:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The second degree of humility is, that a man love not his own will, nor delight in fulfilling his own desires; but carry out in his deeds that saying of the Lord: "I came not to do mine own will, but the will of Him Who sent me." And again Scripture saith: "Self-will hath punishment, but necessity wins the crown." *
Martyrology-January 31st
Roman Martyrology-January 31st-on this date in various years-
At Turin,the birthday of St. John Bosco, confessor, founder of the Salesian Congregation and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians. Conspicuous for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
At Rome, on the road to Ostia, the holy martyrs Cyrus and John, who were beheaded after suffering many torments for the name of Christ.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Decius, the birthday of St. Metran, martyr, who, because he refused to utter blasphemous words at the bidding of the pagans, had his body all bruised with blows, and his face and eyes pierced with sharp pointed reeds. He was then driven out of the city and stoned to death.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Also at Alexandria, the holy martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and their companions.
At Cyzicum in the Hellespont, St. Triphenes, martyr, who overcame various torments, but was finally killed by a bull, and thus merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, St. Geminian, bishop, made illustrious by his miracles.
In the province of Milan, St. Julius, priest and confessor, in the reign of the emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, St. Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, confessor, cleric regular of St. Paul, renowned for miracles, heavenly gifts and an admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honour of sainthood.
At Rome, St. Marcella, widow, whose meritorious deeds are related by St. Jerome.
Also at Rome, blessed Louise Albertonia, a Roman widow, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, distinguished for her virtues.
The same day, the transfer of the revered body of the Evangelist St. Mark from the city of Alexandria in Egypt, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and with the greatest honours placed in the large church dedicated to his name.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for January 31:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The third degree of humility is, that a man for the love of God submit himself to his superior in all obedience; imitating the Lord, of Whom the apostle saith: "He was made obedient even unto death."
Martyrology-February 1st
Roman Martyrology-February 1st-on this date in various years-
St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, who gloriously suffered martyrdom on the 20th of December.
At Smyrna, St. Pionius, priest and martyr, who, after writing apologies for the Catholic faith, and after suffering imprisonment in a loathsome dungeon, where by his exhortations he encouraged many of his brethren even to martyrdom, and after enduring excruciating pains from being pierced with nails and laid on a hot fire, ended happily his life for Christ. With him suffered fifteen others.
At Ravenna, the holy bishop Severus, whose great virtues deserved that he should be raised to the episcopate, which action was confirmed with the sign of a dove.
At Trois-Chateaux in France, St. Paul, bishop, whose life was eminent for virtues, and whose death was made precious by miracles.
At Kildare in Ireland, St. Bridget, virgin. Once, when she touched the wood of an altar, it immediately sprouted into life, in testimony of her virginity.
At Castel-Fiorentino in Tuscany, the blessed virgin Veridiana, a recluse of the Order Vallombrosa.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 1:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fourth degree of humility is, that if in this very obedience hard and contrary things, nay even injuries, are done to him, he should embrace them patiently with a quiet conscience, and not grow weary or give in, as the Scripture saith: "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." And again: "Let thy heart be comforted, and wait for the Lord." And shewing how the faithful man ought to bear all things, however contrary, for the Lord, it saith in the person of the afflicted: "For Thee we suffer death all the day long; we are esteemed as sheep for the slaughter." And secure in their hope of the divine reward, they go on with joy, saying: "But in all these things we overcome, through Him Who hath loved us." And so in another place Scripture saith: "Thou hast proved us, O God; Thou hast tried us as silver is tried by fire; Thou hast led us into the snare, and hast laid tribulation on our backs." And in order to shew that we ought to be under a superior, it goes on to say: "Thou hast placed men over our heads." Moreover, fulfilling the precept of the Lord by patience in adversities and injuries, they who are struck on one cheek offer the other: to him who taketh away their coat they leave also their cloak; and being forced to walk one mile, they go two. With Paul the Apostle, they bear with false brethren, and bless those that curse them.
Martyrology-February 2nd
Roman Martyrology-February 2nd-on this date in various years-
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called by the Greeks the Hypapante (meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea in Palestine, St. Cornelius, a centurion, whom the blessed apostle Peter baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in that city.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the passion of St. Apronian,, a notary. While he was yet a heathen, and was leading St. Sisinius out of prison to present him before the governor Laodicius, he head a voice from heaven saying: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess the kingdom which I have prepared for you from the beginning of the world." At once he believed, was baptized, and after confessing our Lord, received sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus and Candidus.
At Orleans in France , the holy bishop Flosculus.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of St. Lawrence, bishop, who succeeded St. Augustine in the government of that church, and converted the king himself to the faith.
At Prati in Tuscany, St. Catherine de Ricci, a virgin of Florence, member of the Order of Preachers, famous for a plenitude of heavenly gifts. Pope Benedict XIV placed her name on the roll of holy virgins.
At Bordeaux in France, St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow, foundress of the Daughters of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for the practice of charity and the care of her girl pupils, and whom Pope Pius XII raised to the number of the saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 2:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The fifth degree of humility is, not to hide from one's Abbot any of the evil thoughts that beset one's heart, or the sins committed in secret, but humbly to confess them. Concerning which the Scripture exhorteth us, saying: "Make known thy way unto the Lord, and hope in Him." And again: "Confess to the Lord, for He is good, and His mercy endureth for ever." So also the prophet saith: "I have made known to Thee mine offence, and mine iniquities I have not hidden. I will confess against myself my iniquities to the Lord: and Thou hast forgiven the wickedness of my heart."
Martyrology-February 3rd
Roman Martyrology-February 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Sebaste in Armenia, in the time of the governor Agricolaus, the passion of St. Blaise, bishop and martyr, who, after working many miracles, was scourged for a long time, suspended from a tree where his flesh was lacerated with iron combs. He was then imprisoned in a dark dungeon, thrown into a lake from which he came out safe, and finally, by order of the judge, he and two boys were beheaded. Before him, seven women who were gathering the drops of his blood during his torture, were recognized as Christians, and after undergoing severe torments, were put to death by the sword.
In Africa, St. Celerinus, deacon, who was kept nineteen days in prison burdened with fetters, and who gloriously confessed Christ in the midst of afflictions. By overcoming the enemy with invincible constancy, he shewed to others the road to victory.
In the same place, three holy martyrs who were relatives of the same deacon Celerinus; his father's brother Laurentinus, his mother's brother Ignatius and his grandmother Celerina. They were crowned with martyrdom earlier, and were praised highly in an epistle by blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and their companions.
In the town of Gap in France, the holy bishops Tigides and Remedius.
At Lyons in France, Saints Lupicinus and Felix, also bishops.
At Bremen, St. Ansgar, bishop of Hamburg and later of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and the Danes to the faith of Christ. He was appointed Apostolic Delegate of all the North by Pope Gregory IV.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 3:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The sixth degree of humility is, for a monk to be contented with the meanest and worst of everything, and in all that is enjoined him to esteem himself a bad and worthless labourer, saying with the prophet: "I have been brought to nothing, and I knew it not: I am become as a beast before Thee, yet I am always with Thee."
Martyrology-February 4th
Roman Martyrology-February 4th-on this date in various years-
St. Andrew Corsini, Carmelite bishop of Fiesole, confessor, whose birthday is the 6th of January.
At Rome, St. Eutychius, who endured a glorious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Pope St. Damasus wrote an epitaph in verse for his tomb.
At Thumis in Egypt, in the persecution of Diocletian, the passion of blessed Philaeus, bishop of that city, and of Philoromus, military tribune, who rejected the exhortations of their relatives and friends to save themselves, offered themselves to death, and so merited immortal palms from God. With them was crowned with martyrdom a numberless multitude of the faithful of the same place, who followed the example of their pastor.
At Fossombrone, the holy martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In Marava Kingdom in India, St. John de Britto, priest of the Society of Jesus, who having converted many infidels to the faith, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom.
At Troyes in France, St. Aventin, priest and confessor.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Isidore, a monk renowned for merit and learning.
At Sempringham in England, St. Gilbert, priest and confessor, who founded a religious order at Sempringham.
In the town of Amatrice, in the diocese of Rieti, the death of St. Joseph of Leonissa, a Capuchin priest who suffered greatly from the Mohammedans. As he was celebrated for his apostolic labours and miracles, he was placed on the list of holy confessors by the Sovereign Pontiff, Benedict XIV.
At Bremen, the commemoration of St. Rembert, who was a disciple of St. Ansgar, and on this day took his place as bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, the day after the death of his master.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, St. Jane de Valois, Queen of France, foundress of the Order of Sisters of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for her piety and singular devotion to the Cross, whom Pope Pius XII added to the catalogue of saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 4:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The seventh degree of humility is, that he should not only call himself with his tongue lower and viler than all, but also believe himself in his inmost heart to be so, humbling himself, and saying with the prophet: "I am a worm and no man, the shame of men and the outcast of the people: I have been exalted, and cast down, and confounded." And again: "It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy commandments."
Martyrology-February 5th
Roman Martyrology-February 5th-on this date in various years-
At Catana in Sicily, in the time of Emperor Decius and the judge Quinctian, the birthday of St. Agatha, virgin and martyr. After being buffeted, imprisoned, tortured, racked, dragged over pieces of earthenware and burning coals, and having her breasts cut away, she completed her sacrifice in prison while engaged in prayer.
At Nagasaki in Japan, the passion of twenty-six martyrs. Three priests, one cleric, and two lay brothers were members of the Order of Friars Minor; one cleric was of the Society of Jesus, and seventeen belonged to the Third Order of St. Francis. All of them, placed upon crosses for the Catholic faith, and pierced with lances, gloriously died in praising God and preaching that same faith. Their names were added to the roll of saints by Pope Pius IX.
In Pontus, during the persecution of Maximian, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom had molten lead poured on them, others had sharp reeds thrust under their nails, and were often horribly tormented in many other ways. Thus, by their glorious suffering, they deserved to receive at the hands of God palms of victory and their crowns.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Decius, St. Isidore, martyr, who was beheaded for the faith of Christ by Numerian, general of the army.
At Vienne, blessed Avitus, bishop and confessor, whose faith, labours, and admirable learning protected France against the ravages of the Arian heresy.
At Sabion in the Tyrol, St. Genuinus, bishop, whose illustrious life abounded in miracles. His revered body was afterwards taken to Brixen where a shrine was erected in his honour.
At Brixen, St. Albinus, bishop, who moved the Episcopal See from Sabion to that city, and there, eminent by virtue of his miracles, passed to the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 5:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eighth degree of humility is, for a monk to do nothing except what is authorised by the common rule of the monastery, or the example of his seniors.
Martyrology-February 6th
Roman Martyrology-February 6th-on this date in various years-
St. Titus, confessor and bishop of Crete, whose birthday is on the fourth of January.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of St. Dorothy, virgin and martyr, who was stretched on the rack, then scourged for a long time with the boughs of a palm tree, and finally condemned to capital punishment by Sapricius, governor of the province. Her noble confession of Christ converted a lawyer named Theophilus, who also was tortured in a barbarous manner, and finally put to death by the sword.
At Emessa in Phoenicia, in the time of Emperor Maximian, St. Silvanus, bishop, who, after having governed that church for forty years, was delivered to the beasts with two other Christians, and having his limbs all mangled, received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Caturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
In Auvergne in France, St. Atholian, martyr.
At Arras in France, St. Vedast, bishop of that city. The glory of his life and death is attested by many miracles.
At Elnon in France, St. Amand, bishop of Maestricht, who was renowned for his miracles during his life and in death. In the town which was named after him, he lived and died in a monastery that he had built.
At Bologna, St. Guarinus, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal, conspicuous for his holiness of life.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 6:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The ninth degree of humility is, that a monk refrain his tongue from speaking, keeping silence until a question be asked him, as the Scripture sheweth: "In much talking thou shalt not avoid sin": and, "The talkative man shall not be directed upon the earth."
Martyrology-February 7th
Roman Martyrology-February 7th-on this date in various years-
St. Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese monks, whose birthday is the 19th of June, but celebrated today because of the transference of his body.
At London, England, the birthday of blessed Augulus, bishop, who ended the course of his life by martyrdom, and deserved to receive an eternal recompense.
In Phrygia, St. Adaucus, martyr, an Italian of noble birth, who was honoured by the emperors with almost every dignity. While he was still discharging the office of quæstor, he was judged worthy of the crown of martyrdom for his defence of the faith.
Also, many holy martyrs, citizens of this same city of which Adaucus was mayor. As they were all Christians, and persisted in the confession of the faith, they were burned to death by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in the reign of Licinius, St. Theodore, a military officer, who was beheaded after undergoing many torments, and went victoriously to heaven.
In Egypt, St. Moses, a venerable bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert, and afterwards, at the request of Mauvia, queen of the Saracens, converted to the faith the greater part of that barbarous people. Being made a bishop, and rich in merits, he peacefully went to his reward.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the death of St. Richard, king of England. He was the father of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt, and of St. Walburga, virgin.
At Bologna, St. Juliana, widow.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 7:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The tenth degree of humility is, that he be not easily moved and prompt to laughter; because it is written: "The fool lifteth up his voice in laughter.
Martyrology-February 8th
Roman Martyrology-February 8th-on this date in various years-
St. John of Matha, priest and confessor, founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives, who went to repose in the Lord on the 17th of December.
At Somascha, in the district of Bergamo, the birthday of St. Jerome Emilian, confessor, who was the founder of the Congregation of Somascha. Illustrious both during his life and after death for many miracles, he was inscribed in the roll of the saints by Pope Clement XIII. Pope Pius XI chose and declared him to be the heavenly patron of orphans and abandoned children. His feast is celebrated on the 20th of July.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Denis, Aemilian, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy martyrs, monks of the monastery of Dius. While bringing the letter of Pope St. Felix against Acacius, they were barbarously killed for their defence of the Catholic faith.
In Persia, in the time of King Cabades, the commemoration of the holy martyrs, who were put to death by various kinds of torments on account of their Christian faith.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Decius, the martyr St. Cointha, whom the pagans seized, led to the idols, and urged to adore them. As she refused with horror, they put her feet in chains, and dragged her through the streets of the city, mangling her body in a most barbarous manner.
At Pavia, St. Juventius, bishop, who laboured with zeal in preaching the Gospel.
At Milan, the death of St. Honoratus, bishop and confessor.
At Verdun in France, St. Paul, a bishop renowned for his miracles.
At Muret, near Limoges, the birthday of the abbot St. Stephen, founder of the order of Grandmont, celebrated for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, blessed Peter, cardinal and bishop of Albano, a member of the Congregation of Vallombrosa of the Order of St. Benedict. He was surnamed Igneus because he passed through fire unharmed.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 8:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The eleventh degree of humility is, that when a monk speaketh, he do so gently and without laughter, humbly, gravely, with few and reasonable words, and that he be not noisy in his speech, as it is written: "A wise man is known by the fewness of his words."
Martyrology-February 9th
Roman Martyrology-February 9th-on this date in various years-
St. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, confessor and doctor of the Church. His birthday was mentioned on the 28th of January.
At Alexandria, in the reign of Decius, the birthday of St. Apollonia, virgin, who had all her teeth broken out by the persecutors; then, having constructed and lighted a pyre, they threatened to burn her alive unless sheuttered with them certain impious words. Deliberating a while within herself, she suddenly slipped from their grasp, and prompted by the greater fire of the Holy Ghost within her, she rushed voluntarily into the fire which they had prepared. Those responsible for her death were struck with terror at the sight of a woman who was more willing to die than they to kill her.
At Rome, the passion of the holy martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others crowned with him.
In the village of Lamelum in Africa, the holy martyrs Primus and Donatus, deacons, who were killed by the Donatists as they guarded the altar in the church.
At Solum in Cyprus, the holy martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, under Emperor Valerian, St. Nicephorus, martyr, who was beheaded and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Ansbert, bishop of Rouen.
At Canossa in Apulia, St. Sabinus, bishop and confessor. Blessed Pope Gregory tells that he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the power of miracles. After he had become blind, when a cup of poison was offered to him by a servant who was bribed, he knew it by divine instinct. He, however, declared that God would punish the one who had bribed the servant, and, making the sign of the cross, he drank the poison without anxiety and without harmful effect.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 9:
CHAPTER VII
Of Humility (cont.)
The twelfth degree of humility is, that the monk, not only in his heart, but also in his very exterior, always shew his humility to all who see him: that is, in the work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the field or wherever he may be, whether sitting, walking or standing, with head always bent down, and eyes fixed on the earth, that he ever think of the guilt of his sins, and imagine himself already present before the terrible judgment-seat of God: always saying in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: "Lord, I a sinner am not worthy to raise mine eyes to heaven." And again, with the prophet: "I am bowed down and humbled on every side."
Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear: whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom, all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear: no longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.
Martyrology-February 10th
Roman Martyrology-February 10th-on this date in various years-
On Monte Cassino, St. Scholastica, virgin, whose soul was seen by her brother, St. Benedict, abbot, leaving her body in the form of a dove, and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinth, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Via Lavicana, ten holy soldiers, martyrs.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, St. Soter, virgin and martyr, descended of a noble family, but as St. Ambrose mentions, for the love of Christ she set at naught the consular and other dignitaries of her people. Upon her refusal to sacrifice to the gods, she was for a long time cruelly scourged. She overcame these and various other torments, then was struck with the sword; and joyfully went to her heavenly spouse.
In Campania, St. Silvanus, bishop and confessor.
At Malavalle, near Siena, St. William, hermit.
In the diocese of Rouen, St. Austreberta, virgin, renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 10:
CHAPTER VIII
Of the Divine Office at Night
In winter time, that is, from the first of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what may be reasonably calculated to be the eighth hour of the night;* so that having rested till some time past midnight, they may rise having had their full sleep. And let the time that remains after the Night-Office be spent in study by those brethren who have still some part of the Psalter and lessons to learn. But from Easter to the first of November let the hour for the Night-Office be so arranged that, after a very short interval, during which the brethren may go out for the necessities of nature, Lauds, which are to be said at day-break, may follow without delay.
Martyrology-February 11th
Roman Martyrology-February 11th-on this date in various years-
At Lourdes in France, the apparition of Blessed Mary, Virgin Immaculate.
At Adrianople, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, and his companions. Lucius suffered much from the Arians under Constantius, and completed his martyrdom in prison. The others, among the foremost citizens, refusing to communicate with the Arians, who were just condemned in the Council of Sardica, were sentenced to capital punishment by the count Philagrius.
In Africa, during the persecution of Diocletian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, a priest, Davitus, Felix, Ampelius, and their companions. They had, as was their custom, assembled for Mass when they were seized by the soldiers and put to death, under the proconsul Anolinus.
In Numidia, in the same persecution, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, refusing after their apprehension to deliver the holy Scriptures in conformity with an imperial edict, were given over to most painful torments and slain.
At Rome, Pope St. Gregory II, who courageously withstood the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent St. Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Also at Rome, Pope St. Paschal I, who raised many bodies of the holy martyrs from their crypts, and buried them with honour in various churches in the city.
At Ravenna, St. Calocerus, bishop and confessor.
At Milan, St. Lazarus, bishop.
At Capua, St. Castrensis, bishop.
At Chateau Landon in France, St. Severin, abbot of the monastery of Agaune, by whose prayers the Christian king Clovis was delivered from a long sickness.
In Egypt, St. Jonas, a monk, eminent for his virtues.
At Vienne in France, the translation of the body of St. Desiderius, bishop and martyr, from the district of Lyons where he had died on the 23rd of May.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 11:
CHAPTER IX
How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office
In winter time, after beginning with the verse, "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," with the Gloria, let the words, "O Lord, Thou wilt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise," be next repeated thrice; then the third Psalm, with a Gloria, after which the ninety-fourth Psalm is to be said or sung, with an antiphon. Next let a hymn follow, and then six Psalms with antiphons. These being said, and also a versicle, let the Abbot give the blessing and, all being seated, let three lessons be read by the brethren in turns, from the book on the lectern. Between the lessons let three responsories be sung - two of them without a Gloria, but after the third let the reader say the Gloria: and as soon as he begins it, let all rise from their seats out of honour and reverence to the Holy Trinity. Let the divinely inspired books, both of the Old and New Testaments, be read at the Night-Office, and also the commentaries upon them written by the most renowned, orthodox and Catholic Fathers. After these three lessons with their responsories, let six more Psalms follow, to be sung with an Alleluia. Then let a lesson from the Apostle be said by heart, with a verse and the petition of the Litany, that is, Kyrie eleison. And so let the Night-Office come to an end.
Martyrology-February 12th
Roman Martyrology-February 12th-on this date in various years-
The seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose deaths are noted on their respective days. As one spirit of true fraternal love united them in life, and as the people joined them together in the same veneration after death, Pope Leo XIII placed them together in the catalogue of the saints.
In Africa, St. Damian, soldier and martyr.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy children Modestus and Ammonius, martyrs.
At Barcelona in Spain, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, St. Eulalia, virgin, who, being racked, torn with iron hooks, cast into the fire, and crucified, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Meletius, bishop of Antioch, who often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, and finally died at Constantinople and went to his reward. His virtues have been extolled by St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Also at Constantinople, St. Anthony, a bishop in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, St. Gaudentius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 12:
CHAPTER X
How the Night-Office is to be said in Summer Time
From Easter to the first of November let the same number of Psalms be recited as prescribed above; only that no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the night: but instead of those three lessons let one from the Old Testament be said by heart, followed by a short responsory, and the rest as before laid down; so that never less than twelve Psalms, not counting the third and ninety-fourth, be said at the Night-Office.
Martyrology-February 13th
Roman Martyrology-February 13th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Agabus, prophet, of whom mention is made by St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Benignus, priest and martyr, who would not cease spreading the Christian faith. In the reign of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian he was taken by the pagans, suffered various tortures, and finally reached the perfection of his priestly office with the honour of martyrdom.
At Meletine in Armenia, in the persecution of Decius, St. Polyeuctus, who, after many sufferings, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Julian, martyr.
At Ravenna, in the time of Emperor Decius and the governor Quinctian, the Saints Fusca, virgin, and Maura, her nurse. They endured many afflictions, but were finally transfixed with a sword, and thus ended their martyrdom.
At Lyons in France, St. Stephen, bishop and confessor.
At Rieti, the abbot St. Stephen, a man of wonderful patience, at whose death, as is related by blessed Pope Gregory, the holy angels were present and visible to all.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 13:
CHAPTER XI
How the Night-Office is to be said on Sundays
On Sunday let the brethren rise earlier for the Night-Office, which is to be arranged as follows. When six Psalms and a versicle have been sung (as already prescribed), all being seated in order in their stalls, let four lessons with their responsories be read from the book, as before: and to the last responsory only let the reader add a Gloria, all reverently rising as soon as he begins it. After the lessons let six more Psalms follow in order, with their antiphons and versicle as before; and then let four more lessons, with their responsories, be read in the same way as the former. Next let three canticles from the Prophets be said, as the Abbot shall appoint, which canticles are to be sung with an Alleluia. After the versicle, and the blessing given by the Abbot, let four more lessons from the New Testament be read as before; and at the end of the fourth responsory, let the Abbot begin the hymn, Te Deum laudamus. After the hymn, let the Abbot read the lesson from the Gospel, while all stand in awe and reverence. The Gospel being ended, let all answer Amen. Then let the Abbot go on with the hymn, Te decet laus; and after the blessing hath been given,* let them begin Lauds. This order for the Night-Offices is always to be observed on Sunday, alike in summer and in winter, unless perchance (which God forbid) they rise too late, in which case the lessons or responsories must be somewhat shortened.* Let all care, however, be taken that this do not happen; but if it should, let him, through whose neglect it hath come to pass, make satisfaction for it in the oratory.
Martyrology-February 14th
Roman Martyrology-February 14th-on this date in various years-
For 2024 Ash-Wednesday, and the beginning of the fast of the most holy season of Lent.
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, in the time of Emperor Claudius, the birthday of St. Valentine, priest and martyr, who after having cured and instructed many persons, was beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In the same place, St. Cyril, bishop, who together with his brother Methodius, also a bishop, whose birthday is the 6th of April, brought many people and the rulers of Moravia to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th of July.
Also at Rome, the holy martyrs Vitalis, Felicula and Zeno.
At Teramo, St. Valentine, bishop and martyr, who was scourged, committed to prison, and, because he remained unshaken in his faith, was taken out of his dungeon in the dead of night and beheaded by order of Placidus, prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Cyrion, priest; Bassian, lector; Agatho, exorcist; and Moses, who perished in the flames and took their flight to heaven.
At Teramo, the holy martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping watch at the body of St. Valentine, were arrested and put to the sword by command of the consular officer, Leontius.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Bassus, Anthony, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Also at Alexandria, the Saints Denis and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Nostrian, bishop, who was outstanding for his defence of the Catholic faith against heretical errors.
At Ravenna, St. Eleuchadius, bishop and confessor.
In Bithynia, St. Auxentius, abbot.
At Sorrento, St. Anthony, abbot, who, when the monastery of Monte Cassino was devastated by the Lombards, withdrew into a solitude of the neighbourhood, where, celebrated for his holiness, he went calmly to his repose in God. His body is daily glorified by many miracles, especially by the deliverance of possessed persons.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 14:
CHAPTER XII
How the Solemn Office of Lauds is to be said
At Lauds on Sunday let the sixty-sixth Psalm first be said straight on without an antiphon. After this let the fiftieth Psalm be said, with an Alleluia, and then the hundred and seventeenth and the sixty-second. Then the Benedicite and Psalms of praise,* a lesson from the Apocalypse, said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, and the Litany, and so end.
Martyrology-February 15th
Roman Martyrology-February 15th-on this date in various years-
At Brescia, in the time of Emperor Adrian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, who received the triumphant crown of martyrdom after many glorious combats for the faith of Christ.
At Rome, St. Craton, martyr. A short time after being baptized with his wife and all his household by the holy bishop Valentine, he was put to death with them.
At Teramo, the birthday of the holy martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, St. Agape, virgin and martyr.
At Vaison in France, St. Quinidius, bishop, whose death was precious in the sight of God, as is shewn by frequent miracles.
At Capua, St. Decorosus, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Valeria, St. Severus, priest, of whom St. Gregory says that by his tears he recalled a dead man to life.
At Antioch, St. Joseph, deacon.
In Auvergne in France, St. Georgia, virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 15:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days
On week-days let Lauds be celebrated in the manner following. Let the sixty-sixth Psalm be said without an antiphon, as on Sundays, and somewhat slowly, in order that all may be in time for the fiftieth, which is to be said with an antiphon. After this let two other Psalms be said according to custom; that is, on Monday, the fifth and thirty-fifth: on Tuesday, the forty-second and fifty-sixth: on Wednesday, the sixty-third and sixty-fourth: on Thursday, the eighty-seventh and eighty-ninth: on Friday, the seventy-fifth and ninety-first: and on Saturday, the hundred and forty-second and the Canticle from Deuteronomy, which must be divided into two Glorias. But on the other days let canticles from the prophets be said, each on its proper day, according to the practice of the Roman Church. Then let the Psalms of praise follow, and after them a lesson from the Apostle, to be said by heart, a responsory, a hymn, a versicle, a canticle out of the Gospel, the Litany, and so conclude.
Martyrology-February 16th
Roman Martyrology-February 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, blessed Onesimus, concerning whom the apostle St. Paul wrote to Philemon. He made him bishop of Ephesus after St. Timothy and committed to him the office of preaching. Being led a prisoner to Rome, and stoned to death for the faith of Christ, he was first buried there, but his body was afterwards taken to the place where he had been bishop.
In Egypt, St. Julian, martyr, with five thousand other Christians.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Elias, Jeremias, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel. These Egyptians of their own accord ministered to the confessors condemned to labour in the mines of Cilicia, but were arrested upon their return, and after being cruelly tortured by the governor Firmilian, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were put to the sword. After them, St. Porphyry, servant of the martyr Pamphilus, and St. Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had been triumphant in several previous tests, being again tortured, now won the crown of martyrdom, the one by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr. Under Emperor Maximian, she was first severely scourged by her own father, Africanus, and then made to suffer many torments by the prefect Evilasius, whom she had refused to marry. Later thrown into prison, she encountered the evil spirit in a visible manner. Finally, because the fiery furnace and a caldron of boiling oil could do her no injury, her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading. Her body was later transferred to Cumi in Campania.
At Brescia, St. Faustinus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 16:
CHAPTER XIII
How Lauds are to be said on Week-days(cont.)
The Office of Lauds and Vespers, however, must never conclude without the Lord's Prayer being said aloud by the Superior, so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal* which are wont to arise; so that the brethren, by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say "Forgive us as we forgive," may cleanse themselves of such faults. But at the other Offices let the last part only of the prayer be said aloud, so that all may answer, "But deliver us from evil."
Martyrology-February 17th
Roman Martyrology-February 17th-on this date in various years-
In Florence, the birthday of St. Alexis Falconieri, confessor, one of the seven founders of the Order of the Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the one hundred and tenth year of his age, he ended his blessed career in the consoling presence of Christ Jesus and the angels. His feast, with that of his companions, is kept on the 12th of February.
At Rome, the passion of St. Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to receive the crown of martyrdom.
In Persia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Polychronius, bishop of Babylon, who, being struck in the mouth with stones, died with hands outstretched and eyes lifted towards heaven.
At Concordia, the holy martyrs Donatus, Secundian, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, partakers of the same crown.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the death of St. Theodulus, in the service of the governor Firmilian, at a great age. Prompted by the example of the martyrs, he confessed Christ with constancy, and was nailed to a cross. By this noble victory he merited the palm of martyrdom.
In the same place, St. Julian the Cappadocian, who, because he had kissed the relics of martyrs, was denounced as a Christian. Being taken to the governor, he was ordered to be burned to death over a slow fire.
In the territory of Terouanne in France, St. Silvinus, bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Cluainedhech in Ireland, St. Fintan, abbot.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 17
CHAPTER XIV
How the Night-Office is to be said on Saints' Days
On the Festivals of Saints, and all other solemnities, let the Office be ordered as we have prescribed for Sundays: except that the Psalms, antiphons and lessons suitable to the day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have appointed above.
Martyrology-February 18th
Roman Martyrology-February 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, the birthday of St. Simeon, bishop and martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas, and a relative of the Saviour according to the flesh. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem after St. James, the cousin of our Lord. In the persecution of Trajan, after having endured many torments, his martyrdom was completed. All who were present, even the judge himself, were astonished that a man one hundred and twenty years of age could bear the torment of crucifixion with such fortitude and constancy.
At Ostia, the holy martyrs Maximus and his brother Claudius, and Praepedigna, the wife of Claudius, with her two sons Alexander and Cutias. Although all of a noble birth, by the order of Diocletian, they were apprehended and sent into exile. Afterwards being burned alive, they offered to God the sweet sacrifice of martyrdom. Their remains were cast into the river, but the Christians found them and buried them near the city.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Lucius, Sylvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, St. Flavian, bishop, who, for having defended the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was attacked with slaps and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and then driven into exile where he died within three days.
At Toledo, Spain, St. Helladius , bishop and confessor, who received much praise from St. Ildefonse, Bishop of Toledo.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 18:
CHAPTER XV
At what times of the year Alleluia is to be said
From the holy Feast of Easter until Pentecost, without interruption, let Alleluia be said both with the Psalms and the responsories. From Pentecost until the beginning of Lent it is to be said at the Night-Office with the six latter Psalms only. But on every Sunday out of Lent let the Canticles,* Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext and None be said with Alleluia: Vespers, however, with an antiphon. The responses are never to be said with Alleluia, except from Easter to Pentecost.
Martyrology-February 19th
Roman Martyrology-February 19th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of St. Gavinus, priest and martyr, brother of blessed Pope Caius. After being chained in prison for a long time by Diocletian, he obtained the joys of heaven by his esteemed death.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of the holy monks and other martyrs who were barbarously massacred for the faith of Christ by the Saracens, under their leader Almondhar.
At Naples in Campania, St. Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage. The Arian king Genseric placed him together with his clergy into boats which were broken and without oars and sails, but they unexpectedly reached Naples. He died in exile as a confessor.
At Jerusalem, St. Zambdas, bishop.
At Soli in Cyprus, St. Auxibius, bishop.
At Benevento, St. Barbatus, a bishop illustrious for sanctity, who converted the Lombards and their chief to the faith of Christ.
At Milan, St. Mansuetus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 19:
CHAPTER XVI
How the Work of God is to be done in the day-time
As the prophet saith: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee." And we shall observe this sacred number of seven if, at the times of Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, we fulfil the duties of our service. For it was of these hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day have I given praise to Thee"; just as the same prophet saith of the night watches: "At midnight I arose to give Thee praise." At these times, therefore, let us sing the praises of our Creator for the judgments of His justice: that is, at Lauds, Prime, Tierce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline; and at night let us arise to praise Him.
Martyrology-February 20th
Roman Martyrology-February 20th-on this date in various years-
At Tyre in Phoenicia, the commemoration of many blessed martyrs, whose number is known to God alone. Under Emperor Diocletian, they were put to death after a long and varied series of torments by the military commander Veturius. They first had their bodies torn with scourges, then delivered to several different kinds of beasts. Providence prevented their injury throughout all this, but their martyrdom was granted by means of fire and the sword. Tyrannio, Sylvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, all bishops, and Zenobius, a priest, urged the gloriously assembled multitude to victory, and they all endured the test successfully to win the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Eleutherius, bishop and martyr.
In Persia, in the time of King Sapor, the birthday of St. Sadoth, bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others who refused to adore the sun, but who by a cruel death purchased shining crowns.
In the island of Cyprus, the holy martyrs Pothamius and Nemesius.
At Catania in Sicily, St. Leo, bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
The same day, St. Eucherius, bishop of Orleans, who, the more he was oppressed by the calumnies of the envious, the more he impressed them with his miracles.
At Tournai in Belgium, St. Eleutherius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 20:
CHAPTER XVII
How many Psalms are to be sung at these Hours
We have now disposed the order of the psalmody for the Night-Office and for Lauds: let us proceed to arrange for the remaining Hours. At Prime, let three Psalms be said separately and not under one Gloria. The hymn at this Hour is to follow the verse, Deus in adjutorium, before the Psalms be begun. Then at the end of the three Psalms, let one lesson be said, with a versicle, the Kyrie eleison, and the Collect.* Tierce, Sext and None are to be recited in the same way, that is, the verse, the hymn proper to each Hour, three Psalms, the lesson and versicle, Kyrie eleison, with the Collect. If the community be large, let the Psalms be sung with antiphons: but if small, let them be sung straight forward.* Let the Vesper Office consist of four Psalms with antiphons: after the Psalms a lesson is to be recited; then a responsory, a hymn and versicle, the canticle from the Gospel, the Litany and Lord's Prayer, and finally the Collect. Let Compline consist of the recitation of three Psalms to be said straight on without antiphons; then the hymn for that Hour, one lesson, the versicle, Kyrie eleison, the blessing and the Collect.
Martyrology-February 21st
Roman Martyrology-February 21st-on this date in various years-
At Scythopolis in Palestine, St. Severian, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by the Eutychians because he opposed them so zealously.
In Sicily, in the reign of Diocletian, the birthday of seventy-nine holy martyrs, who, by reason of various tortures for their confession of faith, deserved to receive an immortal crown.
At Adrumetum in Africa, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy martyrs, Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who were crowned with martyrdom for professing the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, St. Peter Mavimenus, who was killed by some Arabs who visited him in his sickness, because he said to them: "Whoever does not embrace the Christian and Catholic faith is lost, like your false prophet Mohammed."
At Metz in France, St. Felix, bishop.
At Brescia, St. Paterius, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 21:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said
First of all let this verse be said: "O God, come to my assistance; O Lord, make haste to help me," and the Gloria, followed by the hymn proper to each Hour. At Prime on Sunday four parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm are to be said. At the other Hours, that is, Tierce, Sext and None, let three parts of the same Psalm be said. At Prime on Monday let three Psalms be said, namely, the first, second and sixth and so in the same way every day until Sunday let three Psalms be said at Prime in order, up to the nineteenth; the ninth and seventeenth, however, being divided into two Glorias. It will thus come about that at the Night-Office on Sunday we shall always begin with the twentieth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 22nd
Roman Martyrology-February 22nd-on this date in various years-
The Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza in Emilia, the birthday of St. Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia and confessor. He was a Camaldolese monk, famous for his learning and sanctity, whom Pope Leo XII declared a doctor of the universal Church. His feast is celebrated tomorrow.
At Salamis in Cyprus, St. Aristio, who (says Papias, the next to be mentioned) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis in Phrygia, blessed Papias, bishop of that city, who was a companion of Polycarp and a disciple of St. John.
In Arabia, the commemoration of many holy martyrs who were barbarously put to death under Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Alexandria, St. Abilias, bishop, who was the second shepherd of that city after St. Mark, and who administered his charge with eminent piety.
At Vienne in France, St. Paschasius, bishop, celebrated for his learning and holy life.
At Ravenna, St. Maximian, bishop and confessor.
At Cortona in Tuscany, St. Margaret of the Third Order of St. Francis. By means of commendable penance and fruitful tears, she wiped away the stains of her previous life. Her body miraculously remained incorrupt for more than four centures, giving forth a sweet odour, and producing frequent miracles. It is honoured in that place with great devotion.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 22:
CHAPTER XVIII
In what order the Psalms are to be said(cont.)
At Tierce, Sext and None on Monday are to be said the nine remaining parts of the hundred and eighteenth Psalm, three parts at each Hour. This Psalm having thus been said through in two days, that is, Sunday and Monday, let the nine Psalms from the hundred and nineteenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh be said on Tuesday at Tierce, Sext and None - three at each Hour. And these Psalms are to be repeated at the same Hours every day until Sunday; the arrangement, moreover, of hymns, lessons and versicles remaining the same throughout, so as always to begin on Sunday from the hundred and eighteenth Psalm.
Martyrology-February 23rd
Roman Martyrology-February 23rd-on this date in various years-
St. Peter Damian, a Camaldolese monk, cardinal bishop of Ostia, confessor and doctor of the Church, who died on the 22nd of February.
At Smyrna, the birthday of St. Polycarp, a disciple of St. John the Apostle, by whom he was consecrated bishop of that city, and appointed primate of all Asia. Under Marcus Antonius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, when the proconsul and all those assembled in the amphitheatre cried out against him, he was delivered to the fire, but since it did not harm him, he received the crown of martyrdom by the sword. With him, twelve others who came from Philadelphia met their death by martyrdom in the same city. The feast of St. Polycarp is kept on the 26th of January.
At Sirmio, blessed Sirenus, monk and martyr. He was arrested by order of Emperor Maximian and beheaded for confessing that he was a Christian.
In the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy martyrs, who suffered martyrdom in the same city and who took possession of the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga in Spain, St. Martha, virgin and martyr, under Emperor Decius and the proconsul Paternus. She was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and was finally slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, St. Lazarus, monk. The Iconoclast emperor Theophilus commanded him to be tortured with severe punishments because he had painted some sacred pictures. His hand was burned with a hot iron, but it was healed by the power of God, after which he repainted the holy pictures that had been destroyed. He ended his life in peace.
At Brescia, St. Felix, bishop.
At Rome, St. Polycarp, priest, who with blessed Sebastian converted many to the faith of Christ, and by his exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville in Spain, St. Florentius, confessor.
At Todi in Umbria, St. Romana, virgin, who was baptized by Pope St. Sylvester, led a life of holiness in dens and caves, and wrought glorious miracles.
In England, St. Milburga, virgin, the daughter of the king of Mercia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 23:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
Vespers are to be sung every day with four Psalms. And let these begin from the hundred and ninth, and go on to the hundred and forty-seventh, omitting those of their number that are set apart for other Hours - that is, from the hundred and seventeenth to the hundred and twenty-seventh, the hundred and thirty-third, and the hundred and forty-second. All the rest are to be said at Vespers. And as there are three Psalms wanting, let those of the aforesaid number which are somewhat long be divided, namely the hundred and thirty-eighth, the hundred and forty-third, and the hundred and forty-fourth. But let the hundred and sixteenth, as it is short, be joined to the hundred and fifteenth. The order of the Psalms at Vespers being thus disposed, let the rest, that is, the lessons, responses, hymns, verses and canticles, be said as already laid down. At Compline the same Psalms are to be repeated every day: namely the fourth, ninetieth, and hundred and thirty-third.
Martyrology-February 24th
Roman Martyrology-February 24th-on this date in various years-
For 2024, due to the leap year, the martyrology is:
The Vigil of St. Matthias the Apostle.
Also the commemoration of many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 24:
CHAPTER XVIII
In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said (cont.)
The order of psalmody for the Day-Hours being now arranged, let all the remaining 25 Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night- Offices, dividing the longer Psalms among them, and assigning twelve to each night. Above all, we recommend that if this arrangement of the Psalms be displeasing to anyone, he should, if he think fit, order it otherwise; taking care in any case that the whole Psalter of a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, and always begun afresh at the Night-Office on Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves very slothful in the divine service who said in the course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with the usual canticles; since we read that our holy fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week.
Martyrology-February 25th
Roman Martyrology-February 25th-on this date in various years-
For 2024, due to leap year, the martyrology is:
In Judea, the birthday of St. Matthias the Apostle. After the Ascension of our Lord, the Apostles chose him, by lot, to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and he suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, St. Primitiva, martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of St. Praetextatus, bishop and martyr.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Sergius, martyr, of whose life a beautiful account still exists.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions. They were disciples of St. Cyprian and suffered martyrdom under Emperor Valerian.
At Treves, St. Modestus, bishop and confessor.
At Stylo in Calabria, St. John Therestus, noted for his sanctity, and his high regard for the monastic life.
In England, St. Ethelbert, ruler of Kent, converted to the faith of Christ by the English bishop, St. Augustine.
At Jerusalem, the finding for the first time of the head of St. John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 25:
CHAPTER XIX
Of the Manner of Reciting the Psalter
We believe that God is present everywhere and that the eyes of the Lord behold the good and the bad in every place (cf Prov 15:3). Let us firmly believe this, especially when we take part in the Work of God. Let us, therefore, always be mindful of what the Prophet saith, "Serve ye the Lord with fear" (Ps 2:11). And again, "Sing ye wisely" (Ps 46[47]. And, "I will sing praise to Thee in the sight of the angels" (Ps 137[138]:1). Therefore, let us consider how it becometh us to behave in the sight of God and His angels, and let us so stand to sing, that our mind may be in harmony with our voice.
Martyrology-February 26th
Roman Martyrology-February 26th-on this date in various years-
For 2024 due to leap year the martyrology is:
In Egypt, under Emperor Numerian, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias. After patiently enduring extreme tortures, the first two were beheaded for the confession of the faith, Nicephorus was laid on a heated gridiron, placed over the fire, then thoroughly hacked with a knife; Claudian and Dioscorus were burned at the stake; Serapion and Papias were slain with the sword.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herenas, and their companions.
At Constantinople, St. Tharasius, bishop, a man of great learning and piety. There exists a letter defending sacred images, written to him by Pope Hadrian I.
At Nazianzus, St. Caesarius, who was the son of blessed Nonna, and whom his brother, blessed Gregory the Theologian, says he saw among the hosts of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the Eichstadt diocese in Germany, St. Walburga, virgin. She was the daughter of St. Richard, king of England, and sister of St. Willebald, bishop of Eichstadt.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 26:
CHAPTER XX
Of Reverence at Prayer
If, when we wish to make any request to men in power, we presume not to do so except with humility and reverence; how much more ought we with all lowliness and purity of devotion to offer our supplications to the Lord God of all things? And let us remember that not for our much speaking, but for our purity of heart and tears of compunction shall we be heard. Our prayer, therefore, ought to be short and pure, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of Divine Grace. But let prayer made in common always be short: and at the signal given by the Superior, let all rise together.
Martyrology-February 27th
Roman Martyrology-February 27th-on this date in various years-
For 2024, due to leap year, the martyrology is:
At Pergen in Pamphylia, during the persecution of Decius, the birthday of blessed Nestor, bishop, who praying night and day for the safety of the flock of Christ, was put under arrest. Because he confessed the Name of the Lord with great zeal and freedom, he was cruelly tortured on the rack by order of Pollio the governor. When he still courageously proclaimed that he would remain ever faithful to Christ, he was crucified, and thus triumphantly went to heaven.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded St. Nestor to martyrdom.
Also, the holy martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Bishop St. Alexander, an aged man held in great honour, who succeeded blessed Peter as bishop of that city. He expelled Arius, one of his priests, from the Church because he was tainted with heretical ímpiety and convicted in the face of divine truth. Later on he was one of the three hundred and eighteen Fathers who condemned him in the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, the bishop St. Faustinian. His preaching strengthened and multiplied the faithful of that church when it was so much afflicted during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Gaza in Palestine, St. Porphyry, bishop, in the time of Emperor Arcadius. He overthrew the idol Marna and its temple, and after many sufferings, went to his rest in the Lord.
At Florence, St. Andrew, bishop and confessor.
In the province of Champagne in France, St. Victor, confessor, about whom eulogies have been written by St. Bernard.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 27:
CHAPTER XXI
Of the Deans of the Monastery
Should the community be large, let there be chosen from it certain brethren of good repute and holy life, and appointed Deans. Let them carefully direct their deaneries in all things according to the commandments of God and the will of their Abbot. And let such men be chosen Deans as the Abbot may safely trust to share his burdens: let them not be chosen according to order, but for the merit of their lives and for their wisdom and learning. And should any one of them, being puffed up with pride, be found worthy of blame, and after being thrice corrected, refuse to amend, let him be deposed, and one who is worthy be put in his place. And we order the same to be done with regard to the Prior.
Martyrology-February 28th
Roman Martyrology-February 28th-on this date in various years-
For 2024, due to leap year, the marytology is:
At Isola, in the province of Abruzzi, St. Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin, confessor and cleric of the Passionist Congregation. Having been known for his merits during his short life, and after death renowned for miracles, Pope Benedict XV enrolled him in the canon of the saints.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs, Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of St. Julian, martyr. Although he was so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, he was taken before the judge with two servants, who carried him in a chair. One of these denied his faith, but the other, named Eunus, persevered with Julian in confessing Christ. Both were set on camels, led through the whole city, scourged, and then burned alive in the presence of all the people.
In the same city, St. Besas, a soldier. He had rebuked those who insulted the martyrs just mentioned, and so was denounced before the judge. Because he continued to proclaim his attachment to the faith he was beheaded.
At Seville in Spain, the birthday of St. Leander, bishop of that city, and of St. Florentina, virgin. By his preaching and zeal the Visigoths, with the help of King Recared, were converted from the Arian heresy to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, in the time of Emperor Leo, the holy confessors Basil and Procopius, who fought courageously in behalf of the veneration of sacred images.
At Lyons, St. Baldomer, subdeacon and man of God, whose tomb is graced by many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 28:
CHAPTER XXII
How the Monks are to sleep
Let them sleep each one in a separate bed, receiving bedding suitable to their manner of life, as the Abbot shall appoint. If possible, let all sleep in one place: but if the number do not permit of this, let them repose by tens or twenties with the seniors who have charge of them. Let a candle burn constantly in the cell until morning. Let them sleep clothed, and girded with belts or cords - but not with knives at their sides, lest perchance they wound themselves in their sleep - and thus be always ready, so that when the signal is given they may rise without delay, and hasten each to forestall the other in going to the Work of God, yet with all gravity and modesty. Let not the younger brethren have their beds by themselves, but among those of the seniors. And when they rise for the Work of God, let them gently encourage one another, because of the excuses of the drowsy.
Martyrology-February 29th
Roman Martyrology-February 29th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the Saints Caerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
In the same city, in the reign of Emperor Valerian, the commemoration of the holy priests, deacons, and many others. When a most deadly epidemic was raging, they willingly met their death by ministering to the sick. The religious sentiment of the pious faithful has generally venerated them as martyrs.
At Rome, St. Hilary, pope and confessor.
In the territory of Lyons, in the Jura Mountains, the death of St. Romanus, abbot, who first had led the life of a hermit there. His reputation for virtues and miracles brought under his guidance many monks.
At Papia, the transfer, ordered by the Lombard King Luitprand, of the body of St. Augustine, bishop, away from the island of Sardinia.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for February 29:
CHAPTER XXIII
Of Excommunication for Offences
If any brother shall be found contumacious, or disobedient, or proud, or a murmurer, or in any way transgressing the Holy Rule, and contemning the orders of his seniors; let him, according to our Lord's commandment, be once or twice privately admonished by his elders. If he do not amend, let him be rebuked in public before all. But if even then he do not correct himself, let him be subjected to excommunication, provided that he understand the nature of the punishment. Should he, however, prove incorrigible, let him undergo corporal chastisement.
Martyrology-March 1st
Roman Martyrology-March 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, two hundred and sixty holy martyrs condemned for the name of Christ. Claudius ordered them to dig sand beyond the Salarian Gate, then to have soldiers in the amphitheatre shoot them with arrows.
Also, the birthday of the holy martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles in France, the holy martyrs Hermes and Adrian.
At Heliopolis, St. Eudocia, martyr in the persecution of Trajan. She was baptized by Bishop Theodotus, and being fortified for the combat, was put to the sword at the command of Vincent the governor, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, St. Antonina, martyr. For deriding the gods of the heathen, in the persecution of Diocletian, she was, after various torments, shut up in a cask and drowned in a marsh near the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Felix III, ancestor of St. Gregory the Great, who relates of him that he appeared to St. Tharsilla, his niece, and called her to the kingdom of heaven.
At Kaiserswerdt, Bishop St. Swidbert, who, in the time of Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other Germanic peoples.
At Angers in France, St. Albinus, bishop and confessor, a man of most eminent virtue and piety.
At Le Mans in France, St. Siviard, abbot.
At Perugia, the transferral of the body of St. Herculanus, bishop and martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, king of the Goths. Forty days after the decapitation, Pope St. Gregory relates that the head had been rejoined to the body as if it had never been touched by the sword.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 1:
CHAPTER XXIV
What the measure of excommunication should be
The measure of excommunication or chastisement should be meted out according to the gravity of the offence, the estimation of which shall be left to the judgment of the Abbot. If any brother be found guilty of lighter faults, let him be excluded from the common table. And this shall be the rule for one so deprived: he shall intone neither Psalm nor antiphon in the Oratory, nor shall he read a lesson, until he have made satisfaction. Let him take his meals alone, after those of the brethren so that if, for example, the brethren eat at the sixth hour, let him eat at the ninth: if they eat at the ninth, let him eat in the evening, until by proper satisfaction he obtain pardon.
Martyrology-March 2nd
Roman Martyrology-March 2nd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Latin Way, the holy martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Also at Rome, under Emperor Alexander and the prefect Ulpian, many holy martyrs who were a long time tortured and condemned to capital punishment.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy martyrs Lucius, bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Porto, near Rome, the holy martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy martyrs, who were barbarously killed by the Lombards because they would not eat flesh that had been offered to the idols, nor would they adore the head of a goat.
At Lichfield in England, St. Chad, bishop of Mercia and Lindisfarne, whose excellent virtues are mentioned by St. Venerable Bede.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 2:
CHAPTER XXV
Of Graver Faults
Let that brother who is found guilty of a more grievous offence be excluded both from the table and from the Oratory, and let none of the brethren consort with him or speak to him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined him, and continue in penance and sorrow, remembering that dreadful sentence of the Apostle, "That such a one is delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." Let him take his portion of food alone, in the measure and at the time that the Abbot shall think best for him. Let none of those who pass by bless him, nor the food that is given him.
Martyrology-March 3rd
Roman Martyrology-March 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Valerian, the holy martyrs Marinus, soldier, and Asterius, senator. The former was examined by the judge on the charge laid against him by his fellow soldiers of being a Christian, and as he admitted the accusation in a firm tone of voice, he was beheaded, and thus received the crown of martyrdom. His mutilated body was taken by Asterius on his own shoulders, and wrapped in the garment which he himself wore. This service at once gained for Asterius the palm of martyrdom as a reward for the honour which he had given to a martyr.
At Calahorra in Spain, the birthday of the holy martyrs Hermiterius and Cheledonius, soldiers in the army at Leon, a city of Galicia. Upon the approach of persecution they went to Calahorra in order to confess the name of Christ, and after enduring many torments there, they were crowned with martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the Saints Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their companions.
Also, the sainted soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who gloriously triumphed by death on the cross under the governor Asclepias during the persecution of Maximian.
At Brescia, St. Titian, bishop and confessor.
At Bamberg, Empress St. Cunegunda, who preserved her virginity with the consent of her husband, Emperor Henry I. She completed a life rich in meritorious good works with a holy death, and afterward worked many miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 3:
CHAPTER XXVI
Of those who, without leave of the Abbot, consort with the Excommunicate
If any brother presume without the Abbot's leave to hold any intercourse whatever with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur the same punishment of excommunication.
Martyrology-March 4th
Roman Martyrology-March 4th-on this date in various years-
At Vilnius in Lithuania, blessed Casimir, confessor, the son of King Casimir, whom Pope Leo X inscribed in the roll of the saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, during the perseuction of Valerian, the birthday of St. Lucius, pope and martyr, who was first exiled for the faith of Christ, but being permitted by divine Providence to return to his church, after labouring long against the Novatians, he suffered martyrdom by beheading. His praises have been published by St. Cyprian.
At Nicomedia, in the reign of Emperor Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian and twenty-three others, who endured martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. Their remains were taken to Byzantium by the Christians, and buried there with reverence and honour. Afterwards the body of St. Adrian was transferred to Rome on the 8th of September, on which day his feast is observed.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy martyrs who were buried in the cemetery of St. Cecilia.
In Chersonesus, the passion of the saintly bishops, Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephrem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, St. Caius Palatinus and twenty-seven others who were cast into the sea.
Also, the passion of Saints Archelaus, Cyril and Photius.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 4:
CHAPTER XXVII
How careful the Abbot should be of the Excommunicate
Let the Abbot shew all care and solicitude towards the offending brethren, for "they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick." To which end he ought, as a wise physician, to use every means in his power, sending some brethren of mature years and wisdom,* who may, as it were secretly, console the wavering brother, and induce him to make humble satisfaction. Let them comfort him, that he be not overwhelmed by excess of sorrow; but as the Apostle saith, "Let charity be strengthened towards him," and let all pray for him. For the Abbot is bound to use the greatest care, and to strive with all possible prudence and zeal, not to lose any one of the sheep committed to him. He must know that he hath undertaken the charge of weakly souls, and not a tyranny over the strong; and let him fear the threat of the prophet, through whom God saith: "What ye saw to be fat that ye took to yourselves, and what was diseased ye cast away." Let him imitate the loving example of the Good Shepherd, who, leaving the ninety and nine sheep on the mountains, went to seek one which had gone astray, on whose weakness He had such compassion that He vouchsafed to lay it on His own sacred shoulders and so bring it back to the flock.
Martyrology-March 5th
Roman Martyrology-March 5th-on this date in various years-
At Antioch, the birthday of the martyr St. Phocas, who triumphed over the ageless Serpent after many injuries which he suffered for the Name of the Redeemer. That triumph is still manifested to the people in our day, for if any one stung by a snake touches with faith the door of the martyr's basilica, the power of the venom disappears, and he is immediately cured.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the persecution of Diocletian, the martyr St. Adrian. He was first exposed to a lion for the faith of Christ, and then slain with the sword by order of the governor Firmilian, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the passion of the holy martyrs Eusebius Palatinus and nine others.
At Caesarea in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Severus, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was conspicuous for his wisdom and the purity of his life.
Also in Palestine, on the banks of the Jordan, the anchoret St. Gerasimus, who lived in the time of Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the death of St. John Joseph of the Cross, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, and confessor. By emulating the virtues of St. Francis of Assisi and of St. Peter Alcantara , he added great glory to the Seraphic Order. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 5:
CHAPTER XXVIII
Of those who, being often corrected, do not amend
If any brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, or even excommunicated, do not amend let a more severe chastisement be applied: that is, let the punishment of stripes be administered to him. But if even then he do not correct himself, or perchance (which God forbid), puffed up with pride, even wish to defend his deeds: then let the Abbot act like a wise physician. If he hath applied fomentations and the unction of his admonitions, the medicine of the Holy Scriptures, and the last remedy of excommunication or corporal chastisement, and if he see that his labours are of no avail, let him add what is still more powerful - his own prayers and those of all the brethren for him, that God, Who is all-powerful, may work the cure of the sick brother. But if he be not healed even by this means, then at length let the Abbot use the sword of separation, as the Apostle saith: "Put away the evil one from you." And again: "If the faithless one depart, let him depart," lest one diseased sheep should taint the whole flock.
Martyrology-March 6th
Roman Martyrology-March 6th-on this date in various years-
Saints Perpetua and Felicity, who, on the day following this, received from the Lord the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Tortona, St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, who was put to death for the sake of Christ by Trajan, and thereby received the crown of immortality.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who were, with Claudian and his wife Bassa, subjected to many torments for a period of three years, after which they were cast into prison, where they ended their pilgrimage of life.
In Cyprus, in the time of Emperor Decius, St. Conon, martyr. He was compelled to run before a chariot, with his feet pierced with nails, and falling to his knees, he died in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs, who were arrested in Amorium and taken to Syria, where they valiantly endured the test and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, St. Evagrius, who was elected Catholic bishop in the reign of Valens, and being exiled by that emperor, later departed for heaven.
At Bologna, St. Basil, bishop, who was ordained by Pope St. Sylvester, and who governed the church entrusted to his care with great holiness, both by word and example.
At Barcelona in Spain, blessed Ollegar, who was first a canon and afterwards bishop of Barcelona and archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, blessed Rose, a virgin of the Third Order of St. Francis.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Collette, virgin, who at first professed the rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, and afterwards, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, restored the pristine discipline to a great number of monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order. Because she was graced with heavenly virtues, and performed innumerable miracles, she was inscribed on the roll of saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 6:
CHAPTER XXIX
Whether the Brethren who leave the Monastery are to be received again
If any brother who through his own fault departeth or is cast out of the Monastery, be willing to return, let him first undertake to amend entirely the fault for which he went away; and then let him be received back into the lowest place, that thus his humility may be tried. Should he again depart, let him be taken back until the third time: knowing that after this all return will be denied to him.
Martyrology-March 7th
Roman Martyrology-March 7th-on this date in various years-
In the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina in Campania, St. Thomas Aquinas, confessor and doctor of the Church, a member of the Order of Preachers, famous for his noble family, for the sanctity of his life, and for his knowledge of theology. Pope Leo XIII declared him the heavenly patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, martyrs. St. Augustine relates that Felicity being with child, her execution was deferred , according to the law, until after her delivery. He states that while she was in labour, she mourned, and when cast to the beasts, she rejoiced. With them suffered Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, the last of whom died in prison; the others were delivered to the beasts, all during the reign of Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity was celebrated yesterday.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the passion of St. Eubulus, who was a companion of St. Adrian. Two days after the latter's death, he was mangled by the lions and put to death by the sword. He was the last of all those who received the crown of martyrdom in that city.
At Nicomedia, St. Theophilus, bishop, who was driven into exile for the veneration of sacred images, and died there.
At Pelusium in Egypt, St. Paul, bishop, who died in exile for the same cause.
At Brescia, St. Gaudiosus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, St. Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence in Etruria, St. Teresa Margaret Redi, virgin, a member of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, of such admirable purity and simplicity that Pope Pius XI solemnly enrolled her on the scroll of holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 7:
CHAPTER XXX
How the younger boys are to be corrected
Every age and understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. As often, therefore, as boys or others under age, or unable to understand the greatness of the penalty of excommunication, commit faults, let them be punished by severe fasting or sharp stripes, in order that they may be cured.
Martyrology-March 8th
Roman Martyrology-March 8th-on this date in various years-
At Granada in Spain, St. John of God, founder of the Order of Brothers Hospitallers, famed for his mercy to the poor, and his contempt of self. Pope Leo XIII appointed him as heavenly patron of the sick and of all hospitals.
At Nicomedia, St. Quinctilis, bishop and martyr.
In Africa, the martyred Saints Cyril, bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinous, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy martyrs Apollonius, deacon, and Philemon. They firmly refused to sacrifice to the idols, and when arrested and brought to the judge they had their heels pierced, were barbarously dragged through the city, at last completing their martyrdom by being slain by the sword.
In the same place, the passion of Saints Arian, governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the judge put to death by drowning in the sea. Their bodies, however, were brought back by some dolphins.
At Carthage, St. Pontius, deacon of the blessed Cyprian, bishop, who remained until death in exile with him, and composed an excellent history of his life and martyrdom. By ever glorifying God in his own sufferings, he merited the crown of life.
At Toledo in Spain, the death of blessed Julian, bishop and confessor, most celebrated for his sanctity and learning.
In England, St. Felix, bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 8:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be
Let there be chosen out of the community, as Cellarer of the Monastery, a man wise and of mature character, temperate, not a great eater, not haughty, nor headstrong, nor arrogant, not slothful, nor wasteful, but a God-fearing man, who may be like a father to the whole community. Let him have the care of everything, but do nothing without leave of the Abbot. Let him take heed to what is commanded him, and not sadden his brethren. If a brother ask him for anything unreasonably, let him not treat him with contempt and so grieve him, but reasonably and with all humility refuse what he asks for amiss. Let him be watchful over his own soul, remembering always that saying of the Apostle, that "he that hath ministered well, purchaseth to himself a good degree." Let him have especial care of the sick, of the children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account of all these on the Day of Judgment. Let him look upon all the vessels and goods of the Monastery as though they were the consecrated vessels of the altar. Let him not think that he may neglect anything: let him not be given to covetousness, nor wasteful, nor a squanderer of the goods of the Monastery; but do all things in proper measure, and according to the bidding of his Abbot.
Martyrology-March 9th
Roman Martyrology-March 9th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Frances, widow, renowned for her noble family, holy life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste in Armenia, under the governor Agricolaus, in the time of Emperor Licinius, the birthday of forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia. After being chained down in foul dungeons, after having their faces bruised with stones, and being condemned to spend the night naked, in the open during the coldest part of winter, on a frozen lake where their bodies were benumbed and covered with ice, they completed their martyrdom by having their limbs crushed. The most noteworthy among them were Cyrion and Candidus. Their glorious triumph has been celebrated by St. Basil and other Fathers in their writings. Their feast is kept tomorrow.
At Nyssa, the death of St. Gregory, the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and the brother of Saints Basil the Great, bishop, and Peter, bishop of Sebaste, and Macrina, virgin. His life and his great learning brought him fame. He was driven from his own city for having defended the Catholic faith during the reign of the Arian emperor Valens.
At Barcelona in Spain, Bishop St. Pacian, distinguished by his life and preaching. He ended his career in extreme old age, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Bologna, St. Catherine, virgin, of the Second Order of St. Francis, illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is greatly honoured in that city.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 9:
CHAPTER XXXI
What kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery is to be (cont.)
Let him above all things have humility; and to him on whom he hath nothing else to bestow, let him give at least a kind answer, as it is written: "A good word is above the best gift." Let him have under his care all that the Abbot may enjoin him, and presume not to meddle with what is forbidden him. Let him distribute to the brethren their appointed allowance of food, without arrogance* or delay, that they be not scandalised: mindful of what the Word of God declareth him to deserve, who "shall scandalise one of these little ones" namely, "that a millstone be hanged about his neck and that he be drowned in the depths of the sea." If the community be large, let helpers be given to him, by whose aid he may with peace of mind discharge the office committed to him. Let such things as are necessary be given and asked for at befitting times, that no one may be troubled nor grieved in the house of God.
Martyrology-March 10th
Roman Martyrology-March 10th-on this date in various years-
The forty holy martyrs whose birthday was commemorated yesterday.
At Apamea in Phrygia, during the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the birthday of the holy martyrs Caius and Alexander. They were crowned with a glorious martyrdom, as is related by Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics.
In Persia, the passion of forty-two holy martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy martyrs Codratus, Denis, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who were slain with the sword in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under Jason, the governor.
In Africa, St. Victor, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine delivered a sermon to his people.
At Rome, St. Simplicius, pope and confessor.
At Jersusalem, St. Macarius, bishop and confessor, at whose exhortation the holy places were purged by Constantine the Great and St. Helen, his mother, and beautified by sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the death of Abbot St. Droctoveus, who was a disciple of the saintly Bishop Germanus.
In the monastery of Bobbio, St. Attala, abbot, renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 10:
CHAPTER XXXII
Of the Iron Tools and Property of the Monastery
Let the Abbot appoint brethren, on whose manner of life and character he can rely, to the charge of the iron tools, clothes, and other property of the Monastery; and let him consign to their care, as he shall think fit, the things to be kept and collected after use. Of these let the Abbot keep a list, so that as the brethren in turn succeed to different employments, he may know what he giveth and receiveth back. If any one treat the property of the Monastery in a slovenly or negligent manner, let him be corrected; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-March 11th
Roman Martyrology-March 11th-on this date in various years-
At Sardis, St. Euthymius, bishop, who was sent into exile by the Iconoclast emperor Michael for the veneration of sacred images. Afterwards, in the reign of Theophilus, he was barbarously beaten with knotted clubs, which completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Eulogius, priest, who deserved to be associated with the martyrs of that city because, in writing of their trials for the faith, he had envied their happiness. On account of his own fearless and intrepid confession of Christ, he was scourged and beaten with rods, and finally beheaded during the Saracen persecution.
At Carthage, the holy martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others.
At Laodicea in Syria, during the persecution of Diocletian, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who obtained their crowns of glory after many severe torments.
At Antioch, the Commemoration of many holy martyrs, some of whom by order of Emperor Maximian were laid on red hot gridirons, not to be burned to death, but to continue their suffering a longer time; others were subjected to different horrible torments, and won the palm of martyrdom.
Also, Saints Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Bishop St. Sophronius.
At Milan, St. Benedict, bishop.
In the diocese of Amiens, St. Firmin, abbot.
At Carthage, St. Constantine, confessor.
At Babucum in Campania, St. Peter, confessor, who was renowned for his miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 11:
CHAPTER XXXIII
Whether Monks ought to have anything of their own
The vice of private ownership is above all to be cut off from the Monastery by the roots. Let none presume to give or receive anything without leave of the Abbot, nor to keep anything as their own, either book or writing-tablet or pen, or anything whatsoever; since they are permitted to have neither body nor will in their own power. But all that is necessary they may hope to receive from the father of the Monastery: nor are they allowed to keep anything which the Abbot has not given, or at least permitted them to have. Let all things be common to all, as it is written: "Neither did anyone say that aught which he possessed was his own." But if any one shall be found to indulge in this most baneful vice, and after one or two admonitions do not amend, let him be subjected to correction.
Martyrology-March 12th
Roman Martyrology-March 12th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Gregory, pope and eminent doctor of the Church, who on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was surnamed the Great, and called the Apostle of England.
In the same place, the death of St. Innocent I, pope and confessor. His feast is celebrated on the 28th of July.
Also at Rome, St. Mamilian, martyr.
At Nicomedia, St. Egdunus, priest, and seven others, who, one by one, on successive days, were strangled in order to terrify those who remained.
In the same city, the passion of the martyr St. Peter, chamberlain to Emperor Diocletian. For openly complaining of the atrocious torments inflicted upon the martyrs, he was, by order of the emperor, first suspended and for a long time scourged, then had salt and vinegar poured on his wounds, and finally was burned on a grate over a slow fire. Thus did he become a true heir of St. Peter's name and faith.
At Constantinople, St. Theophanes, who gave up great riches to embrace the poverty of the monastic state. The impious Leo the Armenian kept him in prison for two years because of his veneration of sacred images, and later sent him into Thrace in exile. There, overwhelmed with afflictions, but famous for miracles, death came upon him.
At Capua, St. Bernard, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 12:
CHAPTER XXXIV
Whether all ought alike to receive what is needful
As it is written: "Distribution was made to every man, according as he had need." Herein we do not say that there should be respecting of persons - God forbid - but consideration for infirmities. Let him, therefore, that hath need of less give thanks to God, and not be grieved; and let him who requireth more be humbled for his infirmity, and not made proud by the kindness shewn to him: and so all the members of the family shall be at peace. Above all, let not the evil of murmuring shew itself by the slightest word or sign on any account whatsoever. If anyone be found guilty herein, let him be subjected to severe punishment.
Martyrology-March 13th
Roman Martyrology-March 13th-on this date in various years-
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Ruderic, priest, and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Macedonius, Patricia, his wife, and his daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea in Bithynia, the holy martyrs Theusetas and Horres, his son; Theodore, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, who were all burned to death for Christ.
At Hermopolis in Egypt, the martyr St. Sabinus, who suffered many torments, and at last completed his martyrdom by being cast into a river.
In Persia, St. Christina, virgin and martyr.
At Camerino, St. Ansovinus, bishop and confessor.
In Thebais, the death of St. Euphrasia, virgin.
At Constantinople, the transferral of the body of St. Nicephorus, bishop of that city, and confessor. The body was returned from the island of Propontis in the Proconnesus, where his death occurred on the 5th of June while in exile for his reverence of sacred images. He was buried with honour by Bishop Methodius in the Church of the Holy Apostles on this the anniversary day of his exile.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 13:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen
Let the brethren wait on one another in turn, so that none be excused from the work of the kitchen, except he be prevented by sickness or by some more necessary employment; for thus is gained a greater reward and an increase of charity. But let assistance be given to the weak, that they may not do their work with sadness; and let all have help according to the number of the community and the situation of the place. If the community be large, let the Cellarer be excused from work in the kitchen, and also those, as already mentioned, who are occupied in more urgent business. Let the rest serve each other in turn with all charity. Let him who endeth his week in the kitchen, make all things clean on Saturday, and wash the towels where with the brethren dry their hands and feet. Let both him who goeth out and him who is coming in wash the feet of all. Let him hand over to the Cellarer the vessels of his office, clean and whole; and let the Cellarer deliver the same to him who entereth, that he may know what he giveth and what he receiveth.
Martyrology-March 14th
Roman Martyrology-March 14th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, in the Veranian Field, St. Leo, bishop and martyr.
Also at Rome, the birthday of forty-seven holy martyrs who were baptized by the apostle St. Peter while in the Mamertine Prison with St. Paul his fellow apostle. After an imprisonment of nine months, they all fell by the sword of Nero for their generous confession of faith.
In the province of Valeria, two saintly monks, who were hanged on a tree by the Lombards, and although dead, were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
In the same persecution, a deacon of the church of Marsico who was beheaded for the confession of faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae in Mesopotamia, the patrician St. Eutychius and his companions, who were killed by Evelid, king of Arabia, for the confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt in Germany, the death of blessed Queen Matilda, mother of Emperor Otto I, renowned for humility and patience.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 14:
CHAPTER XXXV
Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen (cont.)
Let the weekly servers take each a cup of drink and a piece of bread over and above the refection, that so they may serve their brethren, when the hour cometh, without murmuring or great labour. On solemn days, however, let them forbear until after Mass.* On Sunday, as soon as Lauds are ended, let both the incoming and the outgoing servers fall on their knees before all, in the Oratory, and ask their prayers. Let him who endeth his week, say this verse: "Blessed art Thou Lord God, Who hast helped me and comforted me;" which being thrice repeated, he shall receive the blessing. Let him that beginneth his week follow, and say: "O God, come to my assistance: O Lord, make haste to help me." Let this likewise be thrice repeated by all; and having received the blessing, let him enter on his office.
Martyrology-March 15th
Roman Martyrology-March 15th-on this date in various years-
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the martyrdom of St. Longinus, the soldier who is said to have pierced our Lord's side with a lance.
The same day, the birthday of St. Aristobulus, a disciple of the apostles, who completed by martyrdom a life spent in preaching the Gospel.
In the Hellespont, St. Menignus, a dyer, who suffered under Decius.
In Egypt, St. Nicander, martyr, who sought diligently for the remains of the holy martyrs, and thus merited to be made a martyr himself, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova in Spain, St. Leocritia, virgin and martyr. She suffered various cruel tortures and was beheaded for the faith of Christ during the Arabian persecution.
At Thessalonica, St. Matrona, servant of a Jewess, who, worshipping Christ secretly, and stealing away daily to pray in the church, was detected by her mistress and subjected to many trials. Being at last beaten to death with large clubs, she gave up her pure soul to God in confessing Christ.
At Rieti, the bishop St. Probus, at whose death the martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius were present.
At Vienna in Austria, St. Clement Mary Hofbauer, a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, renowned for his great devotion in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in extending that order. He was canonized by Pope Pius X.
At Capua, the monk St. Speciosus,, whose soul his brother saw being taken into heaven, as is recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Pairs, the birthday of St. Louise de Marillac, a widow of Le Gras, co-founder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity. Outstanding for her virtues and miracles, her name was inscribed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius XI.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 15:
CHAPTER XXXVI
Of the Sick Brethren
Before all things and above all things care is to be had of the sick, that they be served in very deed as Christ Himself, for He hath said: "I was sick, and ye visited Me." And, "What ye have done unto one of these little ones, ye have done unto Me." And let the sick themselves remember that they are served for the honour of God, and not grieve the brethren who serve them by unnecessary demands. Yet must they be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Let it be, therefore, the Abbot's greatest care that they suffer no neglect. And let a cell be set apart by itself for the sick brethren, and one who is God-fearing, diligent and careful, be appointed to serve them. Let the use of baths be allowed to the sick as often as may be expedient; but to those who are well, and especially to the young, let it be granted more seldom. Let the use of flesh meat also be permitted to the sick and to those who are very weakly, for their recovery: but when they are restored to health, let all abstain from meat in the accustomed manner. The Abbot must take all possible care that the sick be not neglected by the Cellarer or servers; because whatever is done amiss by his disciples is laid to his charge.
Martyrology-March 16th
Roman Martyrology-March 16th-on this date in various years-
At Rome the martyrdom of the deacon St. Cyriacus, who, after a long imprisonment, had melted pitch poured over him, was stretched on the rack, had his limbs pulled with ropes, was beaten with clubs, and finally was beheaded by order of Maximian, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others. Their feast, however, is kept on the 8th of August, the day on which these twenty-three martyrs were exhumed by blessed Pope Marcellus and reverently entombed.
At Aquileia, in the time of Emperor Numerian and the governor Beronius, the birthday of the holy bishop Hilary, and the deacon Tatian, who were martyred with Felix, Largus, and Denis, after being subjected to the rack and other tortures.
In Lycaonia, the holy martyr Papas, who was scourged for the Christian faith, had his flesh torn with iron hooks, and was compelled to walk with shoes pierced with nails, and was finally bound to a barren tree. In leaving this world to go to God, he rendered this same tree fruitful.
At Anazarbum in Cilicia, under the governor Marcian, the martyr St. Julian, who was a long time tortured, then put into a sack with serpents, and cast into the sea.
In the territory of Canada, Saints John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the mission of the Hurons, on this and other days, after many labours and most cruel torments, bravely underwent death for Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Agapitus, bishop and confessor.
At Cologne, St. Heribert, bishop, celebrated for sanctity.
In Auvergne, the death of St. Patrick, bishop.
In Syria, St. Abraham, hermit, whose life has been written by the blessed deacon Ephrem.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 16:
CHAPTER XXXVII
Of Old Men and Children
Although human nature is of itself drawn to feel pity for these two times of life, namely, old age and infancy, yet the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and the strictness of the Rule respecting food be by no means kept in their regard; but let a kind consideration be shewn for them, and let them eat before the regular hours.
Martyrology-March 17th
Roman Martyrology-March 17th-on this date in various years-
For 2024 The Sunday of the Passion.
At Downpatrick in Ireland, the birthday of St. Patrick, bishop and confessor, who was the first to preach Christ in that country, and who became illustrious by great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, St. Joseph of Arimathea, noble senator and disciple of our Lord,. who took his Body down from the Cross and buried it in his own new sepulchre.
At Rome, the Saints Alexander and Theodore, martyrs.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of many holy martyrs, who, being seized by the worshippers of Serapis, and refusing constantly to adore that idol, were cruelly murdered. Emperor Theodosius, who issued the order, afterwards commanded that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, St. Paul, martyr, who was burned alive by Constantine Copronymus, for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Chalons in France, St. Agricola, bishop.
At Nivelle in Brabant, St. Gertrude, a virgin of noble birth. Because she despised the world, and during her whole life practised all kinds of good works, she deserved to have Christ for her spouse in heaven.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 17:
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Of the Weekly Reader
Reading must not be wanting while the brethren eat at table; nor let any one who may chance to have taken up the book presume to read, but let him who is to read throughout the week begin upon the Sunday. After Mass and Communion, let him ask all to pray for him, that God may keep from him the spirit of pride. And let this verse be said thrice in the Oratory, he himself beginning it: "O Lord, Thou shalt open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Thy praise." And so, having received the blessing, let him enter on his reading. The greatest silence must be kept at table, so that no whispering may be heard there, nor any voice except that of him who readeth. And whatever is necessary for food or drink let the brethren so minister to each other, that no one need ask for anything: but should anything be wanted, let it be asked for by a sign rather than by the voice. And let no one presume to put any questions there, either about the reading or about anything else, lest it should give occasion for talking: unless perchance the Superior should wish to say a few words for the edification of the brethren. Let the brother who is reader for the week take a little bread and wine before he begin to read, on account of the Holy Communion,* and lest it be hard for him to fast so long. Afterwards let him take his meal with the weekly cooks and other servers. The brethren are not to read or sing according to their order, but such only as may edify the hearers.
Martyrology-March 18th
Roman Martyrology-March 18th-on this date in various years-
At Jerusalem, St. Cyril, bishop, who suffered many injuries from the Arians for the faith. Often exiled from his church, he at length rested in peace with a great reputation for sanctity. A magnificent testimony of the purity of his faith is given by the first ecumenical Council of Constantinople in a letter to Pope Damasus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the blessed Bishop Alexander, who, from his own city in Cappadocia, where he was bishop, coming to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, took upon himself, by divine revelation, the government of that church in place of the aged Narcissus. Sometime afterwards, when he had become venerable by his age and gray hair, he was led to Caesarea and shut up in prison, where he completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ during the persecution of Decius.
At Augsburg, St. Narcissus, bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the Tyrol. Afterwards, setting out for Spain, he converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, and there, along with the deacon Felix, he received the palm of martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Nicomedia, ten thousand holy martyrs, who were put to the sword for the confession of Christ.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In England, St. Edward, king, who was assassinated by order of his treacherous stepmother, and became celebrated for many miracles.
At Lucca in Tuscany, the birthday of the holy bishop Fridian, who was illustrious by the power of working miracles.
At Mantua, St. Anselm, bishop and confessor.
At Cagliari in Sardinia, St. Salvatore of Orte, confessor, a member of the Order of Friars Minor, who was numbered among the heavenly saints by Pope Pius XI, because he was graced with every virtue and had been given by God the gift of performing outstanding miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 18:
CHAPTER XXXIX
Of the Measure of Food
We think it sufficient for the daily meal, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that there be at all seasons of the year two dishes of cooked food, because of the weakness of different people; so that he who perchance cannot eat of the one, may make his meal of the other. Let two dishes, then, suffice for all the brethren; and if there be any fruit or young vegetables, let a third be added. Let one pound weight of bread suffice for the day, whether there be but one meal, or both dinner and supper. If they are to sup, let a third part of the pound be kept back by the Cellarer, and given to them for supper. If, however, their work chance to have been hard, it shall be in the Abbot's power, if he think fit, to make some addition, avoiding above everything, all surfeiting, that the monks be not overtaken by indigestion. For there is nothing so adverse to a Christian as gluttony, according to the words of Our Lord: "See that your hearts be not overcharged with surfeiting." And let not the same quantity be allotted to children of tender years, but less than to their elders, moderation being observed in every case. Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.
Martyrology-March 19th
Roman Martyrology-March 19th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, the birthday of St. Joseph, spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Pope Pius IX, yielding to the desires and prayers of the whole Catholic world, declared him Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others.
At Nicomedia, St. Pancharius, a Roman, who apostatized for the sake of Emperor Diocletian, but by the persuasion of his mother and sister immediately returned to the true faith. Because of his subsequent constancy in it, he was beaten with clubs and beheaded, obtaining thus the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy Bishops Apollonius and Leontius.
At Ghent in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman priest, and the deacon Amantius, who were sent to preach the Gospel by Pope St. Martin. They faithfully fulfilled this apostolic appointment, and after their deaths became renowned for their miracles.
In the city of Pinna, the birthday of blessed John, a man of great sanctity, who came from Syria into Italy, and there founded a monastery. After being the spiritual guide for many of God's servants for forty-four years, he rested in peace.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 19:
CHAPTER XL
Of the Measure of Drink
Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner, another after that. And, therefore, it is with some misgiving that we appoint the measure of other men's living. Yet, considering the infirmity of the weak, we think that one pint of wine a day is sufficient for each but let those to whom God gives the endurance of abstinence know that they shall have their proper reward. If, however, the situation of the place, the work, or the heat of summer require more, let it be in the power of the Superior to grant it; taking care in everything that surfeit or drunkenness creep not in. And although we read that wine ought by no means to be the drink of monks, yet since in our times monks cannot be persuaded of this, let us at least agree not to drink to satiety, but sparingly; because "wine maketh even the wise to fall away." But where the necessity of the place alloweth not even the aforesaid measure, but much less, or none at all, let those who dwell there bless God and not murmur. This above all we admonish, that there be no murmuring among them.
Martyrology-March 20th
Roman Martyrology-March 20th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Joachim, the father of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. His feast day is on the 16th of August.
In Asia, the birthday of St. Archippus, fellow-labourer of the apostle St. Paul, who is mentioned by him in his epistles to Philemon and the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, the Saints Photina, a Samaritan, and her sons Joseph and Victor; also, Sebastian, a military officer, Anatolius, and Photius; Photides, Parasceves, and Cyriaca, sisters, all of whom were put to death for the confession of the faith.
At Amisus in Paphlagonia, seven holy women, Alexandria, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were put to death for the confession of the faith. They were followed by Dephuta and her sister.
At Apollonia, Bishop St. Nicetas, who died in exile where he had been sent for upholding the veneration of sacred images.
In the monastery of Fontanelle in France, St. Wulfran, bishop of Sens, who resigned his bishopric, and after having performed miracles, departed out of this life.
In England, the death of St. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who from his childhood until his death was renowned for good works and miracles.
At Sienna in Tuscany, blessed Ambrose of the Order of Preachers, celebrated for sanctity, eloquence, and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 20:
CHAPTER XLI
At what Hours the Brethren are to take their Meals
From Holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren dine at the sixth hour, and sup in the evening. But from Pentecost throughout the summer (unless they have to work in the fields, or are harrassed by excessive heat) let them fast on Wednesdays and Fridays until the ninth hour, but on other days dine at the sixth. Should they have field labour, or should the heat of the summer be very great, they must always take their dinner at the sixth hour. Let the Abbot provide for this, and let him so arrange and dispose all things, that souls may be saved, and that the brethren may do what they have to do without just cause for murmuring. From the fourteenth of September until the beginning of Lent let them always dine at the ninth hour; and during Lent, until Easter, in the evening. And let the hour of the evening meal be so ordered that they have no need of a lamp while eating, but let all be over while it is yet daylight. At all times, whether of dinner or supper, let the hour be so arranged that everything be done by daylight.
Martyrology-March 21st
Roman Martyrology-March 21st-on this date in various years-
At Monte Cassino, the birthday of the holy abbot St. Benedict, who restored and wonderfully extended the monastic discipline in the West, where it had almost been destroyed. His life, brilliant in virtues and miracles, was written by Pope St. Gregory.
At Catania, St. Birillus, who was consecrated bishop by St. Peter. After converting many gentiles to the faith, he died in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, under Emperor Constantine and the governor Philagrius, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who were murdered by the Arians and the heathens, being attacked by them while they were in church on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, blessed Serapion, anchoret and bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtue, who was driven into exile by the enraged Arians, where he departed to heaven.
In the territory of Lyons, St. Lupicinus, abbot, whose life was brilliant with the glory of holiness and miracles.
In the village of Ranft, near Sachseln in Switzerland, St. Nicholas of Flue, a family man who became an anchoret, famed for his most ardent pen�tence and contempt for the world, and known by the Swiss as the father of the fatherland. He was numbered among the saints by Pope Pius XII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 21:
CHAPTER XLII
That no one may speak after Compline
Monks should love silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. Therefore, on all days, whether of fasting or otherwise, let them sit down all together as soon as they have risen from supper (if it be not a fast-day) and let one of them read the Conferences [of Cassian], or the lives of the Fathers, or some thing else which may edify the hearers. Not, however, Heptateuch, nor the Books of Kings for it will not profit those of weak understanding to hear those parts of Scripture at that hour *: they may, however, be read at other times. If it be a fast-day, then a short time after Vespers let them assemble for the reading of the Conferences, as we have said; four or five pages being read, or as much as time alloweth, so that during the reading all may gather together, even those who may have been occupied in some work enjoined them. Everyone, then, being assembled, let them say Compline; and when that is finished, let none be allowed to speak to any one. And if any one be found to evade this rule of silence, let him be subjected to severe punishment; unless the presence of guests should make it necessary, or the Abbot should chance to give any command. Yet, even then, let it be done with the utmost gravity and moderation.
Martyrology-March 22nd
Roman Martyrology-March 22nd-on this date in various years-
At Narbonne in France, the birthday of the bishop St. Paul, a disciple of the apostles. He is said to have been the proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was baptized by the blessed apostle Paul, and left at Narbonne, where he was raised to the episcopal dignity when the apostle went to Spain. Having zealously discharged the office of preaching and having performed miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, St. Epaphroditus, a disciple of the apostles, who was consecrated bishop of that city by the blessed apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, under Julian the Apostate, St. Basil, priest and martyr, who gave up his soul to God after having endured grievous torments.
At Carthage, the archdeacon St. Octavian, and many thousands of martyrs, who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, the birthday of Pope St. Zachary, who governed the Church of God with vigilance, and at last, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Carthage, St. Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, who ransomed many captives taken from that city by the Vandals, and who performed many other good works, after which he went to rest in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Piceno, the bishop St. Benvenuto.
At Rome, the widow St. Lea, whose virtues and happy death are related by St. Jerome.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 22:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table
At the hour of Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let every one, leaving whatever he had in hand, hasten to the Oratory with all speed, and yet with seriousness, so that no occasion he given for levity.
Let nothing, then, be preferred to the Work of God. And should any one come to the Night-Office after the Gloria of the ninety-fourth Psalm (which for this reason we wish to be said very slowly and protractedly), let him not stand in his order in the choir, but last of all, or in the place set apart by the Abbot for the negligent, so that he may be seen by him and by all, until, the work of God being ended, he have made satisfaction by public penance. The reason why we have judged it fitting for them to stand in the last place, or apart, is that, being seen of all, they may amend for very shame. For, if they were to remain outside the Oratory, some one perchance would return to his place and go to sleep, or at all events would sit down outside, and give himself to idle talk, and thus an occasion would be given to the evil one. Let him therefore enter, that he may not lose the whole, and may amend for the future. At the day Hours, let him who cometh to the Work of God after the Verse,* and the Gloria of the first Psalm which followeth it, stand in the last place, as ordered above, and not presume to join with the choir in the Divine Office, until he hath made satisfaction: unless perchance the Abbot shall permit him so to do, on condition, however, that he afterwards do penance.
Martyrology-March 23rd
Roman Martyrology-March 23rd-on this date in various years-
In Africa, the holy martyrs Victorian, proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquaregia. Also two merchants, both named Frementius, who (as Bishop Victor Africanus relates) were subjected to the most atrocious torments for their courageous confession of the Catholic faith, and who were gloriously crowned martyrs under the Arian king Hunneric, during the persecution of the Vandals.
Also in Africa, St. Fidelis, martyr.
In the same place, St. Felix and twenty other martyrs.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the holy martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise, the crowning of the holy martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima in Peru, Archbishop St. Turibius, through whose labours both faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread through America.
At Antioch, the priest St. Theodulus.
At Barcelona in Spain, the priest St. Joseph Oriol, pastor of the church of St. Mary of the Kings, famous for every virtue, especially mortification of the body, his rule of poverty, and his love towards the poor and the sick. Because he was known for his miracles both in life and after death, Pope Pius X placed his name in the number of the saints.
At Caesarea, St. Julian, confessor.
In Campania, St. Benedict, monk, who was shut up in a burning furnace by the Goths, but who was found uninjured the next day.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 23:
CHAPTER XLIII
Of those who come late to the Work of God, or to table (cont.)
If any one, through his own negligence and fault, come not to table before the Verse, so that all may say this and the prayer together, and together sit down to table, let him be once or twice corrected. If after this he do not amend, let him not be admitted to share in the common table, but be separated from the companionship of all, and eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and amends. Let him be punished in like manner, who is not present also at the Verse which is said after meals. And let no one presume to take food or drink before or after the appointed hour: but should a brother be offered anything by the Superior, and refuse to take it, if he afterwards desire either what he before refused, or anything else, he shall receive nothing whatever, until he hath made proper satisfaction.
Martyrology-March 24th
Roman Martyrology-March 24th-on this date in various years-
For 2024 Palm Sunday, when our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the prophecy of Zacharias, entered into Jerusalem, seated upon the foal of an ass, and was met by the multitude bearing palms.
The Feast of St. Gabriel Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the Incarnation of the Divine Word.
At Rome, the priest St. Epigmenius, who completed his martyrdom by the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Turpius.
Also at Rome, in the time of Julian the Apostate, the passion of blessed Pigmenius, a priest, who was killed for the faith of Christ by being drowned in the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timolaus, Denis, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Denis. They merited the crown of life by being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Urban.
In Morocco, the birthday of the saintly brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the martyrdom of the boy St. Simeon, who was barbarously murdered by the Jews, but who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.
At Synnadas in Phrygia, Bishop St. Agapitus.
At Brescia, the bishop St. Latinus.
In Syria, St. Seleucus, confessor.
In Sweden, the virgin St. Catherine, daughter of St. Bridget.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 24:
CHAPTER XLIV
Of those who are excommunicated, how they are to make satisfaction
Let him, who for graver offences is excommunicated from the Oratory and the table, prostrate himself at the door of the Oratory, saying nothing, at the hour when the Work of God is being performed: lying prone, with his face upon the ground, at the feet of all who go out from the Oratory. Let him continue to do this until the Abbot judge that he hath made satisfaction: and then, coming at the Abbot's bidding, let him cast himself at his feet and at the feet of all, that they may pray for him. After this, if the Abbot so order, let him be received back into the choir, in such a place as he shalt appoint: yet so, that he presume not to intone Psalm or lesson, or anything else, in the Oratory, unless the Abbot again command him. And at all the Hours, when the Work of God is ended, let him cast himself on the ground, in the place where he standeth, and so make satisfaction, until such time as the Abbot bid him cease therefrom. But let those, who for lighter faults are excommunicated only from the table, make satisfaction in the Oratory so long as the Abbot shall command, and continue so doing until he bless them and say it is enough.
Martyrology-March 25th
Roman Martyrology-March 25th-on this date in various years-
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. Her Office this year, however, will be celebrated on April 8.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the good thief who confessed Christ on the cross, and who deserved to hear from him these words: "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise."
At Rome, St. Quirinus, martyr, who after losing his possessions, suffering imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and being cruelly scourged, was put to death with the sword, and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians found his body on the island of Lycaónia (which was thereafter called St. Bartholomew's), and buried it in the Pontian cemetery.
Also at Rome, two hundred and sixty-two holy martyrs.
At Sirmium, the martyrdom of St. Irenaeus, bishop. In the time of Emperor Maximian, under the governor Probus, after undergoing bitter torments and a painful imprisonment for may days, he was beheaded.
At Nicomedia, St. Dula, the servant of a soldier, who was killed for the preservation of her chastity, and deserved the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, St. Pelagius, bishop, who after having endured exile and other afflictions for the Catholic faith under Valens, rested in the Lord.
At Indre, an island in the Loire, Abbot St. Hermeland, whose glorious life was commended by outstanding miracles.
At Pistoia, the holy confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, St. Lucia Filippini, founder of the Institute of Pious Teachers, from whose surname they are known as Filippines. Having merited greatly by the Christian education of girls and women, especially of the poor, Pope Pius XI enrolled her among the holy virgins.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 25:
CHAPTER XLV
Of those who make mistakes in the Oratory
If any one make a mistake in the recitation of Psalm, responsory, antiphon, or lesson, and do not humble himself by making satisfaction there before all, let him be subjected to severer punishment, as one who would not correct by humility what he did wrong through negligence. But children for such faults are to be whipt.
Martyrology-March 26th
Roman Martyrology-March 26th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, St. Castulus, martyr, chamberlain in the palace of the emperor. For harbouring Christians, he was three times suspended by the hands, three times cited before the tribunals. As he persevered in the confession of the Lord, he was thrown into a pit, covered with a mass of sand, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the crowning of the holy martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
At Pentopolis in Libya, the birthday of the holy martyrs Theodore, bishop, the deacon Irenæus, and the lectors Serapion and Ammonius.
At Sirmio, the holy martyrs Montanus, priest, and Maxima, who were drowned in a river for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, the holy martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Eutychius and others, who died by the sword for the Catholic faith, in the time of Constantine, under the Arian bishop George.
The same day, St. Ludger, bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa in Spain, St. Braulio, bishop and confessor.
At Treves, St. Felix, bishop.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 26:
CHAPTER XLVI
Of those who offend in any other matters
If any one, while at work in the kitchen or the cellar, in serving the brethren, in the bakehouse or the garden, or at any other occupation or in any place whatever, commit any fault, or break or lose anything, or transgress in any other way, and do not come immediately before the Abbot and community, and of himself confess and make satisfaction for his fault; if it is made known by another, he shall be subjected to more severe correction. If, however, the guilt of his offence be hidden in his own soul, let him manifest it to the Abbot only, or to his spiritual seniors, who know how to heal their own wounds, and will not disclose or publish those of others.
Martyrology-March 27th
Roman Martyrology-March 27th-on this date in various years-
St. John Damascene, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, whose birthday is commemorated on the 6th of May.
At Drizipara in Hungary, St. Alexander, soldier, in the time of Emperor Maximian. Having overcome many torments for the sake of Christ, and performing many miracles, his martyrdom was completed by beheading.
In Illyria, the Saints Philetus, senator, his wife Lydia, and their sons Macedon and Theoprepides; also Amphilochius, an officer in the army, and Chronides, a notary, who were put to death for the confession of Christ after suffering many things.
In Persia, in the reign of King Sapor, the holy martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who were barbarously slain, having merited the martyr's palm.
At Salzburg in Austria, St. Rupert, bishop and confessor, who spread the Gospel extensively in Bavaria and Austria.
In Egypt, the hermit St. John, a man of great sanctity, who, among other virtues, was filled with the spirit of prophecy, and predicted to Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugene.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 27:
CHAPTER XLVII
Of signifying the hour for the Work of God
Let the announcing of the hour for the Work of God, both by day and night, be the Abbot's care: either by signifying it himself, or by entrusting the duty to such a careful brother, that all things may be done at the appointed times. Let the Psalms and antiphons be intoned by those whose duty it is, each in his order, after the Abbot. Let no one presume to sing or to read except such as can so perform the office that the hearers may be edified. And let it be done with humility, gravity, and awe, and by those whom the Abbot hath appointed.
Martyrology-March 28th
Roman Martyrology-March 28th-on this date in various years-
For 2024 The Lord's Supper, when Christ Jesus, the day before he was crucified for our salvation, gave to his disciples the mysteries of his Body and Blood, to be celebrated by them.
St. John Capistrano, confessor, a priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who is mentioned on the 23rd of October.
At Caesarea in Palestine, the birthday of the holy martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. In the persecution of Valerian, they were living the suburbs of Caesarea, but knowing that in the city the heavenly crown of martyrdom was to be gained, and burning with the divine ardour of faith, they went to the judge of their own accord, rebuked him for shedding in torrents the blood of the faithful, and were immediately condemned to be devoured by beasts for the Name of Christ.
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Norcia, Abbot St. Spes, a man of extraordinary patience, whose soul at its departure from this life (as Pope St. Gregory relates) was seen by all his brethren to ascend to heaven in the shape of a dove.
At Chalons in France, the death of St. Guntram, king of the Franks, who devoted himself to exercises of piety, despising the ostentation of the world, and who bestowed his treasures on the Church and the poor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 28:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour
Idleness is an enemy of the soul; and hence at certain seasons the brethren ought to occupy themselves in the labour of their hands, and at others in holy reading. We think, therefore, that the times for each may be disposed as follows: from Easter to the first of October, let them, in going from Prime in the morning, labour at whatever is required of them until about the fourth hour. From the fourth hour until near the sixth let them apply themselves to reading, And when they rise from table, after the sixth hour, let them rest on their beds in perfect silence; or if any one perchance desire to read, let him do so in such a way as not to disturb any one else. Let None be said in good time, at about the middle of the eighth hour: and then let them again work at whatever has to be done until Vespers. And if the needs of the place, or their poverty, oblige them to labour themselves at gathering in the crops, let them not be saddened thereat; because then are they truly monks, when they live by the labour of their hands, as did our fathers and the Apostles. Yet let all be done with moderation, on account of the faint-hearted.
Although I will post the Martyrology for the 3 days of the Triduum, it is not read at the Office of Prime.
Martyrology-March 29th
Roman Martyrology-March 29th-on this date in various years-
At Heliopolis in Lebanon, under Julian the Apostate, St. Cyril, deacon and martyr, whose body was opened and his liver taken out by the heathens who devoured it like wild beasts.
In Persia, the holy martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, under the Persian king Sapor. Jonas was put under the pressure of a vice, his bones broken, and cut asunder; Barachisius was suffocated by burning pitch being poured into his throat.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their companions.
In Africa, under the Arian king Genseric, during the persecution of the Vandals, the holy confessors Armogastes, a count, Mascula, Archimimus, and Saturus, master of the king's household. After enduring many severe torments, as well as insults, for the confession of the truth, they completed their tests with glory.
In the town of Asti, St. Secundus, martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, the death of Abbot St. Eustasius, a disciple of St. Columban, who had under his guidance nearly six hundred monks. Eminent in sanctity, he was also renowned for miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 29:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
From the first of October to the beginning of Lent let them apply to reading until the end of the second hour. Let Tierce be then said, and until the ninth hour let all labour at the work that is enjoined them. When the first signal for None is given, let every one break off from his work, and be ready as soon as the second signal is sounded. After their meal, let them occupy themselves in their reading, or in learning the Psalms. During Lent, let them apply themselves to reading from morning until the end of the third hour, and then, until the end of the tenth, labour at whatever is enjoined them. And in these days of Lent let each one receive a book from the library, and read it all through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of Lent. Above all, let one or two seniors be appointed to go round the Monastery, at the hours when the brethren are engaged in reading, and see that there be no slothful brother giving himself to idleness or to foolish talk, and not applying himself to his reading, so that he is thus not only useless to himself, but a distraction to others. If such a one be found (which God forbid) let him be corrected once and a second time; and if he do not amend, let him be subjected to the chastisement of the Rule, so that the rest may be afraid. And let not one brother associate with another at unseasonable hours.
Martyrology-March 30th
Roman Martyrology-March 30th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the martyrdom of the tribune blessed Quirinus, who had been baptized with all his household by Pope St. Alexander when he was imprisoned in their house. Under Emperor Adrian, he was delivered to the judge Aurelian, and because he persevered in the confession of faith, his tongue was torn out, he was stretched on the rack, his hands and feet were cut off, and the sword completed his course of martyrdom.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their companions.
At Constantinople, in the time of Constantius, the commemoration of many holy martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom the heresiarch Macedonius put to death by unheard-of kinds of torments. Among other tortures, they were burned with red-hot irons, and the breasts of Christian women were cut away between the lids of coffers.
At Senlis in France, the death of St. Regulus, bishop of Arles.
At Orleans in France, Bishop St. Pastor.
At Syracuse, St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Abbot St. John Climacus.
At Aquileria in Spain, the confessor St. Peter Regalado, priest of the Order of Friars Minor. He was born in Valladolid, and restored the regular discipline in the Spanish monasteries. Pope Benedict XIV placed him on the roll of saints.
At Aquino, St. Clinius confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 30:
CHAPTER XLVIII
Of the daily manual labour (cont.)
On Sunday, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to the various offices. But if any one should be so negligent and slothful, as to be either unwilling or unable to study or to read, let some task be given him to do, that he be not idle. To brethren who are weak or delicate, let there be given such work or occupation as to prevent them either from being idle, or from being so oppressed by excessive labour as to be driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.
Martyrology-March 31st
Roman Martyrology-March 31st-on this date in various years-
At Thecua in Palestine, the holy prophet Amos, whom the priest Amasias frequently had scourged. Ozias, that priest's son, pierced his head at the temples with an iron spike. Being carried half dead to his own country, he died there, and was buried with his family.
In Persia, during the reign of King Isdegerdes, the deacon St. Benjamin. Because he would not stop preaching the word of God, he had a sharp reed forced under his nails, a thorny stake driven through his body, and thus completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their companions.
At Rome, the virgin St. Balbina, daughter of the blessed martyr Quirinus. She was baptized by Pope Alexander, and she chose Christ as her spouse in her virginity. After overcoming the world, she was buried at her father's side on the Appian Way.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for March 31:
CHAPTER XLIX
Of the Observance of Lent
Although the life of a monk ought at all times to have about it a Lenten character, yet since few have strength enough for this, we exhort all, at least during the days of Lent, to keep themselves in all purity of life, and to wash away, during that holy season, the negligences of other times. This we shall worthily do, if we refrain from all sin, and give ourselves to prayer with tears, to holy reading, compunction of heart and abstinence. In these days, then, let us add some thing to our wonted service; as private prayers, and abstinence from food and drink, so that every one of his own will may offer to God, with joy of the Holy Spirit, something beyond the measure appointed him: withholding from his body somewhat of his food, drink and sleep, refraining from talking and mirth, and awaiting Holy Easter with the joy of spiritual longing. Let each one, however, make known to his Abbot what he offereth, and let it be done with his blessing and permission: because what is done without leave of the spiritual father shall be imputed to presumption and vain-glory, and merit no reward. Everything, therefore, is to be done with the approval of the Abbot.
On this day, which the Lord hath made, is the Solemnity of Solemnities, and our Pasch; the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
Martyrology-April 1st
Roman Martyrology-April 1st-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the passion of St. Theodora, sister of the illustrious martyr Hermes. She underwent martyrdom in the time of Emperor Adrian, under the judge Aurelian, and was buried at the side of her brother, on the Salarian Way, a short distance from the city.
The same day, St. Venantius, bishop and martyr.
In Egypt, the holy martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy martyrs Quinctian and Irenæus.
At Constantinople, under Emperor Leo, St. Macarius, confessor, who ended his life in exile for defending the veneration of sacred images.
At Ard-Patrick in Munster, a province of Ireland, Bishop St. Celsus, who preceded blessed Malachy in that bishopric.
At Grenoble in France, Bishop St. Hugh, who spent many years of his life in solitude, and departed for heaven with a great reputation for miracles.
At Amiens in France, Abbot St. Valery, whose tomb is well known for its frequent miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 1:
CHAPTER L
Of the Brethren who are working at a distance from the Oratory, or are on a journey
Let the brethren who are at work at a great distance, or on a journey, and cannot come to the Oratory at the proper time (the Abbot judging such to be the case) perform the Work of God there where they are labouring, in godly fear, and on bended knees. In like manner, let not those who are sent on a journey allow the appointed Hours to pass by; but, as far as they can, observe them by themselves, and not neglect to fulfil their obligation of divine service.
Martyrology-April 2nd
Roman Martyrology-April 2nd-on this date in various years
At Tours in France, St. Francis of Paula, founder of the Order of Minims. Because he was renowned for virtues and miracles, he was inscribed among the saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea in Palestine, during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, the birthday of the martyr St. Amphian. He reproved the governor Urban for sacrif�cing to idols, so his body was cruelly cut in shreds, his feet wrapped in oil-soaked cloths, and set on fire. After these painful torments, he was cast into the sea. Thus through fire and water, he reached his everlasting repose.
In the same city, the passion of St. Theodosia, a virgin of Tyre. In the same persecution, she publicly spoke to the holy confessors as they stood before the tribunal, and begged of them to remember her when they should be with God. She was arrested and led to the governor Urban, at whose order her sides and breasts were deeply lacerated, and she was thrown into the sea.
At Langres in France, Bishop St. Urban.
At Como, St. Abundius, bishop and confessor.
At Capua, Bishop St. Victor, well known for his sanctity and learning.
At Lyons in France, St. Nicetus, bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the death of St. Mary of Egypt, called the Sinner.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 2:
CHAPTER LI
Of the Brethren who go not very far off
Let not the brother who is sent out on any business, and hopeth to return that same day to the Monastery, presume to eat while abroad, even although pressed by any one to do so, unless perchance he have been bidden by his Abbot. If he do otherwise, let him be excommunicated,
Martyrology-April 3rd
Roman Martyrology-April 3rd-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the birthday of blessed Pope Sixtus the First, martyr, who ruled the Church with distinction during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, and finally in the reign of Antoninus Pius he gladly accepted temporal death in order to gain Christ for himself.
At Taormina in Sicily, Bishop St. Pancras, who sealed with a martyr's blood the Gospel of Christ that the apostle St. Peter had sent him there to preach.
At Tomis in Scythia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, the martyr St. Vulpian, who was sewn up in a sack with a serpent and a dog and drowned in the sea, during the persecution of Maximian Galerius.
At Thessalonica, the martyrdom of the holy virgins Agape and Chionia, under Emperor Diocletian. Because they would not deny Christ, they were first detained in prison, then cast into the fire where, untouched by the flames, they gave up their souls to their Creator while praying. Their sister Irene had been imprisoned with them, but was to die later.
In the monastery of Medicion in Bithynia, Abbot St. Nicetas, who suffered a great deal for the veneration of sacred images in the time of Leo the Armenian, and then died in peace as a confessor near Constantinople.
In England, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, celebrated for his sanctity and glorious miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the district of Meaux, St. Burgundofara, also known as St. Fara, abbess and virgin.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 3:
CHAPTER LII
Of the Oratory of the Monastery
Let the Oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer: and let nothing else be done, or kept there.* When the Work of God is ended, let all go out with the utmost silence, paying due reverence to God, so that a brother, who perchance wishes to pray by himself, may not be hindered by another's misconduct. If any one desire to pray in private, let him go in quietly and pray, not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart. And let it not be permitted, as we have said, to remain in the Oratory when the Work of God is finished, except it be for a like purpose, lest hindrance be caused to others.
Martyrology-April 4th
Roman Martyrology-April 4th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Isidore, bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church. He was conspicuous for sanctity and learning, and had brightened all Spain by his zeal for the Catholic faith and his observance of Church discipline.
At Milan, the death of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor, doctor of the Church. By his zeal, besides other monuments to his learning and miracles, almost all Italy returned to the Catholic faith at the time of the Arian heresy. His feast is properly kept on the seventh of December, on which day he became Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, in the time of Emperor Maximian and the govenor Faustinus, the holy martyrs Agathopodes, a deacon, and Theodulus, a lector, who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, had stones tied to their necks and were drowned in the sea.
At Constantinople, the monk St. Plato. For many years he combated with dauntless courage the heretics bent on destroying sacred images.
In Palestine, the anchoret St. Zosimus, who took care of the funeral of St. Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, St. Benedict of St. Philadelphus, called the Black because of the darkness of his body, a confessor of the Order of Friars Minor. After becoming outstanding for signs and virtues, he went to rest in the Lord, and was enrolled among the saints by Pope Pius VII.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 4:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests
Let all guests that come be received like Christ Himself, for He will say: "I was a stranger and ye took Me in." And let fitting honour be shewn to all, especially to such as are of the household of the faith, and to strangers. When, therefore, a guest is announced, let him be met by the Superior or the brethren, with all due charity. Let them first pray together, and thus associate with one another in peace; but the kiss of peace must not be offered until after prayer, on account of the delusions of the devil. In this salutation let all humility be shewn. At the arrival or departure of all guests, let Christ - who indeed is received in their persons - be adored in them, by bowing the head or even prostrating on the ground.
When the guests have been received, let them be led to prayer, and then let the Superior, or any one he may appoint, sit with them. The law of God is to be read before the guest for his edification; and afterwards let all kindness be shewn him. The Superior may break his fast for the sake of the guest, unless it happen to be a principal fast-day, which may not be broken. The brethren, however, shall observe their accustomed fasting. Let the Abbot pour water on the hands of the guests; and himself, as well as the whole community, wash their feet after which let them say this verse: "We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy Temple." Let special care be taken in the reception of the poor and of strangers, because in them Christ is more truly welcomed. For the very fear men have of the rich procures them honour.
Martyrology-April 5th
Roman Martyrology-April 5th-on this date in various years-
At Vannes in Brittany, St. Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, and confessor. He was mighty in word and deed, and converted many thousands of infidels to Christ.
In Africa, during the persecution of the Arian king Genseric, the holy martyrs who were murdered in the church on Easter day. The lector, while singing "Alleluia" at the lectern, was pierced through the throat by an arrow.
The same day, the martyr St. Zeno, who was covered with pitch, cast into the fire, and wounded by the thrust of a spear, thus gaining the crown of martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the martyrdom of five holy virgins, who were slain by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the virgin St. Irene, who was imprisoned for hiding the sacred books, contrary to the order of Diocletian. She was pierced with an arrow, then burned to death by order of the governor Dulcetius, under whom her sisters Agape and Chiónia had previously suffered.
In the monastery at Palma, in the diocese of Majorca, the birthday of St. Catherine Thomas, Canoness Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI, in the fiftieth year of his priesthood, placed among the number of virgin saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 5:
CHAPTER LIII
Of receiving Guests(Cont.)
Let the kitchen for the Abbot and guests be apart by itself; so that strangers, who are never wanting in a monastery, may not disturb the brethren by coming at unlooked-for hours. Let two brothers, who are well able to fulfil the duty, be placed in this kitchen for a year; and let help be afforded them as they require it, so that they may serve without murmuring. When they have not much to occupy them there, let them go forth to other work, wherever they may be bidden. And not only with regard to them, but in all the offices of the Monastery, let there be such consideration shewn, that when there is need of help it may be given them; and that when they are without work, they do whatever they are commanded. Let the care of the guest-house, also, be entrusted to a brother whose soul is possessed with the fear of God: let there be sufficient beds prepared there and let the house of God be wisely governed by prudent men. Let no one, except he be bidden, on any account associate or converse with the guests. But if he chance to meet or to see them, after humbly saluting them, as we have said, and asking their blessing,* let him pass on, saying that he is not permitted to talk with a guest.
Martyrology-April 6th
Roman Martyrology-April 6th-on this date in various years-
At Milan, the passion of St. Peter, a martyr belonging to the Order of Preachers, who was slain by the heretics for his Catholic faith. His feast, however, is kept on the 29th of April.
In Moravia, the birthday of St. Methodius, bishop and confessor. Together with his brother, the bishop St. Cyril, whose birthday was the 14th of February, he converted many of the Slav races and their rulers to the faith of Christ. Their feast is celebrated on the 7th day of July.
In Macedonia, the holy martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy martyrs.
At Ascalon in Palestine, the passion of St. Platonides and two other martyrs.
At Carthage, St. Marcellin, who was slain by the heretics for defending the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, St. William, an abbot renowned for his saintly life and miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 6:
CHAPTER LIV
Whether a Monk ought to receive letters, or tokens
By no means let a monk be allowed to receive, either from his parents or any one else, or from his brethren, letters, tokens, or any gifts whatsoever, or to give them to others, without permission of the Abbot. And if anything be sent to him, even by his parents, let him not presume to receive it until it hath been made known to the Abbot. But even if the Abbot order it to be received, it shall be in his power to bid it be given to whom he pleaseth; and let not the brother to whom it may have been sent be grieved, lest occasion be given to the devil. Should any one, however, presume to act otherwise, let him be subjected to the discipline of the Rule.
Martyrology-April 7th
Roman Martyrology-April 7th-on this date in various years-
For 2024 The Sunday in White, and the Octave of the Pasch.
At Rouen, the birthday of St. John Baptist de la Salle, priest and confessor. He was prominent in the education of youth, especially those who were poor, for which he was acclaimed both by religious and civil society. He was the founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pius XII, Supreme Pontiff, declared him patron of all those who teach children and young people. His feast is celebrated on the 15th of May.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy martyrs Epiphanius bishop, Donatus, Rufinus and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, St. Peleusius, priest and martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy martyrs.
In Cilicia, under the prefect Maximus, St. Calliopius, martyr. After undergoing other torments, he was fastened to a cross with his head downward, and thus gained the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, St. Cyriacus and ten other martyrs.
At Verona, St. Saturninus, bishop and confessor.
At Rome, St. Hegesippus, who lived close to the time of the apostles. He came to Rome while Anicetus was pope, and remained until the time of Eleutherius. He wrote a history of the Church, from the Passion of our Lord to his own time, in a simple style, to make clear the character of those whose life he imitated.
In Syria, in the time of Valens, St. Aphraates, an anchoret, who defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 7:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren
Let clothing be given to the brethren suitable to the nature and the climate of the place where they live; for in cold countries more is required, in warm countries less. This must therefore be considered by the Abbot. We think, however, that in temperate climates a cowl and a tunic should suffice for each monk: the cowl to be of thick stuff in winter, but in summer something worn or thin: likewise a scapular for work, and shoes and stockings to cover their feet. And let not the monks complain of the colour or coarseness of these things, but let them be such as can be got in the country where they live, or can be bought most cheaply.
Let the Abbot be careful about the size of the garments, that they be not too short for those who wear them, but of the proper length. When they receive new clothes let them always give up the old ones at once, to be put by in the wardrobe for the poor. For it is sufficient for a monk to have two tunics and two cowls for wearing at night, and also for washing: whatever is over and above this is superfluous, and ought to be cut off. In the same way, let them give up their shoes, and whatever else is worn out, when they receive new ones. Let those who are sent on a journey receive drawers from the wardrobe, and on their return restore them washed. Their cowls and tunics also, which are to be a little better than those they ordinarily wear, let them receive from the wardrobe when setting out on their journey, and give them back on their return.
Martyrology-April 8th
Roman Martyrology-April 8th-on this date in various years-
The commemoration of Saints Herodian, Asyncritus, and Phlegon who are mentioned by blessed Paul the Apostle in his Letter to the Romans.
At Alexandria, in the time of Emperor Maximian Galerius, the martyr St. Aedesius, brother of the blessed Apphian. Because he publicly reproved the wicked judge who delivered to corruptors virgins consecrated to God, he was arrested by the soldiers, exposed to the most severe torments, and thrown into the sea for the sake of Christ our Lord.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, the martyr St. Concessa.
At Corinth, Bishop St. Denis, who instructed not only the people of his own city and province by the learning and charm with which he preached the word of God, but also the bishops of other cities and provinces by the letters he wrote to them. His devotion to the Roman Pontiffs was such that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on Sundays. He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours in France, the holy bishop Perpetuus, a man of great sanctity.
At Ferentino in Campania, Bishop St. Redemptus, who was mentioned by Pope St. Gregory.
At Como, St. Amantius, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Because of March 25 being Monday in Holy Week this year, the Feast of the Annunciation is celebrated on April 8 this year.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 8:
CHAPTER LV
Of the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren(cont.)
For their bedding let a straw mattress, blanket, coverlet and pillow suffice. These beds must be frequently inspected by the Abbot, to see if any private property be discovered therein. And if any one should be found to have anything which he hath not received from the Abbot, let him be subjected to the most severe discipline. In order that this vice of private ownership may be rooted out entirely, let the Abbot supply them with all necessaries: that is, a cowl, tunic, shoes, stockings, girdle, knife, pen, needle, handkerchief, and tablets; so that all plea of wanting anything may be taken away. Yet let the Abbot always be mindful of those words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Distribution was made to everyone, according as he had need." Let him, therefore, consider the infirmities of such as are in want, and not the ill-will of the envious. Nevertheless, in all his judgments, let him think of the retribution of God.
Martyrology-April 9th
Roman Martyrology-April 9th-on this date in various years-
In Judea, St. Mary Cleophas, whom St. John the Evangelist calls the sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and says that she stood at her side beneath the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, St. Prochorus who was one of the first seven deacons. Renowned for faith and miracles, he received the crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their companions.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, St. Eupsychius, martyr, who was persecuted under Julian the Apostate for having overthrown the temple of Fortune.
In Africa the holy Massylitan Martyrs, on whose birthday was written a tract by St. Augustine.
At Sirmio, seven holy virgins and martyrs, who purchased eternal life together at the price of their own blood.
At Amida in Mesopotamia, St. Acatius, bishop, who even melted down and sold the sacred vessels in order to ransom captives.
At Rouen, St. Hugh, bishop and confessor.
In the city of Die, in France, St. Marcellus, bishop, celebrated for miracles.
At Mons in Hainaut, blessed Waltrude, renowned for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the transferring of the body of St. Monica, mother of the bishop St. Augustine. It was brought from Ostia to Rome, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Martin V, and buried with due honours in the church of St. Augustine.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 9:
CHAPTER LVI
Of the Abbot?s Table
Let the table of the Abbot be always with the guests and strangers. But as often as there are few guests, it shall be in his power to invite any of the brethren. Let him take care, however, always to leave one or two seniors with the brethren for the sake of discipline.
Martyrology-April 10th
Roman Martyrology-April 10th-on this date in various years-
At Babylon, the prophet Ezechiel, who was put to death by a judge of the people of Israel because he reproved him for worshipping idols. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray.
At Rome, the birthday of many holy martyrs, whom Pope St. Alexander baptized while he was in prison. The prefect Aurelian had them all put in an old ship, taken to the deep sea, and drowned with stones tied to their necks.
At Alexandria, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Apollonius, a priest, and five others who were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, under Emperor Decius and the prefect Fortunian, the holy martyrs Terence, Africanus, Pompey, and their companions, who were scourged, racked and subjected to other torments. Their martyrdom ended by beheading.
At Ghent in Flanders, St. Macarius, bishop of Antioch, celebrated for virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid in Spain, St. Michael of the Saints, confessor, of the Order of Discalced Trinitarians for the Redemption of Captives, a man known for his upright life, his peni�tential spirit, and his great love of God. He was placed on the roll of the saints by Pope Pius IX.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 10:
CHAPTER LVII
Of the Artificers of the Monastery
Should there be artificers in the Monastery, let them work at their crafts in all humility, if the Abbot give permission. But if any of them be puffed up by reason of his knowledge of his craft, in that he seemeth to confer some benefit on the Monastery, let such a one be taken from it, and not exercise it again, unless, perchance, when he hath humbled himself, the Abbot bid him work at it anew. And if any of the work of the artificers is to be sold, let those by whom the business is done see that they defraud not the Monastery. Let them ever be mindful of Ananias and Saphira, lest perchance, they, and all who deal fraudulently with the goods of the Monastery, should suffer in their souls the death which these incurred in the body. But with regard to the prices of such things, let not the vice of avarice creep in, but let them always be sold a little cheaper than by men in the world, that God may be glorified in all things.
Martyrology-April 11th
Roman Martyrology-April 11th-on this date in various years-
St. Leo the First, pope and confessor, who was surnamed the Great. His birthday falls on the 10th of November.
At Pergamum in Asia, the faithful witness, St. Antipas, who was mentioned by St. John in the Apocalypse. Under Emperor Domitian, he was enclosed in an ox made of brass that had been heated to redness, and thus completed his martyrdom.
At Salona in Dalmatia, the holy martyrs Domnio, bishop, and eight soldiers.
At Gortina in Crete, during the reign of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Philip, bishop, well known for his life and his teaching. He had defended the Church entrusted to his care against the fury of the heathen and the snares of the heretics.
At Nicomedia, the priest St. Eustorgius.
At Spoleto, St. Isaac, monk and confessor, whose virtues are recorded by Pope St. Gregory.
At Gaza in Palestine, in the time of Emperor Justinian, St. Barsanuphius, an anchoret.
At Luca in Etruria, St. Gemma Galgani, virgin, renowned for her contemplation of the Passion of our Lord, and for a life of holiness, and whom Pope Pius XII joined to the number of the Saints.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 11:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion
To him that newly cometh to change his life, let not an easy entrance be granted, but, as the Apostle saith, "Try the spirits if they be of God." If, therefore, he that cometh persevere in knocking, and after four or five days seem patiently to endure the wrongs done to him and the difficulty made about his coming in, and to persist in his petition, let entrance be granted him, and let him be in the guest-house for a few days. Afterwards let him go into the Novitiate, where he is to meditate and study, to take his meals and to sleep. Let a senior, one who is skilled in gaining souls, be appointed over him to watch him with the utmost care, and to see whether he is truly seeking God, and is fervent in the Work of God, in obedience and in humiliations. Let all the hard and rugged paths by which we walk towards God be set before him. And if he promise steadfastly to persevere, after the lapse of two months let this Rule be read through to him, with these words: "Behold the law, under which thou desirest to fight. If thou canst observe it, enter in; if thou canst not, freely depart." If he still stand firm, let him be taken back to the aforesaid cell of the Novices, and again tried with all patience. And, after a space of six months, let the Rule be again read to him, that he may know unto what he cometh. Should he still persevere, after four months let the same Rule be read to him once more. And if, having well considered within himself, he promise to keep it in all things, and to observe everything that is commanded him, then let him be received into the community, knowing that he is now bound by the law of the Rule, so that from that day forward he cannot depart from the Monastery, nor shake from off his neck the yoke of the Rule, which after such prolonged deliberation he was free either to refuse or to accept.
Martyrology-April 12th
Roman Martyrology-April 12th-on this date in various years-
At Verona, the passion of Bishop St. Zeno, who governed that Church with great fortitude amid the storms of persecution, and was crowned with martyrdom in the time of Gallienus.
In Cappadocia, in the reign of Emperor Valens, during the persecution raised against the Christians by Atanaric, king of the Goths, St. Sabas, himself a Goth, who was cast into a river after undergoing cruel torments. Many orthodox Goths, as St. Augustine relates, received at that time the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga in Portugal, the martyr St. Victor. Although only a catechumen, he refused to adore an idol, and confessed Jesus Christ with great constancy. After suffering many tortures, he was beheaded, and thus merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Piceno, St. Vissia, virgin and martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Pope St. Julius, who vigorously defended the Catholic faith against the Arians. After a life of brilliant accomplishments, he rested in peace, famed for his sanctity.
At the town of Gap in France, St. Constantine, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, Bishop St. Damian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 12:
CHAPTER LVIII
Of the Discipline of receiving Brethren into Religion (cont.)
Let him who is to be received make before all, in the Oratory, a promise of STABILITY, CONVERSION OF LIFE, and OBEDIENCE, in the presence of God and of His saints, so that, if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him Whom he mocketh. Let him draw up this promise in writing, in the name of the saints whose relics are in the altar, and of the Abbot there present. And let him write it with his own hand; or at least, if he knoweth not how, let another write it at his request, and let the Novice put his mark to it, and place it with his own hand upon the altar. When he hath done this, let the Novice himself immediately begin this verse: "Uphold me, O Lord, according to Thy Word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my expectation." And this verse let the whole community thrice repeat, adding thereto Gloria Patri. Then let the newly-received brother cast himself at the feet of all, that they may pray for him, and from that day let him be counted as one of the community. Whatever property he hath let him first bestow upon the poor, or by a solemn deed of gift make over to the Monastery, keeping nothing of it all for himself, as knowing that from that day forward he will have no power even over his own body. Forthwith, therefore, in the Oratory, let him be stripped of his own garments, wherewith he is clad, and be clothed in those of the Monastery. And let the garments that are taken from him be laid by and kept in the wardrobe; so that if ever, by the persuasion of the devil, he consent (which God forbid) to leave the Monastery, he may be stripped of the monastic habit and cast forth. But the form of his profession, which the Abbot took from the altar, shall not be given back to him, but be kept in the Monastery.
Martyrology-April 13th
Roman Martyrology-April 13th-on this date in various years-
At Seville in Spain, St. Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, Arian king of the Visigoths, who was imprisoned for the confession of the Catholic faith. By order of his wicked father he was beheaded because he had refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop on the feast of Easter. Thus exchanging an earthly for a heavenly kingdom, he entered the abode of the saints, both as a king and as a martyr.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, St. Justin, philosopher and martyr. He had addressed to the emperors his second Apology in defence of our religion, and upheld it by strong arguments. By the intrigue of Crescens the Cynic, whose conduct and immorality he had reproved, he was accused of professing Christianity, and thus he obtained the reward of martyrdom in payment for his faithful confession. His feast is kept on the following day.
At Pergamum in Asia, during the same persecution, the birthday of the holy martyrs Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, the deacon Papylus, and his sister Agathonica, an excellent woman, Agathadorus, their servant, and many others. After many torments they received their crowns of martyrdom for their worthy confessions.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilian, and Dadas, during the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, St. Ursus, bishop and confessor.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 13:
CHAPTER LIX
Of the Sons of Nobles or of Poor Men that are offered
If any nobleman shall perchance offer his son to God in the Monastery, let the parents, should the boy be still in infancy, make for him the written promise as aforesaid; and together with the oblation* let them wrap that promise and the hand of the child in the altar-cloth and so offer him up. With respect to his property, they must in the same document promise under oath that they will never either themselves, or through any one else, or in any way whatever, give him anything, or the means of having anything. Or else, if they are unwilling to do this, and desire to offer something as an alms to the Monastery, for their own advantage, let them make a donation of whatever they please to the Monastery, reserving to themselves, if they will, the income thereof during their life. Thus let all possibility of expectation be excluded whereby the child might be deceived and so perish (which God forbid), as we have learnt by experience may happen. Let those who are poorer do in like manner. But those who have nothing whatever may simply make the promise in writing, and, with the oblation, offer their son before witnesses.
Martyrology-April 14th
Roman Martyrology-April 14th-on this date in various years-
The feast of St. Justin, philosopher and martyr, who was yesterday mentioned.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, who suffered in the time of Emperor Alexander and the prefect Almachius. The first two were converted to Christ by the exhortations of blessed Cecilia, and baptized by Pope St. Urban. They were beaten with clubs, then beheaded for the sake of the true faith. Maximus, who had been the prefect's chamberlain, was touched by their constancy, and confirmed by the vision of an angel, believed in Christ, and was scourged with leaded whips until he died.
At Teramo, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr.
Also St. Ardalion, an actor. One day in the theatre, while scoffing at the holy rites of the Christian religion, he was suddenly converted and bore testimony to it, not only by his words, but also with his blood.
At Teramo, St. Domnina, virgin and martyr, who received the crown with her virgin companions.
At Alexandria, St. Thomais, martyr. Because she would not consent to the impure wishes of her father-in-law, she was struck with a sword dividing her body from head to foot.
At Lyons, in France, St. Lambert, bishop and confessor.
At Alexandria, St. Fronto, an abbot whose life was graced by sanctity and his miracles.
At Rome, St. Abundius, sacristan of the church of St. Peter.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 14:
CHAPTER LX
Of Priests who may wish to dwell in the Monastery
If any one in priestly orders ask to be received into the Monastery, let not consent be too quickly granted him; but if he persist in his request, let him know that he will have to observe all the discipline of the Rule, and that nothing will be relaxed in his favour, according as it is written "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" Let him, nevertheless, be allowed to stand next the Abbot, to give the blessing, and to say Mass, if the Abbot bid him do so. Otherwise, let him presume to do nothing, knowing that he is subject to the discipline of the Rule; but rather let him give an example of humility to all. And if there be a question of any appointment, or other business in the Monastery, let him expect the position due to him according to the time of his entrance, and not that which was yielded to him out of reverence for the priesthood. If any clerics should desire in the same way to be admitted into the Monastery, let them be placed in a middle rank: but in their case also, only on condition that they promise observance of the Rule, and stability therein.
Martyrology-April 15
Roman Martyrology-April 15th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, the Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women who were disciples of the apostles. Because they persevered courageously in the profession of their faith during the time of the Emperor Nero, they had their tongues and feet cut off, were put to the sword, and thus obtained the crown of martyrdom.
The same day, the holy martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus, who, along with blessed Flavia Domitilla, had been banished to the island of Pontia for the confession of Christ. Being recalled in the reign of Nerva, and having converted many to the faith, they were put to death in different ways by the judge Valerian, during the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, in the reign of Emperor Decius, the holy martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who were beaten with rods and whips, and struck on their heads with clubs until they breathed no more.
At Ferentino in Campania, the martyr St. Eutychius.
At Myra in Lycia, St. Crescens, who was martyred by fire.
In Thrace, the holy martyrs Theodorus and Pausilippus, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 15:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received
If any monk who is a stranger come from distant parts, and desire to dwell in the Monastery as a guest, and if he be content with the customs which he there findeth, and do not trouble the Monastery by any superfluous wants, but be satisfied with what he findeth, let him be received for as long a time as he will. And if reasonably and with humility he reprove and point out what is amiss, let the Abbot prudently mark his words, in case God perchance hath sent him for this very end. If afterwards he desire to bind himself to remain there, let not his wish be denied him, especially since during the time he was a guest his manner of life could well be ascertained.
Martyrology-April 16th
Roman Martyrology-April 16th-on this date in various years-
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy martyrs Callistus and Charistius, with seven others, who were all cast into the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the birthday of eighteen holy martyrs, Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Cecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been Saturninus. They were all tortured and slain together under Dacian, governor of Spain. The glory of their martyrdom has been celebrated in verse by Prudentius.
In the same city, the Saints Caius and Crementius, who twice confessed the faith of Christ, and persevering in it, drank of the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, the martyr St. Lambert.
Also at Saragossa, St. Encratis, virgin and martyr, whose body was lacerated , her breasts cut away, and her bowels torn out. Still alive after these torments, she was confined in prison until her body, covered with wounds, began to decompose.
At Palentia, St. Turibius, bishop of Astorga. With the aid of Pope St. Leo, he drove out of Spain completely the Priscillian heresy. He went to rest in the Lord with a great renown for miracles.
At Braga in Portugal, the bishop St. Fructuosus.
At Scicy, in the district of Coutances in France, the death of St. Paternus, bishop of Avranches and confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of St. Benedict Joseph Labre, confessor, who was famed for his contempt of self and his great voluntary poverty.
In Belgium, near Valenciennes, St. Drogo, confessor.
In the city of Nevers in France, St. Mary Bernard Soubirous of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, also called the Christian Institute. She was favoured with frequent apparitions and conversations at Lourdes with Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God. In 1933 her name was added to the roll of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Siena in Tuscany, blessed Joachim of the Order of Servites of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for April 16:
CHAPTER LXI
Of Stranger Monks, how they are to be received (cont.)
But if during that time he was found burdensome or prone to vice, not only must he not be admitted among the brethren, but he must even be courteously bidden to depart, lest others should be corrupted by his evil living. If, however, he is not such as to deserve to be sent away, let him not merely on his own asking be received and admitted into the community, but even be persuaded to remain, that the others may be taught by his example: because in every place we serve one God, and fight under one King. And if the Abbot perceive him to be a man of this kind, he may put him in a somewhat higher place. It shall be in the Abbot's power to assign not only to a simple monk, but also to any of the aforesaid priests or clerics, a higher place than that due to them by their entrance into the Monastery, if he see that their lives are such as to deserve it. But let the Abbot take care never to receive a monk from any known monastery, without his own Abbot's consent, and letters of recommendation; as it is written: "What thou wilt not have done to thyself, do not thou to another."
Martyrology-April 17th
Roman Martyrology-April 17th-on this date in various years-
At Rome, St. Anicetus, pope and martyr, who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordova in Spain, the holy martyrs Elias, a priest, and the monks Paul and Isidore, who were slain in the Arab persecution for the profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy martyrs Peter, a deacon, and Hermogenes, who was his servant.
In Africa, the birthday of blessed Mappalicus, martyr. St. Cyprian relates in his Epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors that he, along with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne in France, Bishop St. Pantagathus.
At Tortona, St. Innocent, bishop and confessor.
At Citeaux in France, St. Stephen, abbot, who was first to live in the Cistercian desert and who joyfully welcomed St. Bernard and his companions when they came to him.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, St. Robert, confessor, the founder and first abbot of the monastery.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.